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Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. 1 Copyright © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights
reserved. 1 1 Copyright © 2008 Prentice-Hall. All rights reserved. Committed to Shaping the Next Generation of IT Experts.
Exploring Microsoft
Office Excel 2007
Chapter 5
Data to Information
Robert Grauer, Keith Mulbery, Judy Scheeren
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Design Tables Based on Data
Table Theory
A poorly designed table may result in flawed
analysis
Plan the elements of a data table
Who will use the data table
What types of reports will be produced
What types of searches might be done
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Import Data From Text Files and
Other Sources
Importing is the process of inserting data
from another application
Data may be in an Access database, in a text
file format, or stored on a mainframe
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Import Data From Text Files
and Other Sources
Text file data is often imported into Excel for use
in a spreadsheet
Text files are made up of letters, digits, and
punctuation, including spaces
Comma Separated Value (CSV) files contain
fields separated by commas and rows separated
by a newline character
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Import Data From Text Files and
Other Sources
Both text and CSV formatted files are used to exchange data between different applications
A delimiter is a character used to separate one column from another in a text file
The most common delimiters in a text file are commas or tabs
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Import Data From Text Files and
Other Sources
This figure shows comma delimited text file before and after
being imported into an Excel worksheet
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Import Data From Text Files and
Other Sources
Often necessary to import an Access database into
Excel to analyze the data in more detail
Access databases may be imported in three ways:
as a table, as a PivotTable Report, or as a
PivotChart
When importing an Access database into Excel
maintain a live connection to the data
Changes in the Excel spreadsheet automatically updates
the database
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Import Data From Text Files and
Other Sources
Data can be imported from sources other
than text files and Access databases
The From Other Sources command on the
Get External Data group lists several types
of sources
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Conditional formatting is used to apply
specific formats automatically to cells that
contain particular values or content
Use to highlight interesting cells or ranges of
cells, emphasize unusual or duplicate values,
or visualize data
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Conditional formatting options include:
Highlight Cell Rules
Top/Bottom Rules
Data Bars
Color Scales
Icon Sets
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Data bars are gradient colored bars that help
you visualize the value of a cell relative to other
cells
Used when identifying high and low values in
large amounts of data
Most useful when working with a big range of
values
More effective with wider columns than narrow
columns
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Apply Conditional Formatting
A longer bar represents a
higher value
A shorter bar
represents a lower
value
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Color scales formats cells with different colors based on the relative value of a cell compared to other adjacent cells
Using a two-color scale, the shade of the color represents higher or lower values
Using a three-color scale, the shade of the color represents the high, middle, or lower values
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Color Scales
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Icon sets are little graphics or symbols that display in cells
Used to classify data into three to five categories, based on the contents of the cells
Each icon represents a range of values
The icons are effective when you want to annotate or present data that is quickly readable and understandable
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Icon sets
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Apply Conditional Formatting
To apply a conditional format:
Select the cells
Click Conditional Formatting in the Styles group
on the Home tab
Select the specific conditional formatting style you
want to apply
Clear conditional formatting from an entire
sheet or from a range or cells, a table, or a
PivotTable
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Apply Conditional Formatting
Use either Quick Formatting or Advanced
Formatting
Quick Formatting uses the options in Conditional
Formatting in the Styles group on the Home tab
For advanced formatting use the Conditional
Formatting Rules Manager dialog box
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Apply Conditional Formatting
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
Data becomes more useful and important
when it is organized or sorted
Volume of data can be reduced by selecting
a subset that meets the specific conditions
Data that is sorted and extracted using
specific conditions make it meaningful
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods – Four techniques.
Sort:
by cell attributes
Filter
Filter records based on cell attributes
Filter data by using predefined number filters
Create custom filters by using a combination of
different number filters
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
A criteria range is an area separate from the data
table and specifies the conditions used to filter the
table
Independent of the table
Exists as a separate area on a worksheet
Must be at least two rows deep and one column wide
The first row contains the field names as they appear in the
table
The second row contains the conditions or values you are
looking for
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
A relational operator is a symbol that is
used to compare cell contents to another cell
or value
Relational operators include <, >, <=, >=, <>, and
=
Use equal (=) and unequal (<>) symbols to select
records with empty and nonempty fields,
respectively
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
Relational operator
used to set criteria
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
Use the Top 10 AutoFilter option to see the
top or bottom 10 records in a list (that is,
table)
You can also specify a percentage such as
the top 10% of the records in a list (table)
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
The Advanced command displays the
Advanced Filter dialog box
Enables you to filter the table in place
Copy the selected records to another area in the
worksheet
Specify the list range
Specify the criteria range
Display unique records only
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Apply Advanced Filtering and Sort
Methods
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Create and Use Range Names
A range name is a word or string of
characters that represents cell, range of cells,
or constant value
Use the name to reference cells in formulas
and functions
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Create and Use Range Names
A name can be used in any formula or
function instead of cell addresses
Names used in formulas are absolute references
Range names must be unique within a
workbook
Formulas Name Manager New .
Then, fill in the name you like and close.
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Create and Use Range Names
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Create and Use Range Names
Use the Name Manager dialog box to edit existing range
names, Delete existing range names, and create new range
names
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Create and use Range Names
Using range names in formulas is helpful
when you need to create formulas that
reference a cell or a range of cells on a
different worksheet
Because the range name creates an absolute
reference to a cell or range of cells, the
range-name reference in a formula is
absolute
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Using Database Functions
The database functions analyze data for selected
records in a table
affect only records that satisfy the specified criteria
similar to statistical functions (SUM, AVERAGE, MAX, MIN,
COUNT)
return a value and save you time
use a criteria range that defines the search parameters
Using range names can simplify the construction of
database functions
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Using Database Functions
Database functions have three arguments:
Database -- the entire table, including column
headings and all columns, on which the function
operates
Field -- the column in the database that contains
the values operated on by the function
Criteria -- defines the conditions to be met by the
function
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Using Database Functions
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Using Database Functions
DSUM -- Calculates the total of values in a field that meets the specified condition(s)
DAVERAGE -- Determines the mathematical average of values in a field that meets the specified condition(s)
DMAX -- Identifies the largest value in a field that meets the specified condition(s)
DMIN -- Identifies the smallest value in a field that meets the specified condition(s)
DCOUNT -- Counts the number of records for a field that meets the specified condition(s)
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Using Database Functions
DCOUNTA -- Counts the number of records that contain values (nonblank) in a field that meets the specified conditions
DPRODUCT -- Multiplies the values within a field that meets the specified condition(s)
DSTDEV -- Calculates the standard deviation for values in a field that meets the specified condition(s)
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Create and Delete PivotTables and
PivotCharts
A PivotTable is a way to quickly summarize large amounts of data by:
Querying large amounts of data in user-friendly ways
Subtotaling numeric data, summarizing data, and creating custom calculations
Expanding and collapsing levels of data to facilitate focusing
Pivoting or moving rows to columns or columns to rows to see different summaries of data
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Create and Delete PivotTables and
PivotCharts
A PivotChart is a graphical representation of
data in a PivotTable
enables you to visually present the data in a
report
always has an associated PivotTable that has a
corresponding layout
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Create and Delete PivotTables and
PivotCharts
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Create and delete PivotTables and
PivotCharts
First, think about the design of the data table itself
Use meaningful column headings, accurate data, and most important do not leave any blank rows in your data table
One column must have duplicate values to create categories for organizing and summarizing data
Another column must have numeric values
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Create and delete PivotTables and
PivotCharts
The PivotTable Field List window is used to add, remove or rearrange fields to a PivotTable or a PivotChart
Displays two sections:
A field section at the top shows fields from an external data source and is used to add or remove fields
A layout section at the bottom is used to arrange and reposition fields
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Create and Delete PivotTables and
PivotCharts
To design the PivotTable:
Create a Table, enter some data, and select some part of
it.
Click Insert PivotTable PivotTable
Select (Tick) Existing Worksheet, and select some range
on the Worksheet. (Pivot report will be created here.)
PivotTable(skeletal structure) is created.
Goto PivotTable Field List.
To choose fields to add to report:
Right click on any field, and select any option. You will see that the
PivotTable is accordingly populated.
Repeat the above step with other fields as well (if desired).
PivotTable report is now ready.
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