extremes of xml
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Extremes of XMLPhilip Fennell
XML London 2013Extremes of XML
XML – meta language…
XML London 2013Extremes of XML
describes other languages
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is phenomenally successfulis phenomenally successful
Extremes of XML
XML London 2013Extremes of XML
every information domain imaginable
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some are indeed sublime
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some are, shall we say… esoteric
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XML, a lingua franca for the web
XML London 2013Extremes of XML
XML grew out of SGML
XML London 2013Extremes of XML
early applications hinted at diversity
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reflecting upon the nature of XML
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XML sharing the stage with JSON
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15 years of activity
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six application categories:
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DescribingModeling
ProcessingPublishingInteractingPresenting
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what is fascinating is…
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not how much…
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or how fast…
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but the breadth of application
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the XML Envelope
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introspection is often fruitful
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should turn our attention outwards
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towards the edges of the envelope
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pushing the boundaries of XML
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Describing
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is not an edge case, it’s the centre
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Modeling
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captures how we model a domain
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edge of current data modeling lies the Semantic Web
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the boundary between XML and the Semantic Web is blurred
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a mixed and, it should be said, confused relationship
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XML - a singular standard
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Semantic Web has managed to adopt at least four
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RDF/XML has posed a problem…
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it’s not a markup language
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transform it with XSLT
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but don’t query it with XQuery
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XML in the Semantic Web is becoming sidelined
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XML content does still intersect with the Semantic Web
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metadata could, and should, be modeled as
RDF Linked Data
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RDB to RDF Mapping Language for Relational Data Model
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what about SPARQL over XML?
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schema lifting and lowering
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lowering lifting
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describes the process of mapping schemas to RDF ontologies
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Semantic Web Annotations for WSDL and XML Schema (SAWSDL)
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<xs:complexType name="entryType"> <xs:annotation> <xs:appinfo> <sawsdl:modelReference href="http://bblfish.net/work/atom-owl/2006-06-06/#Entry"/> </xs:appinfo> <xs:documentation> The Atom entry... </xs:documentation> </xs:annotation> ... </xs:complexType>
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how to utilise these annotations to map from a document tree to a graph?
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Type Introspection in XQueryMary Holstege, Balisage 2012
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(: Get the model reference annotations for a complex type. :)$contextNode/sc:complex-type() !
sc:annotations()//sawsdl:modelReference/@href/string()
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<!– Class definition. --><owl:Class rdf:about=http://bblfish.net/work/atom-owl/2006-06-06/#Entry> <rdfs:label xml:lang="en">Entry Class</rdfschema:label> <rdfs:comment xml:lang="en">see 4.1.2 of the rfc 4287</rdfs:comment> …</owl:Class>
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<!-- Source Atom XML Fragment. --><entry> <title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title> …</entry>
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# Triple from the shadow graph (Turtle).@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix awol: <http://bblfish.net/work/atom-owl/2006-06-06/#> .
[ a awol:Entry ] .
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it has uses beyond the domain of web services
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to build a 'shadow' graph index via the mapping rules
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seamlessly mix XQuery and SPARQLover the same content
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a world that's throwing itself at the notion of schemaless databases
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where better should we do such a thing than in declarative languages
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Processing
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many processes can been seen as a series of transformations
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static content and application state
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application's data structures are a snapshot of its current state
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crossing the line from passive state representation to active state manipulation
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XProc succeeds as a mechanism for orchestrating sequences of XML processing steps
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useful aspect of XProc is it’s ability to create domain-specific languages
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manipulate the configuration of an application
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<admin:get-configuration/>
<admin:forest-create forest-name="forest1" host-id="hp6910-772" data-directory=""/>
<admin:database-create ml-database-name="data" security-db="Security" schema-db="Schemas"/>
<admin:save-configuration-without-restart/>
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application configuration can be viewed as a pipeline of instructions
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source input as the current state…
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a set of actions that reconfigure
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an instruction to commit the changes…
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sets of changes can themselves be composed into compound actions
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<mla:create-database database="data" schema-db="Schemas" security-db="Security"> <p:input port="forests"> <p:inline> <mla:forests> <mla:forest name="forest1" host="hp6910-772" data-dir=""/> </mla:forests> </p:inline> </p:input></mla:create-database>
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the composing of XProc processing steps is an incredibly powerful tool
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define your own steps and abstractions
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applications outside of XProc’s originally intended domains
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Publishing
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publishing content appears to be reasonably straightforward
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the separation of concerns tells us to keep
the markup of content free from presentation and layout
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to take publishing in an intriguing direction –
the Document Description Format
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a framework that looks at documents as functions over a dataset
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getting data to the point of consumption in
a manner tailored to the recipient
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consume many and varied sources of information
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transform them to a common structure and apply presentation and layout
constraints
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build flexible page layouts that adapt to variability in the source data
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data bindingcommon structure
presentation
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DDF's main design decision was to 'consider the document as a function of some variable data'
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when the document is evaluated, data is transformed into a common structure
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from which a view can be generated for presentation
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embedding XSLT syntax and semantics provides the mechanism for transformation
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partial evaluation is also possible, where theprocessing results in new transformations
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another aspect of DDF that is worth noting is the presentation system
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going beyond simple flows, DDF supports constraints between components
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with so much more and varied data, we need a new direction in document delivery
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Interacting
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mixed success for XML in user interaction
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XForms has grown enthusiasm with the rise of native XML databases
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there's another area of interaction, that goes beyond conventional form filling…
Animation!
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Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language SMIL :)
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has a whole subset of its extensive specification set aside for animation
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SMIL Animation has, historically, been tied to its host document types
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SMILHTML+Time
SVG
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with the advent of SMIL Timesheetsthat dependency was broken
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orchestrate animation in a web page,orchestrate steps in a workflow
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the order of execution of XProc pipelines is not limited to being sequential…
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allowing the possibility of asynchronous step processing
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with SMIL Timesheets it is conceivable that you can define the orchestration of
step execution in a pipeline
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<p:pipeinfo> <smil:timesheet xmlns:smil="http://www.w3.org/ns/SMIL30"> <smil:par> <smil:item select="#service1" begin="term-aggregation.begin" dur="30s"/> <smil:item select="#service2" begin="term-aggregation.begin" dur="30s"/> <smil:item select="#service3" begin="term-aggregation.begin" dur="30s"/> </smil:par> </smil:timesheet></p:pipeinfo>
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<terms:get xml:id="service1" name="OpenCalais" href="http://opencalais.com/"/> <p:sink/>
<terms:get xml:id="service2" name="MetaCarta" href="http://www.metacarta.com/"/> <p:sink/>
<terms:get xml:id="service3" name="Yahoo" href="http://search.yahooapis.com/"/> <p:sink/>
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putting together unrelated applications of XML can extend their respective usefulness
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Presenting
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the final step from information to presentation is the conversion of text, values and graphics…
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into a visual representation, a rasterization of shapes for display or printed media
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SVG is on the ascendant again!
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whilst X3D never hit the prime time
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experts at Pixar, who brought us Toy Story, developed a 3D image rendering architecture called Reyes
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Reyes defines a processing pipeline that
applies a series of transforms to
graphics primitives
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so they can be more easily processed for visibility, depth, colour and texture
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what has this to do with XML?
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at the edge of the XML envelope is the boundary between text and binary formats
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when XSLT 2.0 came along it introduced the concept of sequences
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a rasterized image is just one long sequence of integer values with some header info
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push the boundaries of the XML envelope still further…
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implement the Reyes rendering pipeline and a TIFF encoder with XSLT
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created from a simple SVG graphic
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where all the rectangles are sub-divided into pixel sized micro-polygons
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depth sorting, transparency, colour and sampling calculations
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finally encoded according to the TIFF format
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serialized as a Base64 encoded file
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this example is somewhat extreme as it is highly questionable if XSLT is the right technology
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however, it was surprisingly straight forward to implement with XSLT
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XSLT provides the transformation tools and XML provides the representation
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Overlapping Edges
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in the XML Envelope there is no clear dividing line between categories
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all the categories require description
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modeling relies upon processing
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publishing utilises processing
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interaction could drive processing
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presentation is the product of processing
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much has been accomplished over the last 15 years
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robust tools, techniques and design patterns
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XML does not have any hard and fast limits to its application
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there are many more applications to which XML and its attendant technologies can be put..
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than we might have originally imagined.
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Questions?
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Thank you
Extremes of XML
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