exam i study guide. explain parfocal inversion summarize the procedure for preparing a wet mount...

Exam I

Study Guide

Explain

• Parfocal• Inversion• Summarize the procedure for preparing a wet

mount slide

Questions

• What is the function of tendons and ligaments?

• Name the enzyme that breaks down ATP during a muscle contraction.

• What is the function of red bone marrow?• What is the chemical composition of the

yellow bone marrow?

Nucleus

Organelles

Cytoplasm

Plasma membrane

a) A eukaryotic animal cell has a large nucleus and numerous small organelles. The cytoplasm is enclosed by a flexible plasma membrane.

Question

• Identify and label three structures of the animal cells

Question

• What appearance will red blood cells have when they are placed in the following solutions? Explain your answer in detail.

• Hypertonic• Isotonic• Hypotonic

Figure 5.12

Coxal bones and sacrum (pelvis)

Pubic symphysis

Femur (upper leg)Patella (knee cap)

Lower legTibia

Fibula

7 Tarsals (ankle)5 Metatarsals (foot)14 Phalanges (toe bones)

Identify these bones.

Identify the microscope parts.

Identify all the components of a long bone.

Figure 5.1a

Epiphysis

Diaphysis

Spongy bone (spaces contain red bone marrow)

Compact bone

Yellow bonemarrow

Blood vessel

Periosteum

Central cavity(contains yellow bone marrow)

Epiphysis

a) A partial cut through a long bone.

Question

• Why do bone injuries heal faster than injuries to cartilage?

Identify the following muscles.

Figure 6.1a

Pectoralis major• Draws arm forward

and toward the body

Biceps brachii• Bends forearm at elbow

Rectus abdominus• Compresses abdomen• Bends backbone• Compresses chest cavity

Figure 6.1b

Deltoid• Raises arm

Trapezius• Lifts shoulder blade• Braces shoulder• Draws head back

Triceps brachi• Straightens forearm

at elbowLatissimus dorsi • Rotates and draws

arm backward andtoward body

Gluteus maximus• Extends thigh• Rotates thigh laterally

Gastrocnemius• Bends lower leg at

knee• Bends foot away from

knee

Name and identify the kissing and blinking muscles.

Question

• What are the two divisions of the skeletal System?

• Name four bones from each division.

Figure 5.5

Axial skeleton

Cranium (skull)MaxillaMandible

Sternum

Vertebrae

Sacrum

Appendicular skeleton

Clavicle

Humerus

UlnaRadiusCarpals

Metacarpals

Phalanges

Coxal bone

PatellaTibiaFibula

TarsalsMetatarsalsPhalanges

Ribs

Scapula

Femur

Osteon:

Osteons

• The Osteon: label the osteocytes, lamellea, lacuna and canaliculi.

• Why is the central canal larger compared to the other components of bone tissue?

• Describe the appearance of the canaliculi and give their function.

Question

• Describe how an osteocyte located near a central canal can pass nutrients to osteocytes located far from the central canal.

Identify the following structures

• Sarcomere• Motor neuron• Sarcoplasmic reticulum• T-tubules• Actin and myosin

True ribs= 7False ribs= efloating = 2

Sternum(breastbone)

True Ribs

False ribs

Floating ribs

C7

T1

T11

T12

L1

L2

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8910

11

12

Manubrium

Xiphoid process

Clavicle

Identify all the bones

Figure 5.11

Pectoral girdle

Clavicle(collar bone)

Scapula(shoulder blade)

Humerus(upper arm)

Ulna

Radius

Forearm

8 Carpals (wrist)5 Metacarpals (hand)

14 Phalanges (finger bones)

Identify all the bones.

Figure 5.6

Temporal bone

Frontal bone

Sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Nasal bone

Zygomatic bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Maxilla

Zygomatic bonePalatine bone

Sphenoid bone

Foramen magnum

Occipital bone

Parietal bone

Occipitalbone

External auditorymeatus

Vomer bone

Identify the bones of the face and skull

Questions

• Each arm consists of humerus, ulna and radius. What joint connects these three bones?

• How many bones are in your body?• How many bones are in your left hand?

Question: Identify the male and female coxal bones?Identify the region of the coxal bones.

1. 2.

Lumbar Vertebrae(5)

Identify the following vertebrae

A._________ B.__________

Types of bones

1. humerus 2. patella 3. coxal 4. scapula

Identify the vertebrae

2.____________

1.____________