explosive cladding around obstacles erik carton phd epnm 2012, strasbourg
Post on 13-Jan-2016
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ITER being build at Caderache, France
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Major Radius 6.2mPlasma Minor Radius 2.0mPlasma Volume 840m3
Plasma facing wall 850 m2
PFW materials Be, W, C/CPlasma Current 15.0MAToroidal Field on Axis 5.3TFusion Power 500MWPower Amplification >10
Components that can be made using explosive processing
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Vacuum Vessel parts (VV)60 mm thick stainless steel 316 L (IG)
Plasma facing wall and divertorBe and W on Cu (alloy) and Stainless steel
Triangular supportCu (pure) on Stainless steel (316 IG)
Autodyn 2D simulation of cladding around obstacle; Virtual VoD behind obstacle
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150 200 250 300 350 400 450
r (mm)
Def
f (km
/s)
Potential solutions
• Reduce reflection using low impedance coating on stub-key
• Line initiation from the obstacle periphery
• Bi-layer explosive behind obstacle
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Simulation of detonation around an obstacleAutodyn 2D VoD = 3 km/s and 7 km/s
Sin α = Dclad/Ddetonation cord
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α
α
Simulation of detonation around an obstacleAutodyn 2D VoD clad = 3 km/s
VoD cord = 7 km/s
Ratio = 0.43
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Line initiation from the obstacle peripheryExperimental set-up
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VoD clad = 3.6 km/sVoD cord = 7 km/sRatio = 0.5
Cladding around 3 obstaclesExperimental set-up using powder explosives
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Detonation cord D=7 km/sPowder explosive D=5.5 km/s
Cladding explosive D=2.2 km/s
Bi-layer explosive behind the obstacleExperimental result using 5.5 km/s powder explosive
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VoD clad = 2.2 km/sVoD powd = 5.5 km/sRatio = 0.4
Conclusions
• Cladding around one (or more) obstacle is possible
• Solution 1: Line initiation (radial detonation from the obstacle)
• Real line initiations are not easily obtained
• Solution 2: Bi-layer explosive
• Best for round obstacles
• Minimizes detached zone area
• Enables multiple obstacle passage!
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