ewaste in india
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International Conference on Eco Industrial Parks
E-Waste Management in India
Ulrike Killguss,
GTZ, Indo-German Environment Programme
7th July 2009
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Overview
01 Challenges and Current Practices
02 GTZ Initiatives in e-Waste Management
03 Establishing an e-Waste Management System
04 Building Blocks of the Management System
05 E-Waste and Industrial Parks A Case Study06 The Way Ahead
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Challenges and Current Practices
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Challenges and Current Practices
Electronics industry is the fastest growing manufacturingindustry today
E-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streamsworldwide (rapid growth and obsolescence, shortinnovation cycles)
Rapidly increasing e-waste volumes (domestic andimports)
Low recovery of materials due to rudimentary processes
(loss of resources) Low level of awareness of the hazards of incorrect
recycling and disposal
Little or no data and information on e-waste generation,imports and exports
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Challenges and Current Practices
E-waste processing in India is highly complex and mostlymanaged by a very well networked informal sector
Release of toxics into air, water and soil
Health concerns to the workers involved directly in such
operations Loss of revenue to state as these recycling centres are
not covered under any regulation
Disproportionate sharing of profits between the actors ofthe recycling chain
Cherry-Picking - only valuable waste is recycled whileless valuable waste is dumped and causes pollution
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E-Trade Cycle in Delhi
Key Players
Domestic Manufacturer ImportsOfficial
Relativesor Friends
Exchangedwith vendorfor higher
configuration
Donated toinstitutions
Auctionedto Vendors
Vendor Lobby
Upgraded forResale
Scrap Dealer
After Use
Dismantler
PlasticExtractor
Electronic ItemExtractor
Metal Extractor
End User Landfill, Water Body, Air (Disposal)
Extractors/Recyclers
Consumer
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Dismantling of e-Waste
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Copper extraction using acids
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Burning of PCBs to extract copper
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Breaking cathode ray tubes (CRTs)
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Precious metal recovery
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Hazardous work environment
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E-Waste Management Approaches
Industrialized Countries Through (large) recycling companies
Capital intensive
Environmentally safe
Highly controlled Very expensive
Industrializing Countries
Mainly through informal sector Labour intensive
Often polluting, unsafe, unhealthy
Not very controlled
Self financed
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GTZ Initiatives in e-Waste Management
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Assessments / Studies / Concept Notes
E-waste Assessment Studies: National Level, Delhi,Bangalore and Kolkata (in progress)
Assessment of occupational health and safety of
informal e-waste recycling sector
Concept Paper on models / strategies for sustainablemanagement of e-waste in India
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Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Potential Annual e-Waste: 382,979 MT Imports: 50,000 MT Computers: 56,324 MT Mobiles: 1,655 MTTelevisions: 2,75,000 MT
e-Waste Processed:19,000 MT Computers: 12,000 MTTelevisions: 7,000 MT
Mobiles: negligible
Total e-Waste available for recycling: 144,143 MT Imports: 50,000 MT Computers: 24,000 MT Mobiles: 143 MT
Televisions: 70,000 MT
Source: MAIT-GTZ, 2007
Estimation of E-Waste in India
Of this, 95% is recycled by the informal sectorand only 5% by formal recyclers
MT = Metric Tons
Total e-waste generated in India in 2007 (Computers, Mobiles, Televisions, Imports)
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Capacity Building and Training
Profitable Environmental Management Training (PREMA)carried out with informal recyclers
Capacity Building of informal sector, association building andformalization of informal groups (safe recycling practices,support in obtaining government clearances, information onbasic human rights)
Linking of newly formalized groups (previous informal sector)to formal recyclers (collection, segregation and dismantling)
Highlight: Three groups have been formalised in Bangalore which aresetting up recycling facilities
One large fomalised associtation in Delhi is collectinge-waste and supplying a formal recyler
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Recycling in the Informal Sector
Collection
Segregation& Dismantling Recycling
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Model for E-Waste Management in India
Formal e-WasteRecycler
DismantlingCollection &Segregation Recycling
Formalised informal Sector
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Improved Recycling Capacity
Facilitation and technical support for setting up formal
recyclers units throughout the country Support to government in selection process for formal
recyclers
Highlight: E-Parisaraa
India first formal e-waste recycling facility (ISO 14001:2004certified)
Set up in collaboration with GTZ and EMPA
Safe methods of dismantling e-waste
Process of recycling involves non-incineration technology -
manual dismantling, segregation, shredding, crushing, pulverisingand density separation
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Stakeholder Engagement
Formation of national level working group on e-waste in2004
Formation of the E-Waste Agency (EWA) in Bangalore inMay 2005 (brings together industry, government andNGOs to work together on a sustainable e-wastemanagement strategy)
Multi-Stakeholder Dialogues (industry, industryassociations, government and NGOs) as a commonplatform for discussion and consensus building forsustainable management systems, extended producer
responsibility and CSR
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Policy Advice
Support in drafting Guidelines for EnvironmentallySound Management of Electronic Waste (2008)
Support in draft legislation on Environmentally SoundManagement of Electronic Waste which was firstpresented to public for comments and has now beensubmitted to government for further action
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Establishing an e-Waste Management System
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Establishing the Management System
The various steps in providing a new direction to e-waste
management system in India include:
Conceptualising and defining the necessary building
blocks for a proper e-waste management model Creating a broad consensus amongst the various
stakeholders of e-waste management system about the
viability of the proposed EPR models Implementation of the EPR model
Legislation based on regular monitoring and evaluation
of the model
EPR = Extended Producer Responsibility
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Establishing the Management System
Objective: to evolve a sustainable solution for managing
e-waste in IndiaSuch a management system would provide:
A convenient collection and disposal system for large
and small consumers to return all their e-waste safely.
A mandatory system for all producers to care for theirproduct beyond its useful life.
A regulated system where all stakeholders have clearlydefined roles and responsibilities, adhering strictly toexisting environmental and social legislation.
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Building Blocks of the Management System
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Building Blocks
1. Legal Framework
Extended Producers Responsibility (EPR) All Stakeholder Participation and Coordination
Questions to be kept in mind:
What is the goal of the legislation? What is the scope of the legislation?
Who is responsible? (Allocating responsibilities)
How is the system financed? (if additional finances areneeded)
Setting collection and recycling targets
Monitoring and compliance
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Building Blocks
2. Secure Financing: What needs to be financed?
All e-waste is not profitable, some e-waste is not branded, inherentvalue depends on market prices, operational costs, componentsused in technology, legislation
Every step of the recycling chain, i.e. collection, transport,separation of fractions (manual or automatic) and material recovery,induces a cost or a profit
Creating awareness, controlling and running such a system alsohave a cost
Every component of the system needs to have itsfinancing secured
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Building Blocks
3. Awareness and Education
Awareness among all stakeholders is very critical for any changeto be effective and meet its desired objective
The Producers will also need to play their part in educating theconsumers regarding
the e-waste management system
product constituents handling precautions
responsibility of the producers in changed situation
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E-Waste and Industrial Parks- A Case Study
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Clean E-Waste Channel at ELCIA
ELCIA (Electronics City Industry Association) in Bangalore is home toseveral of the biggest electronic products brands as well as large
users, with over 150 member companies having around 60,000 staff.
Through support of GTZ and EMPA, ELCIA and its members,predominantly from the software sector, have taken a unilateral lead in
tackling the e-waste problem:
Awareness programs conducted in Electronics City (2006)Formulation of a ' Code of Conduct' for the companies in
Electronics City defining their commitment towards proper e-waste management (2007)
Creation of an e-waste collection centre inside the ElectronicsCity
The waste collected is then handled over to E-Parisaraa, anauthorized e-waste recycler
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The Way Ahead
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The Way Ahead
Present traditional system of e-waste collection in thetraditional sector should continue:
-Evolution of standards for recycling operations-Fiscal incentives to promote recycling
Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
-Buy back schemes / Fixed recycling prices-Flexible refund schemes / Definition of responsibilities
Prevention of hazardous substances in products
Ban imports of e-waste
Incentives for state-of-the-art facilities for recycling
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For More Information
Indo-European-e-Waste Initiative
http://www.ieewaste.org/
Indo-German-Swiss e-Waste Initiative
http://www.e-waste.in/
E-Waste Agency http://www.ewa.co.in/
E-Parisaraa (First formal e-Waste recycler in India)
http://www.ewasteindia.in/
E-Waste Info Guide
http://ewasteguide.info/
Electronics City Industrial Association (ELCIA)
http://www.elcia.in/ewaste
http://www.e-waste.in/http://www.ewa.co.in/http://www.ewasteindia.in/http://ewasteguide.info/http://ewasteguide.info/http://www.ewasteindia.in/http://www.ewa.co.in/http://www.e-waste.in/ -
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Short Video Clip
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Funnel Approach for E-Waste Estimation
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Potential Annual e-Waste Products at the end of active life which either getstacked inside warehouses/store rooms Products that are not sold by consumers because ofinappropriate resale value or are used for lower levelapplication
e-Waste ProcessedDisposed electronic products which are actuallyrecycled and would include the dismantled parts andcomponents of the electronic and electrical products
Total e-Waste available for recycling Products that have been exchanged/ sold by theirowners Large quantities of the Waste Electrical and ElectronicEquipment get refurbished, reused or relocated to
smaller towns or villages
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