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urban section with key elements of urban climatology
Berlin`s built environment is changing due to urban growth and a resulting high demand for new living space, whereas the impact on the microclimate is widely neglected. The Berlin climate is already challenged by the urban heat island effect. Climate Change and increased urban density will exacerbate this in the future. Hence, the dissertation investigates in environmental densification strategies for the city centre and reflects on applicable measures to mitigate the urban heat island effect.
The core focus of the analysis is the Berlin compact block as the predominant central typology, which accomondates the majority of Berlin´s population and shows the main heat stress pattern during the summer season. The investigations started with literature review and fieldwork at one typical block in order to understand the climatic conditions framed by the prevailing urban layout. Based on that, the climatic behaviour of different notional block configurations was computationally simulated in ENVImet, Diva-for-Rhino and Ladybug. This evaluates the impact of both horizontal and vertical densification strategies on the microclimate, because different urban form configurations essential influence the wind and solar access.
The results evidence that a sensible placement of vertical building mass can help to maintain the microclimatic conditions and preserve space to apply urban heat island mitigation strategies such as shady trees and ecological valuable ground surfaces. This vertical densification approach includes the maintenance of sky view factors to encourages night time cooling and ensure initial daylight conditions at the pedestrian level. Further, a protection of horizontal gaps helps to balance the air temperature between the problematic urban canyon and the green courtyard. Finally, the derived urban design guidelines in terms of urban form recommendations and cooling strategies are exemplified schematically.
Environmental Densification Strategies for Berlin`s Urban Blocks Mitigating the Urban Heat Island
MSc Architecture and Environmental Design Jil SchrothFaculty of Architecture and the Built Environment MSc Dissertation 2016
Context
Outcomes
Design studies
number of tropical nights in Berlin (minimum temperatures of >=20°C)source: FIS Broker, Maps, Plans, Data, online by the Senate Depatment Berlin
methodology and analysis steps vertical and horizontal configurations
Reinickendorfer Straße
Pank
e
Gottsched-
Bornemann
straße
straße
Brunn
en-
Schönstedt
Brunn
en-
41
15
open gaps 2 p.m.
68°C45°C
17,7°C
28,7°C68°C45°C
18m
H/W 1
intial situation
July
N
2,21 kWh/m2
cany
on
one-side extension with offset evaluation ENVImet simualtion, 21th of July, DIVA-for-Rhino
one-side extention
H/W ratio and sky view factor analysis daliy average global radiation, Ladybug in Rhino
offset approach
S N S N S
cour
tyar
dW E E EW W
cany
on
cany
on
Dec
embe
r
2,66 kWh/m2
0,77 kWh/m2
0,31 kWh/m2
N S N S N S
W E E EW W
closed gaps
dense courty
ard
open gaps
closed gaps
dense courty
ard
notional basis
fieldwork block
one-side ex
tension with
offset
adding greenery
4 a.m.
28,6°C
17,5°C
18°C
23,9°C
23,9°C
0,2m/s
2,0m/s
31%
15%
Daily deaths (all causes) and daily maxima of the Universal Ther-mal Climate Index (UTCI) in Berlin in 2010 compared to mean values based on 2000-2010
vegetation permeability
albedo
new mass
Climate Change
solar radiation
Urban Growth
wind velocity
urban form energy use
α
α
source: edited from Scherber, K., 2014. Impacts of thermal load and air pollution on fully inpatient admissions and deaths in hospitals during summer months in Berlin and Brandenburg.
daily deaths
mean value of dailydeaths 2000-2010
daily maxima UTCI
mean value daily maxima UTCI 2000-2010
population density, editing status: Oct. 2011source: FIS Broker, Maps, Plans, Data, online by the Senate Depatment Berlin
compact urban block types in Berlinsource: FIS Broker, Maps, Plans, Data, online by the Senate Depatment Berlin
H/W 1
18m 18m 18m
30m
applicability example of recommended urban design guidelines
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