factors influencing secondary schools teachers in … · 2011-05-28 · kenyan secondary schools...

FACTORS INFLUENCING SECONDARY

SCHOOLS TEACHERS IN UGANDA AND KENYA TO USE COMPUTERS FOR ACADEMIC

PURPOSES

DR. CHRISTOPHER M. GAKUU

SENIOR LECTURER,

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI

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OUTLINE

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Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

�Objective of the study

�Context

�Methodology

� Results

�Conclusion and recommendations

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Context

� It is well acknowledged that education is a prerequisite for achieving developmental goals globally. secondary schools have ICT facilities.

� It is not yet scientifically established how the ICT facilities are used for effective instructional purposes.

� Dichotomy of physical presence and the Pedagogical integration of ICT in teaching.

�Question: Are ICTs being used for curriculum implementation?

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Context(2)

� Access to knowledge provides individual with a competitive advantages in whichever environmental situation they may find themselves.

� ICT promises to be one ways of accessing information and hence empowering the individuals to compete effectively in the society.

�Unfortunately, most developing countries find themselves in a situation of ICT deprivation.

Objectives of the study

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Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

� To establish the weekly average hours use of ICTs for academic purposes by teachers in selected secondary schools in Uganda and Kenya.

� To establish the main types of ICTs uses for academic purposes by teachers in selected secondary schools in Kenya and Uganda.

� To evaluate the main factors supporting the use of ICTs for academic purposed by teachers in selected secondary schools in Kenya and Uganda.

Methodology

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Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Participants

�Head teachers/Principals

� Teachers

� Students

� Parents

� ICT technicians

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Study Populations

Country Number of

schools(N)

Number of

Teachers(

N)

Number of

students(N)

Principals(N

)

Uganda 4 137 4906 4

Kenya 5 119 1675 5

Total 9 256 6581 9

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Ugandan Secondary schools involved

School Teachers Students

Male Female Male Female

Kibuli Secondary school

73 25 1027 540

Nabitunge Girls 36 34 - 1150

St. Kizito Secondary school, Bugolobi

( 52) (850)

Kings college 40 29 871 318

Total 149 88 1898 2008

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Kenyan Secondary schools InvolvedSchool Teachers Students

Male Female Male Female

1.Aga Khan 11 12 250 100

2. Enna Girls 6 4 - 120

3. UthiruGirls

10 25 - -

4. MusaGitau

Secondary

10 11 140 265

6.St . Joseph Githunguri

5 25 800 -

Totals 42 77 1190 485

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Data collection

� Research approach

• Mixed mode

� Source of data

• PanAf observatory

�Data collection method:

• observation, survey and document

analysis

�Data collection tools

• interviews, observations, focus group discussion and questionnaires

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Data analysis ***�Quantitatively

• Descriptively ( averages and mode).

� Qualitatitively

• content analysis

• document analysis.

�Data présentation

• tables

• graphs

• narrative s

Results

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Average weekly hours for academic purposes

Country Female

/hours

Male/

hours

Mean

Uganda 5.7 6 5.85

Kenya 13 14 13.5

Total 18.7 20 9.65

� No significant difference between gender in both countries

� However, a significant difference between the countries and rural and urban

� Why?

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Types software/ purposes

Software Purposes

•MS word • Note making

•Ms Excel •Preparation for report forms•Basic analysis of performance

•Ms Power point Basic learning presentations

•Ms Acess

•Expo windows

•Adobe Page maker

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Main software/ purposes

Encarta Encyclopedia Search for information (

concepts)

Visual Basics

Corel draw Draw diagrams

Netcen school solutions( timetabler)

Preparation of timetables

Factors

Supporting

� Access to variety sources of information

� Saves time for other uses

� Communication with students even during holidays

� Made lessons easy to deliver and more enjoyable

� Improvement in academic performance

Inhibiting� Point at which the computers were

accessed( where, when, with whose permission)

� Attitude of colleagues

� working environment

� Lack of a coherence policy( No policy in Kenya)

� Lack of encouragement from the school management and

� Lack of training in integration

� Technophobia

� Lack of time to prepare using ICT due to loaded curriculum

Conclusion and recommendations

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Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Conclusion 1 ***� Insignificant difference in terms of factors influencing use of ICTs by teachers between the two countries

� Yet Uganda has policy while Kenya doesn‘t

� Factors are generally the same

� Significant difference in terms of average hours spent using ICT between the countries

�No significant difference between gender in both countries

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Conclusion 2

�Major difference on integration between schools in the same country and at school level

�Differences due to school environment, individual teacher personality

�Differences the degree of interplay between the supporting / inhibiting factors

� Role of the school management critical to integration

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Conclusion (3)

�Very little mobility of computer within the school

� Computers are used more for administrative purposes than academic

�Computers seen to “belong” more to the school administration and learners than to teachers

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Recommendations

� National ICT pedagogical integration policy( teacher training, procurement and distribution of hardware and software for schools)

� Training should start with management( principals/ deputies / HODs)

� Require that ICT integration be part of the school’s strategic and annual(operational) plans

� Promotion of principals and teacher be pegged on ICT integration among other things

�Demystify who “ owns” computers in the school

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Recommendation(2)

�Change management training to all stake holders in the school focusing on technological issues.

� Teacher of the year awards(TOYA) at school, district and national levels

�Need to enhance mobility of the computers within the school( effectiveness & efficient utilization)

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Recommendations(3)

� Motivation: Teacher of the year awards(TOYA) at school, district and national levels

�Demystify who “ owns” computers in the school.

� Emphasis on mobile phone than on desktops/laptops to

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

3 booklets of recommendations from the Panaf project research team

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» Teachers and school directors

»» ict-africa.org

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

3 booklets of recommendations from the Panaf project research team

***

» Policy makers, teacher trainers and other education administrators

»» ict-africa.org

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

3 booklets of recommendations from the Panaf project research team

***

» ICT in education researchers

»» ict-africa.org

Name, X. (2011, May). Title of your presentation. Paper presented at the eLearning Africa Conference 2011, Mlimani City Conference Centre, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

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