families of the periodic table. hydrogen elements gas: hydrogen

Families of the Periodic Table

HydrogenElements

Gas:Hydrogen

Hydrogen (cont.)

Characteristics Low density Low melting point

Reacts w/ halogens to form acids Reacts w/ oxygen to form water

Alkali MetalsElements

Solids:LithiumPotassiumSodiumRubidiumCesiumFrancium

Alkali Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Dull silver color Low density Low melting point

Reacts w/ halogens to form salts Reacts w/ water to form strong alkaline

hydroxides

Alkaline Earth MetalsElements

SolidsBerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadium

Alkaline Earth Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Soft Shiny silver color Low density Found naturally as a compound

Glow different colors Reacts w/ halogens to form ionic salts

Transition Metals

ElementsSolids

All “D-block” elementsAtomic numbers 21-30

39-4857, 72-8089, 104-112

Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics High density High melting / boiling point Good catalysts

Hard, tough & strong Silvery blue at room temperature Multiple oxidation states

Other MetalsElements

SolidsAluminumGalliumIndiumTinThalliumLeadBismuth

Other Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Relatively high density Salts Solids

Opaque color Malleable Oxidation numbers +3, +4, +5

MetalloidsElements

SolidsBoronSiliconGermaniumArsenicAntimonyTelluriumPolonium

Metalloids (cont.)

Characteristics Some shiny Some dull Malleable

Ductile Has properties of both metals and nonmetals Various oxidation numbers

Other Non-Metals

Gases(Hydrogen)CarbonNitrogenOxygen

SolidsPhosphorusSulfurSelenium

Other Non-Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Poor thermal conductors Brittle Little to no metallic luster High ionization energy

High electronegativity Gain electrons easily Various oxidation numbers

Halogens

SolidsIodineAstatine

LiquidsBromine

GasesFluorineChlorine

Halogens (cont.)

Characteristics

Only group in all 3 states of matter Highly reactive w/ alkali metals & alkaline earth

metals High electronegativity

Noble GasesElements

GasesHeliumNeonArgonKryptonXenonRadon

Noble Gases (cont.)

Characteristics

Non-reactive Odorless Tasteless Colorless Nonflammable

Inner Transition MetalsElements

SolidsAll “F-block” elementsAtomic numbers 58-71

90-103

Inner Transition Metals (cont.)

Characteristics Most are manmade High luster High melting points High electrical conductivity

Reactivity varies Usually bonded to

non-metals AKA: lanthanides &

actinides