excavation 01
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copyright 1999 Sierra Safetyworks 1
SUBPART P
1926.650 - 1926.652
EXCAVATIONS
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DefinitionExcavation Vs. Trench
Atrenchis defined as a narrow excavationmade below the surface of the ground. Thedepth is normally greater than the width withthe width at the bottom of the trench being nowider than 15
Anexcavationis defined as any man-madecavity, trench, or depression in the earthsurface formed by earth removal
Therefore, it can be assumed that alltrenches are excavations, but not allexcavations are trenches
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Do You See Safe Work
Practices in Place Here?
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Do You See Safe Work
Practices in Place Here?
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Do You See Safe Work
Practices in Place Here?
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OSHAs GREATEST HIT$Most Commonly Cited - 1999
1926.652(a)(1)Protection provided from cave-insin excavations
1926.651(k)(1)Daily inspections by competent
person of excavations & protective systems1926.651(c)(2)Means of egress provided from
trench excavations
1926.651(j)(2)Protection from excavated material
or equipment falling into excavations1926.651(k)(2)Competent person inspection
Employees removed from hazard
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Are These Goodor Bad Examplesof Excavation Safety?
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Are These Goodor Bad Examplesof Excavation Safety?
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Examples of ExcavationSafety?
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Are These Goodor Bad Examplesof Excavation Safety?
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Major Compliance Issues ofSubpart P
Scope, Application, & Definitions (includingCompetent Person) 1926.650
General Requirements 1926.651
Requirements for Protective Systems
1926.652
Appendix A - F Includes Soil classification,sloping and benching, timber shoring,aluminum hydraulic shoring, alternatives totimber shoring, and selection of protectivesystems
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Scope, Application & DefinitionCompetent Person
The single most important definitioncontained in this Subpart is that of
Competent Person
A competent person is defined as one whois capable of identifying existing andpredictable hazards in the surroundings, or
working conditions which are unsanitary,hazardous, or dangerous to employees andwho has the authority to take promptcorrective measures to eliminate them
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What Makes you an ExcavationCompetent Person?
You MUSThave specifictraining in and beknowledgeable about:
Soil Typing & analysis The different kinds of
protective systems &their proper use
Hazard recognition
When a registered P.E. isrequired
Knowledge of Subpart P
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What Makes you an ExcavationCompetent Person?
AND HAVE AUTHORITY
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Did The Competent Person DoTheir Job Here?
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Did The Competent Person DoTheir Job Here?
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Did The Competent Person DoTheir Job Here?
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Did The Competent Person DoTheir Job Here?
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General Requirements ofSubpart P
Surface encumbrances must be supported orremoved if they pose a hazard to workers
All underground utilities or other similar type
installations must be located prior to anyexcavation beginning. Those same may needto be supported, removed or protected
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A Th G d B d E l
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Are These Good or BadExamplesof Access & Supporting Utilities?
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Are These Good or BadExamplesof Access & Supporting Utilities?
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Are These Good or BadExamples
of Access & Supporting Utilities?
E ll t E l f S t d
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Excellent Examples of SupportedUtilities Excavations
f
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Excellent Examples ofSupported Utilities Excavations
ll l f
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Excellent Examples ofSupported Utilities Excavations
ll l f
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Excellent Examples ofSupported Utilities Excavations
E l f B i P i
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Examples of Barrier ProtectionAround the Excavation Perimeter
Barricades or equivalent around excavations tokeep employees from falling in
Similar measures to be taken to keep vehiclesor equipment from going into excavation
G l R i t f
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General Requirements ofSubpart P
Workers cannot be underneath any loadhandled by digging or lifting equipment
Warning systems must warn equipmentoperators of excavations (I.e. barricades, etc)
Excavations must be checked for possible
hazardous atmospheres
G l R i t f
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General Requirements ofSubpart P
Workers must not work in excavationsthat contain water
Any structure adjacent to an excavationmust be properly supported to preventcollapse
Workers must be protected from loosematerials or soil going into theexcavation
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Goodor BadExamples?
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Goodor BadExamples?
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Goodor BadExamples?
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Goodor BadExamples?
G l R i t f
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General Requirements ofSubpart P
All excavations & anyprotective equipmentused in same must be
inspected on a dailybasis by a competentperson & must occurprior to any starting
Walkways equippedwith guardrails must beprovided where workersor equipment cross over
excavations
R i t f P t ti
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Requirements for ProtectiveSystems
Any worker in an excavation shall beprotected from cave-ins by an adequateprotective system except when:
Excavation made entirely in stable rock Excavation less than 5 deep & inspection by
competent person reveals no cave-in hazard
All protective systems to have capacity to
resist without failure all loads that areintended or reasonably could be expectedto be applied or transmitted to theprotective system
A P P ti B i
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Are Proper Precautions BeingTaken in These Examples?
A e P ope P e tion Being
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Are Proper Precautions BeingTaken in These Examples?
Are Proper Precautions Being
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Are Proper Precautions BeingTaken in These Examples?
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Design of all Protective Systems
Design of sloping &benching systems
All sloped 1.5/1(34o)
Appendix A & B Tabulated data
Design by P.E.
Materials & Equipment
All approved by competentperson
Manufactured equipmentused per mfrs. Specs
unless approved in writing
Design of support,shield, & otherprotective systems Timber shoring to be
per appendix A & C Mfrs. Tabulated data
for support or shields
Hydraulic shoring per
mfr or appendix D All tabulated data kept
on site during work
Design by registeredP.E. & kept on site
A Good Example of an
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A Good Example of anEngineered Shoring Plan
Conventional sloping wouldnt work because ofadjacent buildings & road that had to remain open
Existing utilities were located and supported
P.E. shoring plan followed exactly
Subpart P
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Subpart PAppendix A Requirements
Classification of soil & rock depositsAll rock & soil deposits must be classified
by a competent person as either stable
rock, type A, type B, or type CThese classifications must be made on the
basis of at least 1 visual & 1 manual test
Visual Tests Manual TestsParticle size Pocket penetrometer
spalling & fissures roll test(cohesiveness)
water resence sedimentation test
Soil Classification
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Soil ClassificationType A Soil
Cohesive soil with anunconfined compressivestrength of 3000# persq. foot or greater
Clay, silty clay, cementedsoils (non-granular)
Cannot be Type A if: Unstable dry rock
Previously disturbed soil Is fissured
Subject to vibration
layered with slope > 4/1
Soil Classification
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Soil ClassificationType B Soil
Cohesive soil with anunconfined compressivestrength of 1000-3000#per square foot
Granular cohesionlesssoils: silt, silt loam, sandyloam
Can be Type B soil if: Unstable dry rock
Type A fissured or subjectto vibration
Layered with slope < 4/1
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Would You Work in These
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WouldYou Work in TheseTrench Boxes?
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Would You Work in These
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WouldYou Work in TheseTrench Boxes?
Good and Bad Examples of Trench
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Goodand BadExamples of Trenchand Excavation Protection
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Goodand BadExamples of Trenchand Excavation Protection
Good and Bad Examples of Trench
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Goodand BadExamples of Trenchand Excavation Protection
Good and Bad Examples of Trench
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Goodand BadExamples of Trenchand Excavation Protection
An Excellent Example of all
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An Excellent Example of allFacets of Excavation Safety
Good example of shoring /lagging
Good guardrail system around upper perimeter
Good impalement protection at lower grade
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