experience gained in mechanical and conventional ...€¦ · aftes conférence "mécanique des...

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Experience Gained in Mechanical and Conventional Excavations in the Gotthard Base Tunnel, Switzerland

Experience Gained in Mechanical and Conventional Excavations in the Gotthard Base Tunnel, Switzerland

AFTES – Conférence 11 Juin 2009Mécanique des roches et tunneliers

AFTES – Conférence 11 Juin 2009Mécanique des roches et tunneliers

Presented by:

M.Sc. Rolf Stadelmann

Amberg Engineering Ltd., Regensdorf, Switzerland

Presented by:

M.Sc. Rolf Stadelmann

Amberg Engineering Ltd., Regensdorf, Switzerland

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT), Geological Longitudinal Profile

m.a.s.l.m.a.s.l.

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

GBT, Alignment and Tunnel Lots

Total length: 57 km

Three intermediate points of attack

Five construction sections

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

GBT, State of Excavations May 1st 2009

Of the total of 153.5 km access passages, shafts and main tunnels 131 km or 85.42 % have already been excavated.

Excavation and lining accomplished

Already excavated tunnels

Tunnels still to be excavated

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Hazard scenarios

Loosening of the ground Detaching of wedges

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Hazard scenarios

Brittle failure, rock burst related phenomena

Rock burst

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Hazard scenarios

Plastic deformation Fault zones

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Construction Section Faido

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido, Cross Cavern, Unexpected Downfall April 2002

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

MFS Faido, Encountered Geology

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Deformation of Steel Support

EinleitungEinleitung

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Deformation of Invert, Destroyed Steel Support

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Flexible Lining Concept

Flexible steelarches

Horizontal slits

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Characteristic Line Method

Character line rock mass

Radial displacement d

Character line support

σ2

σ1

pi

d

σ1

= σ2Equilibrium

Sup

port

Pre

ssur

e P

i Yielding PrincipleResistance Principle

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Example: applied method for Drill & Blast

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Example: applied method for Drill & Blast

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Time dependent deformation behaviour

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tubes, TBM Data

LengthTBM: 26 mBack-up installations: 450 m

TBM Cutter HeadDiameter: 9.43 mShifted: max. 9.53 mWeight: 240 t

DiscsNumber: 66Diameter: 43 cm

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Section Faido, Start of the TBM in Northern Direction

TBM East Tube: July 2007

TBM West Tube: October 2007

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Encountered geology:

subhorizontal layers of Lucomagno Gneiss

A yielding support system

Shotcrete with slits

Yielding steel arches

Rock bolts

is installed

Start East TBM: July 2007

Start West TBM: October 2007

Tunnel Faido: Geology, Support Elements

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

L * L *1 2

ur

pa

DeformationDeformation

Support pressureSupport pressure

Resistance PrincipleResistance PrincipleYielding principleYielding principle

Rock Support Concept

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Yielding Steel Arches

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

- Rock support measures behind cutter head required

- Second possibility only 65 m behind the face

East tube

8-16 rock bolts

Steel arches @ 1m

15 cm shotcrete

Low advance rate of approx 6.5 m/day

Tunnel Faido, Rock Support Concept

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Extension approx. 150m

Overburden approx. 1‘800m

Extensive investigations to explore geological conditions

Four exploratory drillings showed solid Dolomite-Anhydrite-formations and no water pressure

Piora Basin: Triassic deposit of Dolomite in the Gotthard Massif, inserted between Lucomagno Gneiss and Medelser Granite

Additional measures: preventer protected core drillings up to 250 m

Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Preventer:

Shear Preventer

Pipe Ram

Roto Pac

Piora Basin, Preventer

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Exploration - decision tree

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Systematic exploration- Measure of temperature- Tunnel Seismic prediction- Percussion drilling- Protected with preventer

Depending on the resultsexcavation

Additional exploration- Borlog scanning- additional percussion drilling- Core drilling- Protected with preventer

Exploration - decision tree

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

500 m / 450 m / 400 m / 350 m to Piora - Itensify measurements of temperature

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

500 m / 450 m / 400 m / 350 m to Piora - Itensify measurements of temperature

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

500 m / 450 m / 400 m / 350 m to Piora - Itensify measurements of temperature

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

500 m / 450 m / 400 m / 350 m to Piora - Itensify measurements of temperature

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

500 m / 450 m / 400 m / 350 m to Piora- Itensify measurements of temperature

400

300 m to Piora- Additional measurement of temperature- Tunnel seismic prediction

300

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

300

250 m / 200 m / 150 m / 100 m to Piora- Additional measurement of temperature- At 200 m: - tunnel seismic prediction- At 150 m: - overlapping percussion drilling: 50 m- At 100 m: - drillings with Preventer

- tunnel seismic prediction

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

300

200

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

250 m / 200 m / 150 m / 100 m to Piora- Additional measurement of temperature- At 200 m: - tunnel seismic prediction- At 150 m: - overlapping percussion drilling: 50 m- At 100 m: - drillings with Preventer

- tunnel seismic prediction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

300

200

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

250 m / 200 m / 150 m / 100 m to Piora- Additional measurement of temperature- At 200 m: - tunnel seismic prediction- At 150 m: - overlapping percussion drilling: 50 m- At 100 m: - drillings with Preventer

- tunnel seismic prediction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

300

200

100

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

250 m / 200 m / 150 m / 100 m to Piora- Additional measurement of temperature- At 200 m: - tunnel seismic prediction- At 150 m: - overlapping percussion drilling: 50 m- At 100 m: - drillings with Preventer

- tunnel seismic prediction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

134.

969

500

400

300

200

100

50 m to Piora (Tkm 135.019)- Additional measurements of temperature- Intended stop- Core drilling through Piora

Exploration – approach of Piora Basin

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora – possible hazardsLocal decomposition into sand

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora – possible hazardsAction plan

(E6) Collapse- Backfill cavity

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora – possible hazardsAction plan

(E6) Collapse- Backfill cavity- forepoling (M3)

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora – possible hazardsAction plan

(E6) Collapse- Backfill cavity- forepoling (M3)- Grouting (M1, M2)- Grouting gallery (U1, U2)

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

(E6) Collapse- Backfill cavity- forepoling (M3)- Grouting (M1, M2)- Grouting gallery (U1, U2)

Piora – possible hazardsAction plan

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Piora Basin, Excavation

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Damages at Crown and Invert

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Problems TBM Heading

Shotcrete cracks (support includes 6m SN M33, TH 36, 40 cm SC2)

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Shotcrete cracking invert

Deformed steel arches

Problems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Section L1 to operators standBereich Tm 18435 – 18450, Tkm 238‘375 – 238‘360

07.01.2008

08.01.2008

08.01.2008

Problems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Bereich Tm 18435 – 18450, Tkm 238‘375 – 238‘360

07.01.2008

07.01.2008

07.01.2008

Section L1 to operators standProblems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Section L2: Drilling rigProblems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Section L2: Shotcrete robotProblems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Intact rock bolts SN M33 L=4m

Problems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Damages InvertBereich Tm 18370 - 18385, Tkm 238‘440 – 238‘425

08.01.2008

08.01.2008

08.01.2008

08.01.2008

Problems TBM Heading

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

TM 18408

TM 18369

Problem with the clearance profile up to 70 cm

Problems TBM Heading at the invert

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Failure Mechanisms, Load of Rock Support

LooseningBucklingBrittle failure(shear off)Lateral Pressure

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Pi

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Content

3.2 TBM Heading in the Single-Track Tunnels

3.3 TBM Heading Piora Basin

2. Hazard scenarios

1. Gotthard Base Tunnel, Introduction

3. Construction Section Faido

3.1 Multifunctional Station (MFS) Faido

4. Problems encountered during TBM heading

5. Interaction between two tubes

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

FLAC (Version 5.00)

LEGEND

10-Jan-08 14:14 step 11517 -6.752E+01 <x< 6.494E+01 -6.366E+01 <y< 6.880E+01

Boundary plot

0 2E 1

YY-stress contours -7.00E+07 -6.00E+07 -5.00E+07 -4.00E+07 -3.00E+07 -2.00E+07 -1.00E+07 0.00E+00

Contour interval= 1.00E+07

-5.000

-3.000

-1.000

1.000

3.000

5.000

(*10^1)

-5.000 -3.000 -1.000 1.000 3.000 5.000(*10^1)

JOB TITLE : Fels E pi=0: Ausbruch Weströhre, Vertikalspannungen

Amberg Engineering LtD. Zuerich, Switzerland

Heading interaction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

FLAC (Version 5.00)

LEGEND

10-Jan-08 14:14 step 11517 HISTORY PLOT Y-axis : 15 Y displacement( 82, 135) 16 Y displacement( 1, 45) X-axis :Number of steps

2 4 6 8 10

(10 ) 03

-6.000

-4.000

-2.000

0.000

2.000

4.000

(10 )-01

JOB TITLE : Fels E pi=0: Ausbruch Weströhre, Deformationen

Amberg Engineering LtD. Zuerich, Switzerland

Increasing displacements in first tube due to excavation of 2nd tube

Def. West > Ost

Heading interaction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

FLAC (Version 5.00)

LEGEND

10-Jan-08 14:14 step 11517 -5.692E+01 <x< 5.330E+01 -5.366E+01 <y< 5.655E+01

Boundary plot

0 2E 1

Plasticity Indicator* at yield in shear or vol.X elastic, at yield in pasto at yield in tension

-4.000

-2.000

0.000

2.000

4.000

(*10^1)

-4.000 -2.000 0.000 2.000 4.000(*10 1̂)

JOB TITLE : Fels E pi=0: Ausbruch Weströhre, plastische Zonen

Amberg Engineering LtD. Zuerich, Switzerland

Heading interaction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

FLAC (Version 5.00)

LEGEND

9-Jan-08 14:48 step 11573 -3.687E+01 <x< 3.573E+01 -3.751E+01 <y< 3.509E+01

Boundary plot

0 2E 1

Plasticity Indicator* at yield in shear or vol.X elastic, at yield in past

-3.000

-2.000

-1.000

0.000

1.000

2.000

3.000

(*10 1̂)

-3.000 -2.000 -1.000 0.000 1.000 2.000 3.000(*10 1̂)

JOB TITLE : Fels D pi=0: plastische Zonen

Amberg Engineering LtD. Zuerich, Switzerland

Heading interaction

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

TBM-Ost Firstsetzungen(Firstisochronen)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1825018300183501840018450185001855018600186501870018750188001885018900189501900019050191001915019200

TBM-Ost Tunnelmeter

Firs

tset

zugn

en (m

m)

- nu

r ver

tikal

Nullmessung Folgemessung 1 Folgemessung 2 Folgemessung 3 Folgemessung 4 Folgemessung 5

Folgemessung 6 Folgemessung 7 Folgemessung 8 Folgemessung 9 Folgemessung 10 Folgemessung 11

Folgemessung 12 Folgemessung 13 Folgemessung 14 Maximum amSteuerstand

NL Folgemessung 1 NL Folgemessung 2

NL Folgemessung 3 NL Folgemessung 4 NL Folgemessung 5 NL gesamt West Folgemessung 1 West Folgemessung 2

West Folgemessung 3 West Folgemessung 4 West gesamt

Einfluss aus Vorbeifahrt

TBM-WestStand TBM-West in Tm-Ost: Tm 18505

Heading interactionConvergence Measurements

AFTES Conférence "Mécanique des Roches et Tunneliers", Paris le 11 Juin 2009

Engineering Joint Venture Gotthard Base Tunnel South

Merci beaucoup pour

votre attention!