expt-5 &8
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EXPERIMENT-8
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENTOPAMP as a summing amplifier and differentiator.
OBJECTIVEI. OPAMP used as summer circuit.
II. OPAMP used as differentiator circuit.
III. Trace the output for sine square and triangular input of the
differentiator circuit.
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
SL NO. COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1 UNIVERSAL TRAINER KIT MICRO LAB-II 1 no.
2 DC REGULATOR POWER
SUPPLY
(0-30V) 1 no.
3 CRO (0-20MHz) 1 no.4 FUNCTION GENERATOR (0-1MHz) 1 no.
5 OPAMP LM-741 1 no.
6 RESISTER 1K
10K,4.7K
4 nos.
1no.(each)
7
8
CAPACITOR
CONNECTING WIRES
0.001uF
23 SWG
1 no.
AS PER REQ.
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THEORY
The summing amplifier
adds several signals together.
the currents in these resistors
I1 = V1 / R1;
I2 = V2 / R2;
I3 = V3 / R3;
According to Kirchoffs law,
we get
I = I1 + I2 + I3
the output becomesVo = -RF x I.
=- RF ( V1 / R1 + V2R2 + V3 / R3)
= - ( V1 RF / R1 + V2 RF /
R2 + V3 RF/ R3 )
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Op-amp as a Differentiator Circuit
The current, i flowing through the capacitorwill be given as:
The charge on the capacitor equals toCapacitance x Voltage across the capacitorQ=C X
The rate of change of this charge is
but dQ/dt is the capacitor current I
from which we have an ideal voltageoutput for the op-amp differentiator isgiven as:
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
(OP-AMP AS SUMMER CIRCUIT)
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(OP-AMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR CIRCUIT)
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PROCEDURE
FOR OPAMP AS SUMMERI. Connect the circuit as per
the circuit diagram.
II. Give the input voltage
V1,V2 and V3 as specified inthe circuit diagram.
III. Measure the output voltage
using multimeter.
IV. Calculate the theoreticaloutput voltage.
V. Find out the % error.
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FOR OPAMP AS DIFFERENTIATOR
I. Connect the circuit asper the circuit diagram.
II. Apply sinusoidal,square
and triangular signal of
1 volt,1 kHz at the inputof the circuit.
III. Measure the input
voltage and output
voltage.IV. Trace the input and
output waveforms.
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SINE WAVE
SQUARE WAVE
TRIANGULAR WAVE
COSINE WAVE
SPIKE WAVE
SQUARE WAVE
OBSERVATION
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PRECAUTION
Short circuit should be avoided.
Handle the materials carefully.CONCLUSION
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EXPERIMENT-5
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
Diode as a clipper and clamper circuit.
OBJECTIVE
I. To observe the clipping circuit output waveforms in different
clipping configuration.
II. To observe the clamping circuit output waveforms in +ve
clamping and ve clamping configuration.
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
SL NO COMPONENTS SPECIFICATION QUANTITY
1 UNIVERSAL TRAINER KIT MICRO LAB-II 1 no.
2 FUNCTION GENERATOR (0-1MHz) 1 no.
3 CRO (0-20MHz) 1 no.
4 DC POWER SUPPLY (0-30V) 1 no.
5 CRO PROBES 2 nos.
6 DIODE 1N4007 2 nos.
7 RESISTER 1K,10K 1 no. each
8 CAPACITORS 0.1uF 1 no.
9 CONNECTING WIRES 23 SWG AS PER REQ.
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PROCEDURE
Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.
Set the input voltage signal voltage 5 Volts and frequency1KHz using function generator.
Observe the input and output signal using CRO in DC mode.
Trace and measure the input and output waveforms.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND WAVEFORMS
CLIPPER CIRCUIT 1 CLIPPER CIRCUIT 2 (-ve PARALLEL CLIPPER)
Vin(volt) Vin(volt)
Vout(volt)
Vout(volt)
+5V
-5V
-5V
2.7V-2.7V
-5V
+5V
+5V
INPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUITINPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT
OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT 1 OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT2
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CLIPPER CIRCUIT 5(COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT)
+5V
-5VVin(volt)
Vout(volt)
INPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT
OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR CLIPPER CIRCUIT5
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF +ve CLAMPER CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF -ve CLAMPER
+5V-5V
0.7V-4.3V-9.3V9.3V4.3V
-0.7V
Vin(volt)
Vout(volt)
Vout(volt)
INPUT SIGNAL FOR CLAMPER CIRCUIT
OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR A +VE CLAMPER CIRCUIT
OUTPUT SIGNAL FOR A -VE CLAMPER CIRCUIT
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OBSERVATION
SL NO. TYPE OF CLIPPER/CLAMPER
CIRCUIT
INPUT VOLTAGE OUTPUT VOLTAGE
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PRECAUTION
Short circuit should be avoided.
Handle the materials carefully.
CONCLUSION
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