extending the record of fish regime change using fish assemblages from peruvian archaeological sites...

Extending the record of fish regime change using fish

assemblages from Peruvian archaeological sites

Dan Sandweiss

University of Maine

November 2003

From Anchovies to Sardines and Back:Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean

Francisco P. Chavez, John Ryan, Salvador E. Lluch-Cota,Miguel Ñiquen C.

Science 299, 217 (2003)

From the Abstract:“In the Pacific Ocean, air and ocean temperatures, atmosphericcarbon dioxide, landings of anchovies and sardines, and theproductivity of coastal and open ocean ecosystems have variedover periods of about 50 years. In the mid-1970s, the Pacific changed from a cool ‘anchovy regime’ to a warm ‘sardine regime.’ A shift back to an anchovy regime occurred in the middle to late 1990s.”

Lo DemásInka Periodfishing site 200 kmsouth of Lima, PeruOccupied ca. 1480-1540 A.D.

The Inka EmpireBegan ca. 1440 A.D.Conquered Chincha ca. 1479 A.D.Fell to Spaniards 1532 A.D.

(Lo Demás)

Machu Picchu

1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100

cal AD

1480 1540

1 sigma calibrated range

Sector IV

Sector I

Lo Demás: Sector IChronological data

Lo Demás Airphoto1942

Courtesy:Servicio Aerofotográfico

Nacional del Perú

El CumbeCemeteryB

Photoview

Lo Demás Sector I