ethics between religion and philosophy
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8/10/2019 Ethics Between Religion and Philosophy
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ETHICS BETWEEN RELIGION ANDPHILOSOPHY
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Ethics =Moral
Philosophy
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What is Ethics?
In philosophy, the study and evaluation of human conduct inthe light of moral principles. Moral principles may be viewedeither as the standard of conduct that individuals haveconstructed for themselves or as the body of obligations and
duties that a particular society requires of its members.
In Islam, ethics can be defined as someone‟s action based on
Al-Quran and Hadith.
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Religion Philosophy
• Al-Quran
• Hadith
• Philosopher
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Definition
Literally : Ethos(derived fromGreek word)
meaning character
Technically : The valuesor rules of conduct
held by an individual or
a group
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Ethics in Arabic = „ilm
al-akhlaq which is thebranch of knowledgethat studies akhlaq
(morals)
Al-Akhlaq = morality
which means a nature/ innate disposition
/temperament
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Imam al Ghazali : The studyof certain religious beliefand of the rightness andwrongness of action for
the purpose of practice,not for the sake of mere
knowledge.
Character established isthe state of the soul which
actions proceed easilywithout any need for
reflection and deliberation
Abdul Qadir al Jurjani : A
state of the self producesacts behavior with ease
with no need ofsophisticate thinking andreflection (KitabTa‟rifat)
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Quran
• We sent you notexcept as a mercy
for all creatures.(21:107)
• The noblest of you inthe sight of Allah is
the best of you inconduct. (49:13)
Hadith
• “I was sent tocomplete morals.”
(al Bukhari)• “Those who have
perfect faith arethose who have
better moralcharacter.”(al Tirmithi)
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Major Concern
The standards by which
human actions can be judged as “right” or
“wrong” and “good” or“bad” (ethical judgments)
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Ethics in philosophy
According to Kant, morality is a matter of duty.
An action is considered as morally worth if it is done for the
sake of duty.
Kant stresses on Deontological (duty-based) ethics which canbe defined as concern with what people do, not with theconsequences of their actions.
Duty-based ethics comes into four principles which are wemust do the right thing, we must do something because it isthe right thing to do, do not do wrong things and we mustavoid people who are wrong.
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According to Aristotle, human being should study ethics toimprove our lives.
Aristotle influence by Socrates and Plato to take virtues ascentral to a well-lived life.
Example of virtues are courage, justice, temperance and soon.
He also comes out with the theory of ethics virtue or
known as golden mean.
Golden mean is striking the balance between excessivenessand deficiency. E.g shamelessness(too little shame) and
bashfulness(too much shame)
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Similarities
A good example of the combination of religious andphilosophical ideas in al-Ghazali is the manner in which
happiness can be achieved. Happiness, as the chief good, admits
of two subdivisions, the worldly and the otherworldly.
Otherworldly happiness, which is our ultimate goal, cannot beachieved without certain worldly goods.
These include the four cardinal virtues of wisdom, courage,
temperance and justice, the bodily virtues of health, strength,
good fortune and a long life, the external virtues of wealth, kin,
social position and noble birth, and finally the 'divine virtues' of
guidance, good counsel, direction and divine support.
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Conclusion
There is no differences between ethics in religion andethics in philosophy
Both stress on good moral character
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