exercise chapter 5 sambungan

Science Module Form 2- Chapter 5

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Exercise 5.4

1. Diagram 1 shows the process of making a solution.

Diagram 1

2. Diagram 2 shows the making of a cup of hot coffee.

Hot water

Diagram 2

Based on diagram 2, determine the solute, solvent and solution in the hot coffee.

a. Solute : ……………………………

b. Solvent : ……………………………

c. Solution: ……………………………

Solute Solvent Solution

Hot coffee

Black coffee

3. Diagram 3 shows three beakers containing solutions and their types .

Diagram 3

Draw lines to show the correct match between the solution in the beakers and their types

SATURATED SOLUTION

DILUTE SOLUTION

CONCENTRATED SOLUTION

4. Serena mixes some sugar in a beaker of 50ml of water as shown in the diagram.

Diagram 4

(a) Help Serena to label the above diagram using this information.

Solution Solvent Solute

(b) Use a molecular diagram to show the molecules of water and sugar in beaker R. Label

your diagram.

(c) Serena would like to add more sugar in the beaker without adding the volume of water.

Give two suggestion to her how to dissolve more sugar in the beaker.

(i) ___________________________________________________________

(ii) ___________________________________________________________

5. Diagram 5 shows 10g of common salt is added into a beaker containing 11ml of distilled

water.

Diagram 2

(a) In the above experiment, what is the :

(i) Solvent : ______________________________________________________

(ii) Solute : ______________________________________________________

(b) Give two ways to increase the solubility of common salt in the above diagram.

(i) ______________________________________________________________

(ii) ______________________________________________________________

(c) What type of solution is formed when the distilled water in the beaker will not dissolve

any more common salt?

________________________________________________________________

(d) Give two characteristics of the solution formed in the experiment.

______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(e) What are the factors effecting the solubility of a solute?

(i) ______________________________________________________________

(ii) ______________________________________________________________

(iii) ______________________________________________________________

6. The diagram below shows a simple experiment to investigate the solubility of sugar.

Diagram 6

(a) What are the hypothesis that can be tested?

(i) ______________________________________________________________

(ii) ______________________________________________________________

(b) State the variables in this experiment.

(i) Controlled variable : _____________________________________________

(ii) Manipulated variable : ___________________________________________

(iii) Responding variable : ___________________________________________

(c) Arrange P, Q and R in a descending order based on the rate of dissolving of sugar.

________________________________________________________________

(d) What is the conclusion that can you make from this experiment?

______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(e) What are the other two factors that affect the rate of dissolving a solute?

(i) ______________________________________________________________

(ii) ______________________________________________________________

7. The graph in Diagram 7 shows the solubility of four substances in 100ml of water.

Diagram 7

(a) Which substance increases the most quickly as the temperature increases?

______________________________________________________________________

(b) Which substances have the same solubility at 40°C?

______________________________________________________________________

(c) State the relationship between the solubility of substance and temperature.

______________________________________________________________________

8. An investigation to study the factors affecting the time taken for a Panadol tablet to dissolve

in 20 cm3 of water was carried out by two groups of students, Group X and Group Y. The

following table shows the results of Group X.

Panadol tablet Time taken to dissolve

Whole tablet 35 min

Broken tablet 17 min

Powdered tablet 30s

(a) (i) Which factor did Group X manipulate when they carried out the investigation?

___________________________________________________________________

(ii) Which factor did Group X keep constant?

___________________________________________________________________

(b) What can the students in Group x infer from their observation?

______________________________________________________________________

The following table shows the results of group Y.

Temperature of water (°C) Time taken to dissolve one

whole Panadol tablet

80 15 s

50 28 s

30 35 min

10 78 min

(c) Which factor was manipulated by Group Y?

______________________________________________________________________

(d) What inference can the students make from their observation?

______________________________________________________________________

(e) List the factors that affect the rate of dissolving.

______________________________________________________________________

9. Name the solvent for the following substances by using the terms provided.

(a) Chlorophyll : _______________________________

(b) Lipstick : _______________________________

(c) Rubber : _______________________________

(d) Paint : _______________________________

Benzene Alcohol Turpentine Acetone

1. The diagram shows pictures the some products.

Diagram 1

(a) State the characteristics of the products in G and H in the diagram

G : __________________________________________________________________

H : ___________________________________________________________________

(b)State the changes in colour when a few drops of the following indicators were added to

the products in G and H.

Indicator G H

Damp litmus paper

Hydrogen carbonate

Universal

(c) Name the acid or alkali found in the following substances.

Substance Acid/ Alkali

Vinegar

Grape juice

Yoghurt

Orange

Soap and detergents

Milk of Magnesia

Exercise 5.5

(d)The pH of water in a swimming pool is found to be 7.9.If the ideal pH is 7.6, what should

be added to the water to obtain the ideal pH level? Circle the correct answer.

(e) State three properties of acids and alkalis.

Acid Alkali

2. The diagram below shows two forms of citric acid.

Diagram 2

(a) State the colour change of litmus paper when it is added to the following acid.

(i) Solid citric acid

(a) Blue litmus paper : _________________________________________________

(b) Red litmus paper : _________________________________________________

(ii) Dilute citric acid

(a) Blue litmus paper : ________________________________________________

(b)Red litmus paper : _________________________________________________

(b)What is your inference?

_____________________________________________________________________

Acid Alkali Water

3. Diagram 3 shows pictures of substances P, Q, R and S. Table 1 shows the pH of the substances P, Q, R and S when tested with universal

indicator

Substance P Q R S

pH 9 3 8 2

Table 1

(a) Based on your observation on Diagram 4.1 and Table 4.2 state one property of

substances P, Q, R and S .

P: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Q: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

R: …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

S: …………………………………………………………………………..…………………….

Diagram 3

Milk of magnesia

Orange

Toothpaste

Vinegar

(b) Classify the substances P, Q, R and S into two groups based on their common properties.

Write the names of the substances belonging to each group

4. The following are the experiments to test the properties of acid. Write your observation for

each of these experiments.

Common

property

P, Q, R, and S

Names of

substances

5. A reaction between a diluted hydrochloric acid and a solution of sodium hydroxide is shown

in the diagram.

Diagram 4

(a) Name the process of the reaction.

_____________________________________________________________________

(b) Write the word equation for the above reaction.

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) What is the pH value of the solution in the conical flask at the end of experiment?

_____________________________________________________________________

(d) What is the colour of the universal indicator at the beginning of the experiment?

_____________________________________________________________________

(e)What is the colour of the universal indicator at the end of experiment?

_____________________________________________________________________

(f) Name one application of this concept in our life.

_____________________________________________________________________

6. Diagram 5.1 shows the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

The results of the activity are recorded in Table 2

Change in colour of

universal indicator

Initial Final

Purple M

pH value 9 7

Table 2

(a)(i) State the colour of M.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Name the process that causes this change in colour.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Complete the word equation that shows the reaction.

Dilute hydrochloric acid

Sodium hydroxide solution +

universal indicator

Diagram 5

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium hydroxide +

(b) Diagram 6 shows several substances with different pH values.

(i) Based on Diagram 6, complete the table below by giving one example for each group of substances.

Acidic Alkaline

(ii) What is the pH value of distilled water?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. The experiment below shows the neutralization of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.

Diagram 7

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

lemon apple tomato toothpaste soap

Milk of magnesia

Diagram 6

(a) Name the method used in this experiment.

_____________________________________________________________________

(b) Write a word equation for the above reaction.

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) What is the pH value for the product of this reaction?

_____________________________________________________________________

(d)Give the colour of the neutralized solution if the indicator used is :

(i) A litmus solution - ___________________________________________________

(ii) Methyl orange - ___________________________________________________

(e)Why is the toothpaste used as a neutralizing agent?

_____________________________________________________________________

8. The experiment below is used to investigate the neutralization between sulphuric acid and

sodium hydroxide.

(a) State the variable that :

(i) Is fixed : ____________________________________________________________

(ii) Is manipulated : ______________________________________________________

(iii) Responds : _______________________________________________________

(b) What is the meaning of neutralization?

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) Write a word equation to represent the above neutralization.

_____________________________________________________________________

(d) Name the apparatus used to measure exactly 25 ml of sodium hydroxide solution.

_____________________________________________________________________

Diagram shows the initial and final readings of the burette.

(e) Find the volume of dilute sulphuric acid used.

(f) State the change of colour of the phenolphthalein indicator.

_____________________________________________________________________

(g) What is the conclusion of the experiment?

_____________________________________________________________________

(h) Name the process that can be used to obtain the salt crystals from the final mixture

of neutralization.

_____________________________________________________________________

1. The diagram below show the methods of water purification.

Diagram 1

(a) Name the methods used in :

(i) Apparatus P - ______________________________________________________

(ii) Apparatus Q - _______________________________________________________

(b) What are the two processes involved in Apparatus P?

______________________________________________________________________

(c) Why is the liquid from beaker Q not suitable for drinking?

______________________________________________________________________

(d) What is the end product of the processes in apparatus P?

______________________________________________________________________

(e) Why is the liquid in beaker P not suitable for drinking?

______________________________________________________________________

Exercise 5.6

2. The diagram shows the set-up of an experiment.

Diagram 2

(a) Name the following

(i) X : _________________________________________________________________

(ii) Y : ________________________________________________________________

(b) State three characteristics of liquid Y.

(i) __________________________________________________________________

(ii) __________________________________________________________________

(iii) __________________________________________________________________

(c) State why the water purified with the following methods of water purification is still

unsuitable for human consumption.

(i) Filtration : _________________________________________________________

(ii) Boiling : _________________________________________________________

(iii) Chlorination : _______________________________________________________

(iv) Distillation : _______________________________________________________

3. Diagram 3 shows methods of purification.

…………………………… ……………………………………

Diagram 3

On figure 3, name the method and label the apparatus used for each picture using the following

words.

Filter funnel Thermometer Measuring cylinder

Distillation Round bottom flask Conical flask Filtration

1. Diagram 1 shows the water treatment plant.

Diagram 1

(a)State the function of adding

(i) Lime : ___________________________________________________________

(ii) Alum : ___________________________________________________________

(iii) Chlorine : ________________________________________________________

(iv) Fluoride : ________________________________________________________

2. Diagram 2 shows a water treatment plant.

(a) Name tanks P, Q and R using the following word.

(i) P : _______________________________________________________________

(ii) Q : _______________________________________________________________

(iii) R : _______________________________________________________________

(b) (i) What are added to the water in M and N?

___________________________________________________________________

Exercise 5.7

(ii) Why are these substances added?

___________________________________________________________________

(c) Where does the water from tank S go to?

_____________________________________________________________________

3. Diagram 3 shows the water supply system.

Diagram 3

(a) Based on Diagram 3, identify the parts labeled as

(i) T : _________________________________________________________________

(ii) W : ________________________________________________________________

(b) What are added in tank L?

_____________________________________________________________________

(c) What chemical is added in R, other than chlorine?

_____________________________________________________________________

(d) Based on answer in (c) ,explain the importance of the chemical.

_____________________________________________________________________

4. Diagram 4 shows the process of water treatment.

Diagram 4

(a) Name the process X and Y

X : ___________________________________________________________________

Y : ___________________________________________________________________

(b) Name four natural sources of water that could possibly be stored in reservoir.

(i) __________________________________________________________________

(ii) __________________________________________________________________

(iii) __________________________________________________________________

(iv) __________________________________________________________________

(c) What is the function of alum in process X?

_____________________________________________________________________

exercise chapter 5 sambungan

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