external doors and windows

Budapest University of Technology and Economics

Faculty of Architecture Engineering

Department of Building Constructions

Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

www.epszerk.bme.hu

2016.

External doors and windows

Windows, glazed surfaces are determinative elements of facades

External wall quality specified by products and their relations

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

• stability, mechanical strength

• fire protection

• noise and vibration protection

• safety and barrier free solutions

• life and wealth protection

• energy saving and heat protection

• health and environment protection

• sustainable consumption of natural resources

Hungarian Regulation: OTÉK 253/1997. (XII.20.) recast 211/2012. (VII.30.)

50 § (3)

COMPLEXITY OF BUILDING REQUIREMENTS

Each requirements must be fulfilled together at the same time.

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Thermal insulated solid wall, thickness: 40-50 cm Window: thickness: 6-8 cm

Basic functional requirements are the same for solid walls and windows,

But their thickness is different(plus lighting and opening function…)

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

20/2014 BM regulation :u= 1,15 W/m2K*

3 layers glazing, …

Lighting – filtration – thermal insulation – sound insulation

7/2006 TNM regulation:u= 1,6 W/m2K *

4-16-4 (low-e), ug=1,1

* Glazing and frame

TRANSPARENT UP TO DATE CONSTRUCTIONS

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Reisch Richard

2 layers thermal

insulating glazing

low-e covering on

internal side

ug = 0,9 W/m2K

Glazing – better thermal insulation quality:

saint-gobain-glass.com

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Reisch Richard

TRANSPARENT UP TO DATE CONSTRUCTIONS

4 mm glass

20 mm spacer

1.6 mm glass

20 mm spacer

1.6 mm glass

20 mm spacer

4 mm glass

ug = 0,3 W/m2K

Heavy, 4 layers glazing:

Glazing – better thermal insulation quality –more layers:

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Reisch Richard

TRANSPARENT UP TO DATE CONSTRUCTIONS

ug = 0,4 W/m2K

3 layers glazing with internal specific transparent layer

Glazing – better thermal insulation quality – new materials:

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Reisch Richard

TRANSPARENT UP TO DATE CONSTRUCTIONS

• Ag .U : Glazing

• Frame

• Cold bridge in between glazing and frame

Calculation method of window heat transmission coefficient Uw (k) (W/m²K)

Complexity of evaluation and installation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

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TRANSPARENT UP TO DATE CONSTRUCTIONS

Lighting – filtration – thermal insulation – sound insulation

Light is a key

component of the

built environment.

It is a key factor in

dictating the

appearance and

functionality of a

building and its

surrounding

landscape.

HEAT GAIN – energy consumption, shading

TRANSPARENT CONSTRUCTIONS

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Determined by

shape, orientation, surroundings,

situation, function

LIGHT AND HEAT GAIN

TRANSPARENT CONSTRUCTIONS

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Wind patterns around a

building - related problems:

wind pressure, natural

ventilation, air infiltration,

driving rain, smoke distribution,

energy consumption of building,

street comfort, air change, air

pollution in urban spaces.

FILTRATION – fresh air –energy consumption -condensation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

WINDOWS AND DOORS INSTALLATION

WINDOWS AND DOORS INSTALLATION

GAPS IN BETWEEN

Wall and window frame

Window frame and sash

PROBLEMS

Condensation

Thermal insulation

Sound insulation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

WINDOWS AND DOORS INSTALLATION

Continuity of thermal insulation

Problem of water protection

WINDOWS AND DOORS INSTALLATION

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

IMPACTS DEPEND ON SHAPE

SAME CLIMATE – SAME EFFECT

DIFFERENT WATER IMPACT

WET EXPOSURE

rain

Taubman College at the University of Michigan

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D

Structural problems due to non appropriate or

too complicated connection of elements

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Traditional window application – double block frame

soffit

ADVANTAGES…….

DISADVANTAGES………

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

19

Timber window frame

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

1. Window frame

2. Fixation

3. Plaster

4. Thermal insulation

5. Water sealing

6. Cover batten

7. Vapor sealing

PLAIN COORDINATION – position of window frame

„negative soffit”

„thicker wall cladding -

wider window sill”

continuity of insulation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Vapor sealing

Water sealing

Edge profile

sealing system:

Soffit by facade thermal insulation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

PVC window frame

1. Water sealing

2. Fixation

3. Vapor sealing

4. Plastering

5. Thermal insulation

6. Facade insulation

Complex evaluation

Continuity of insulation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

GLAZED CONSTRUCTION ON THE EXTERNAL SIDE OF FACADE

„ functional interactions” - vapour and water tightness etc.

Multilayer-single skin wall (ETICS) Double skin wall

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Window on external surface- ETICS multilayer single skin wall

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Steel dummy frame

Vapor sealing

XI./B.

Partial steel dummy frame fixed on the r.c. wall

Positioning at window frame

Continuous steel dummy frame fixed on the window frame

Positioning by oval mortises+ wedging

Importance of DUMMY FRAME

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Glazed construction in double skin ventilated external wall

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

Water protection membrane

Steel dummy frame

Tightness on external and on internal surface, continuity of thermal insulation

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

28

Satisfaction of whole complexity of requirements by SYSTEM

methodology

Design tasks:

Fastening – parallel (dead loads) and

– perpendicular to surface (wind, operation loads)

• Positioning (dimension tolerance, fastening)

• Thermal insulation continuity

• Vapour and air tightness on internal surface

• Sound insulation (dummy frame position, sealing)

• Precipitation keeping out – wind driven rain on external surface

– condensation water

• Internal edging, breastwork

• External edging, window sill

• Accessories (operation, hardware, hinge, shading

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

1. Complex integration of external glazed structures by architect

2. Evaluation by performance based, system methodology

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Gergely Dobszay Ph.D

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

zsfulop@epsz.bme.hu

BME Department of Building Constructions 2016. Zsuzsanna Fülöp Ph.D