father yorke allfor home products to dr. wendte … · but this dif-ficulty arises: in temporal...

FATHER YORKETO DR. WENDTE

The Catholic Doctrine Re-garding Church and

State.

THERE IS NO CONFLICT.

Both Have Their Separate Mis-sions, Declares the Chan-

cellor.

ALETTER FROM H, W. BOWMAN.

The Editor Compares the Progress ofCatholic and Protestant

Countries.

Rev. Father Yorke answer? the letter ofEev. l>r. Wendte on the "Catholic Churchand Civii Government" as follows:

To the Editor of The Call—Dear Sir: My let-ter of yesterday was devoted to some prelimi-nary remarks 'on the value of the authoritiesquoted by Dr. Wendte and on the controversialmethods "o: those who oppose the Catholicchurch. Ithen stnted that Dr. Wendte wasnot acquainted with the \u25a0\u25a0 .'bines of Cath-olicism concerning tho relations of church andstate. Thai teaching Iintend to set forth nowa*clearly asIcan.

MAN'S INTERESTS.Asman is made up of soul and body he has

eternal a« well as- temporal interests. his,Isuppose. Dr. Wend te will not deny. Man de-sires to livehis life as comfortably as he can;he wishes to secure the fruit of Ms labor: hetries to perfect his mental and his moral lacui-ties; he would vindicate for himself all theseliberties which do not interfere with the rightsof others or with the common good. Such arehi*temporal interests.

Besides these, however, there are interestswhichaffect the future life. Allwho believein the immortality of the soul acknowledgethat the present lifeis but a preparation for alife beyond the grave. How to tit ourselves forthis other existence is a serious question."What shall Ido to be saved?" .The answer tothis question comprehends what we call oureternal interests.

THE STATE.Itis a dictate of human nature that when

men wish to obtain any common end they handtogether for the purpose. When, therefore,they all wish to secure their temporal welfare,life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness, theyorganize into what is known as civil society.As God is the author of human nature we callhim the author of society. IfDr. Wen dte wrotea book calculated to create a bad impressionagainst any one we would call him the authorof that impression. When God created a beingcalculated to live incivil society we call Godthe author of civil society.

This is the teaching of Leo XIIIin his "Chris-tian Constitution of States":

Mac's natural instinct moves him tolive incivilsociety, forhe cannot, if dwelling apart, providehimself with the necessary requirements of life,nor procure the means of developing his mentaland moral faculties. Hence, it isdivinelyordainedthat he ahouM lead his life— It family, social orcivil—with his fellow-men, among whom alone hisseveral wants can be adequately supplied. But asnosociety can hold to;«-t;;er unless some one booverall, directing all to strive earnestly for thecommon goo!, every civilized community musthave a rulingauthority, and this authority," no lessthan society itself, has its source in iia;;ir>.\andhas, consequently. i;od for its author. Hence itfol-lovrs that all public power mus: proceed from God.tor God alone is the tree and supreme Lord of theworld. Kverythinc* without exception, must hesubject to himand most serve him: so that whoso-ever holds the richt to govern holds it from onesole and single source— namely, God, the SovereignRuler of all. There is no power but from God(Rom. xiii:l.)

THE CHURCH.Ifit is necessary lor men to organize in

order to secure their temporal interests, it isjust as necessary for them to organize in orderto secure their eternal interest*. But this dif-ficulty arises: In temporal affairs men arecompelled by the stern logic of facts to hangtogether, else they will end by hanging sep-arately. No matter how much they may dif-fer on politicalquestions, when itcomes to theexistence of the state or the society they aregenerally a unit. If,however, passion drivesthem beyond the bounds, we have riot*,anarchy, civilwar. and, sometimes, loss of in-dependence. The very nature of things com-pels the establishment of a stable and anauthoritative government. Ifthe people of acertain region will notdo it for themselves bycommon consent, the people of the neighbor-Ing region will do it by conquest aud thestrong hand. Men know at once when theirtemporal interests are injeopardy, and conse-quently they take measures to secure them asEoon as possible.

Itis quite otherwise, however, when itcomesto eternal interests. Whether these interestshave been secured or not no one knows forhimself until he is dead. Hence, duringlifehe may fall into all kinds of illusions concern-ing the best way of maintaining them, andnever discover his error. Hence, mistakes inthe matter of onr eternal interests are not self-corrective, as are mistakes inthe matter of ourtemporal interests. As a result, each man isnaturally a law unto himself, and there are asmany opinions as there are individuals.

But co-operation is ns necessary in attendingto our eternal interests as itis in attending toour temporal interest?. As human nature nowstands this co-operation, though theoreticallypossible, is practically unattainable. Historyproves this assertion. Hence God himself hasintervened and has sent his Son to bring aboutthis co-operation by founding a society whichwilldo for the eternal what civil society doesfor the temporal. This society we call thechurch.

CHURCH AND STATE.

Leo XIIIsums up this condition of affair? inthe following passage from the encyclical al-ready quoted:"

The Almighty, therefore, has appointed thecharge of the human race between two dowers—tre ecclesiastical and the civil: theone being setover divine and the other over human things.tar.") InIts kind is supreme; each has fixed 1 ruitawithin which it is contained, limits which aredefined by the nature and special object of theprovince of each, so that there la, wemay say. anorbit traced out, within which the action of each isbrought into play by it*own native right; but in-r.smucli si each of these two powers has author-ityover the same subjects, and a< itmight cometo pass that one and th» same thing—relateddifferently,bat still remaining: one an.i the samething—might belong to the jurisdiction and de-termination of both, therefore <.od, who toreseesall things and who is the author of those twopowers, has marked out the course of each Inrightcorrelation to the oilier. For the powers that areare ordained 01 God. (Rom. viii:2.) Were thisnot so deplorable contentions and conflicts wouldoften arise.and not infrequentlymen, like travelersat the meeting of two roads, would hesitate Inanxiety and doubt, not knowing what course tolollow. Two powers would be commanding con-trary things and it would be a dereliction ofdutyto disobey either of the two.

But Itwould be most repugnant to deem thus ofthe wis-iom and kom ;n ss of (iod. Even in physi-cal things, albeit or a lower order, the Almightyhas so combined the lor, and springs of naturewith tempered action and wondrous harmony thatno one of them clashes with any other, and all ofthem most h'tly and antly wefic together for thegreat purpose of the verse There must ac-cordingly exist between these two powers a cer-tain orderly connection, which may be comparedto the union of the soul and body Inman.

The nature and scope of that connection can bedetermined only,as we have laid down, by havingregard to the nature of each power, ami by takingaccount of the relative excellence and nobleness oftheirpurpose. One of the two has for its approxi-mate and chief object the wellbeing of this mortallife: the other the everlasting Joys Of heaven.Whatever, therefore, in things human is of a sa-cred character, whatever belongs either of its ownnature or by reason of the end to which It is re-ferred, to the salvation of sou's, or to the worshipof God, is subject to the power and judgment of thechurch. Whatever is to be ranged under the civiland politicalorder is rightlysubject to the civilau-thority. Jesus Christ lias himself given commandtnal what is Caesar's is to be rendered to iB--«r,and what belongs to God is to be rendered to God.

DR. WESDTE'S FIRST QVOTATION.This explanation gives the true meaning of

the firstquotation produced by Dr.Weudte toprove his thesis that Catholics believe in"thesupremacy of the church and the subordina-tion of the state to it." That quotation heascribes to Bi«nop Gilmour. Ipass no opinionon its authenticity. Iknow that severalspurious bentlments attributed to that Bishophave been floating round inA. P. A.literature.As, however, the present quotation issusceptible of a Catholic interpretation Ineither affirm nor deny its genuineness. Itruns as follows: •

"The state is for the body, the church is forthe soul. But the soul is superior to the body,hence the church is above the state." Fromthis quotation Dr. Wendte mathematicallyconcludes: "Therefore the Pope is the soy-

ereign of the world, and all civilgovernmentsmust submit to nis dictation."

Now,leime ask Dr. Wendte, Does he believeIn the saying, "What doth it piotit a man Ifhepain the whole world and suffer the loss ofhis own soul?" or,"What shall a man give inexchange for his soul?" Docs not Dr. Wer.dteconsider the immortal part of him ofmorevalue than all the kingdoms of earth? Wouldhe, like Faust, consent to barter his soul foranything this worldcan give? Hence, is not.the organization, or the belief, or the way inwhich he keeps his soul in touch witheternitymore valuable to him than anything thatexists? Is it not the '-greatest thing inthe world?" Is it not superior to alltemporal concerns? Does he then concludethat he is the ruler of all? And ifBishop Gil-mour said that the church is superior to thestate inthe sense that the soul is superior tothe body, is it logical, is itlair tooffer this asa proof that Catholics believe in a theocracy?What control has the soul over the body be-yond the control of reason? And every timeDr. Wendte makes a speech does he not striveto control the state by reason?

Surely it must be very hard to find evidenceagainst the church when her opponents are re-duced to such straits as this. Let mc nowquote from a few Catholic theologian? whoare recognized as authorities. They will de-clare in plain unequivocal language what isthe doctrine of the church.

CATHOLIC DOCTRINE.

Dr. Wendte says: "The Pope is the sovereignof the world and all civilgovernments mustsubmit to his dictation."

Suarcz, the great Jesuit theologian of thesixteenth century, whose works James IofEngland had burned by the common hang-man because he refuted the doctrine of the"divineright of kings to govern wrong," saysin his monumental treatise "On Law" (booklll,chapter vi,No. 3): "The supreme pontiffbaa no direct temporal power over the worldexcept in these provinces of which he is tem-poral lord," namely, the city of Rome and theadjoining districts," of which he was kinguntilISTO.

Cardinal Tarquinl writes in his "Institutionsof Ecclesiastical law": "Civil society, eventhough every member of it be Catholic, is notsubject to the church, but plainlyindependentin temporal things which regard" its temporalend." (Page 55.)

The following extracts are taken from theevidence given by Dr. Doyle, the CatholicBishop of Kildare, before a committee of theBritish Bouse oi Commons. The member-; oftnat committee were ail Protestants, and theyasked the same questions which evidently Dr.Wendte would r.sk to-day. Let us hope "thatthe answers willbe equally satisfactory:

Q.— ln what ami how far does the Roman Catho-licprofess to obey the Pope?

A.—The < atholie professes to obey the Pope Inmatters which regard his religious faith and Inthose matters of ecclesiastical discipline whichhave already been defined by the competent au-thorities.

y.—

Does this obedience detract from what Is dueby the Catholic to the State?

A.—Not Inthe -lightest degree: on the contrary,as the laws of God, which the Pope does enforceamong Catholics, ordain that we should pay obed-|ience to the existing Government of the country

where we dwell, so the obedience weowe the Popeonly tends to confirm us inour allegiance to suchGovernment.

Q.—Does that justify the objection that Is madeto Catholics that their allegiance Is divided?

A.—ldo not think it does in any way: we arejbound to obey the Pope in those things that Ihavealready mentioned, but our obedience to the lawj and the allegiance which we owe the soy reign arecomplete and fulland perfect and undivided Inas-

!much as they extend to allpolitical,legal and civilirights of the Kingor his subjects. (1 think the alie-

giance due to tne:lKng and that due to the Pop*ate as distinct and as divided in their nature asany two things can possibly be.

Q.—ls the claim thai some Popes have set up totemporal authority opposed to scripture and tradi-tion?

A.—lnmy opinion itis opposed toboth.Such, then, are the opinions of men who

knew the Catholic iaith through and through.But Dr. Wendte may ask how do Iconsider itwith the quotations given by Mr. Hittell.These quotations Ihave already demonstratedto be suspicious. To show exactly what theyare will take a whole letter, which"Ipropose towrite to-morrow. Therefore, the only two re-• maining quotations which deal with civil

j allegiance are those from Bishop.Gilmour andCardinal Newman.

ANOTHER GARBLED QUOTATION.Dr. Wendte writes:Pome years ago Bishop Gilmour of Cleveland

laid down in a pastoral letter to his diocese theCatholic philosophy of government in the follow-

:ing words: "Nationalities must be made subor-| dinate to religion. We must learn that we are

Catholics first and citizens next. Catholicismteaches that God Is above man, the church isabove the State." This is certainly explicit andemphatic enough.Iwish in the beginning to draw Dr. Wendte's

attention to the unscholarly nature of such anargument as this. He quotes a pastoral writ-ten "some years ago," but he does not give usI the faintest intimation of what the pastoralwas about or where itmay be found. A pas-

| toral is usually a lengthy document, yet a haltdozen words are scissored out of it to'make an

J argument against Catholics.Now Inave not been able to find the pastoral,

!but Ithink Iknow what it was about. Itwaswritten at a time when the question of nation-ality was causing some disturbance in Ohio.Catholics of German extraction wished to havepriests and bishops of their own race, or, atleast, some busybodies wanted to make outthat they did. Indeed, there was a time «hencertain people claimed that a movement wasunder way to divide the Catholic body alongthe lines of nationality,so that, forinstance,

]inSan Francisco there would be one CatholicjArchbishop for the Germans, another for the!Poles, another for the Italians, another for theiIrish and another for native American:citizens.

This system is very popular among Protest-ants, who have Swedish Methodists, GermanLutherans, English Lutherans, Northern Bap-tists, Southern Presbyterians and so o:i.Against this scheme Bishop Gilmour protested.He was a convert from Preshyterianism and hewas dour and hard to the last. He neverminced matter, and when the plan wasbroached in Cleveland he "charged" againstit. Nationalities must be made subordinate toreligion. We must learn tnat we are Catholicsfirst and citizens afterward. Catholicismteaches that "God is above man and the churchabove the state." That is, the petty jealousiesof nationalities and citizenship should not beallowed to divide the church which God estab-lished for the salvation of all.

This is the true sense ot Bishop Gilmour'swords, and Isay now that if they were in-tended to mean what Dr. Wendte makes themmean, namely, a evil supremacy of the churchover the state. Bishop Gilmour was not ex-pressing Catholic doctrine. Is this clearenough, Dr. Wendte?

FALSIFYINGNEWMAN'S WORDS.

The second quotation is from Cardinal New-man. Dr. Wendte writes:

So Cardinal Newman, inhis famous controversywith Mr.Gladstone, maintained that the BritishMinisters should have gone to Rome to ascertainthe civilduties of a British Catholic subject andthat "no pledge from Catholics was of any value towhich Home was no: a party.' Apply this prin-ciple to our American political life and it meanssimply this: That no P.oman Catholic citizen canrightlytake an oath of allegiance without the con-sent of Borne, or. inother words, that P.ome Is ahigher authority InAmerican affairs than the Re-publicItself.

IfDr. Wendte has ever read Cardinal New-man's work Icannot acquit him of dishonesty.There isnot a word in the context which bearsout the assertion that the "British Ministersshould bave gone to Rome to ascertain thecivil duties of a British Catholic subject."Newman is drawing attention to the ridicu-lous policy of the English Government, accord-ing to which, although it has civil andpolitical dealings with Catholics in countrieswhere Catholicism is the established religion,stillit willnot deal directly with the Pope. Itprefers to negotiate withunauthorized personson matters not of Catholic teaching, but ofcivil policy, and then it complains ifRomedoes not back up everything these unauthor-ized persons did or promised. Here is whatNewman says:Irecollect, years ago, Dr. Griffiths, Vicar Apos-

tolicof the London district, givingme an accountof an interview he had with the late Lord Derby,then. 1 suppose. Colonial Secretary. Iunderstood

j him to say that Lord Derby was In perplexity atthe time on some West India matter, in whichCatholics were concerned, because he could notfind their responsible representative. He wantedIDr.Griffiths to undertake the office, and expressedsomething of disappointment \u25a0 when the BishopCelt obliged to decline it. A chronic maladyhas irorn time 10 time Its paroxvsras,and the history on which 1 am now engaged is aserious Instance ofIt. Ithink It Is impossible thatthe British Government could have entered Intoformal negotiations with the Pope without Itstranspiring In the course of them and its becomingperfectly clear that Rome could never be npartyto such a pledge as £ngland wanted, and that nopledge from Catholics was of any value to whichRome was not a party. .

Again let me ask Dr. Wehdte is this fair? Heis writing against a .great church, and hiswords, as far as they reach, affect the charac-ters oi 12.000,000 of his fellow-citizens. Theydo not, as he says, take reluge in ignorance orin illogicality. They say we know the teach-ing of our church, and weknow there is noth-ing in itopposed to the highest Americanism,and Dr. Wenate brings against them the testi-mony of a book which he has never read, orwhich,ifhe has read it,he has corrupted.

DR. WENDTE'S DILEMMA.

A*this letter is already too loneIwill referbut briefly toa point of which evidently Dr.Wendte is much enamored, forhe uses it overand over again. The point is that accord-ing to Catholics the church can say What arethe limitations of the sphere of the state,therefore the state is subject to the church.

Putting aside for a moment the question ofwhat Catholics do say, let me ask Dr. Wendtehow does he solve the problem? He acknowl-edges that church and state are distinct. Heacknowledges, too, that in points they touch.Nay, he exaggerates the contact. He says: .

Intheir practical working church and state con-stantly interfere with each other, and itIs oftenverydifficult to say what is tne sphere of each.

Now this interference may arise in the caseof Dr. Wendte just as easily as itmay arise in

the case of Catholics. What solution has Dr.Wendte to offer? As far as ican interpret hisletter, he seems to adumbrate an opin-ion that the state should always fixthe limits. But let me call his atten-tion to the fact that tho word state

after all only means "a condition" and thatthe conditions of men as organized for thetmrposes of government are many and various.Turkey is a state justas much as Great Britain,yetIam sure Dr. Wendte is protesting withall his mightagainst the Armenian atrocities.Does he not see how treasonable itis to inter-fere thus with the state since that State can sofix the limits of its authority as to coverthe extermination of obnoxious Christians.

iLet Dr. Wendte answer this problem: In aconflict between a Unitarian congregation anda State, who shall lay down the limits beyondwhich the State cannot pass? When Dr.Wendte answers this question Iwilltellhim; what Catholics would do ina conflict betweenchurch and state. Yours truly,

P. C. YOEKE.

H. W. BOWMAN'S LETTER.

The A. P. A. Champion Compares

the Progress of Protestant andCatholic Countries.

H. W. Bowman, editor of the AmericanPatriot, submits the followingletter:

Office of thk American Patk;ot,(819 Market street, j

To the Editor of San FrmcisCO Call— Deaf,'ik: In further substantiation of our chargethat Romanism is a barrier to civilization amii fee to human progress we submit the follow-ing proofs:

\ .. arned French writer,M.Kmile de Lave-leye, in a masterly took on "I'rotcstcntisrn imii Catholicism in their Bearing Upon theLiberty and Prosperity of Nat'ons," showsthai the wider the range of facts and the more |rig::•! the induction the more inevitable is the Itonclusion that Romatri-in is an tncubaa on

'.'iviiizanon. The phenomenon which this di.«- ,tinmisbed writersets himself to solve is thus!stated: "The fact that Catholic races advance !much less rapidly t-lian those which are no ilonger Cathoiic and that, relatively to theselatter, they even seem to go back appears to be jproved both by history «>nd, more particularly,by contemporary events."

The investigation is commenced by an in- iquiry as to whether the fact can be accounted jlor on the basis oi pbysical constitution or by i

Quence oi external nature— the clituate, Ithe geographical position, the products of the jsoil, the aspects of the country, the food. Andit is shown conclusively that none of thesecauses

—nor any similar cause

—can possibly be

a^i^r.eu as adequate to the production of theactual efl'ect.

"When Protestants of the Latin race are seento rise superior to Germanic but Ctpopulations; when iH one and the same coun-try, and one and the tame group, identical inlanguage and identical in origin, it can be uf-tiriaed that Protestants advance more rapidlyand steadily than Catholics, it is difficult notto attrioute'the superiority ot the one over theother to the religion they profess."In contrasting Ireland with Scotland he

Bays:"Itis admitted that the Scotch and Irish arc

of the same origin. Both have been subject tothe Englisn yoke. Until the sixteenth centuryIreland was much more civilized than Scot-land. During the iir?t part of the middleages, the Emerald Isle was a focus of civiliza-tion, while Scotland was still a den of bar-barians."

"Since the Scotch have embraced the re-formed religion they have outrun eveu theEnglish. The climate and the nature of thesi>u prevent Scotland from being as rich a-England; but Macaulay proves that fince theseventeenth century the Scotch have in everyway surpassed tlie Engii.'U. Ireland, on theother hand, devoted to Ulirarnonramsin, ispour, miserable, agitated by the spirit m re-bellion, an.i seems incapable of raising herselfby her ownstrength.

'\u25a0What a con;ra.«t, even in Ireland, betweenthe exclusively Catholic Connnught and Ulster,where Protestantism prevails!

•i -!tris enriched by industry, Connaughtpresents a picture of desolation.

Passing over the contrast presented by acomparison oi the United States and the Statesoi bouth America, or of the nations of t!ieNorth with those of the South of Europe; lestany one should suppose that the "differenceswnich are to be observed might be explainedby the influence of climate or of race, M. deLaveleye proceed* to say:

"But let us go to Switzerland and comparethe cantons oi >'euchatel, Vaud and Geneva<more particularly before me recent immigra-!tion of the savoy Catholics) with that of jLucerne, Haut-Valais end the forest cantons, jThe former are extraordinarily in advance Ofthe latter, in respect of edu^aUou, r.terat.ure,the tine arts, industry, commerce, riches,cleanliness, in a word, civilization in all itsaspects and inall its senses."

Such irrefutable facts are convincing. They |are not toe bigoied utterances of prejudicedminds, but sober facts of history. In his con-clusion M.de Laveleye asserts:"*'To the eye ofevery man who desires to consult tacts withouta foregone conclusion, itis thus manifest thatProtestantism is more favorable than Catholi- Ici<ni to the development of nations."

Rome had a chance to civilize Mexico and jSouth America, if she were able to do so. Butdid she? Facts prove thai the people there are Ibut little remove from savages. Bomanism jmeans t;:e loss ci our civilization. Hence uvsay to the priests ot Rome, >o,gentiemei., we jwillnot allow ihe United .-tales to be Roman- jized. The civilization introduced bySpanish 'Romanists upon American soil has" been on Itrial for centuries. Alongside of it, but jsomewhat later, is the civilization intro-duced by the Pilgrim Fathers. One has pined jamid the wealth of tropical vegetation andir.rtiie soil, the other has nourished amid t:iewintrywinds ami barren hills of New Ens-land. One has given to the world mightystatesmen, noble patriots, learned scholars andworld-famed inventors. The other is famedfor its ignorance, rude barbarism and cede- |siastical serfdom. One with its vast mines ofsilver and gold, with its splendid rivers andmagnificent harbors, has dragged its way onamid peonage and poverty. The other, withits rocky hills, sandy shores and rigorous |climate, has grown strong and rich and pros-perous. InMexico,Central and South America Ikome has given the world an exhibition of her 'incompeteiicy to civilize. Rome's rule hasbtjtiimarked by ignorance, tyranny,barbarismand ceaseless revolutions, while the other hasgiven the world a government founded uponthe rights of humanity, with civil and re-ligious liberty and laws based upon the consentoi the governed. Itis marked ior its cham-pionship of the rignts of humanity, for its ad-vanced civilization and its prosperity.

Spain gave to the countries she colonized theinquisition and the Sunday bull-right,and thePilgrim Fathers gave the other the commonschool ana the open Bible. Note the vividcon-trast! The Popish countries are shunned byimmigrants as ifinfected by the plague, whilethe other has sounding on its shore every yearthe tramp of millions of feet of those who haveflea from lunds cursed and blighted by Poperyto seek lightand liberty 'neath the shadow ofour free institutions based upon the word ofGod and the freedom of conscience. Our sisterrepublic has lately been making a rapid ad-vance in freeing herself from the incubus ofPopery. The abolition of the ecclesiasticalsystem of education and the adoption of thestate system was a fata.) blow to Popery. Thenher action in regard to the useless convents,where wealth was hoarded, was a masterstroke. The following facts, gleaned from abook entitled "Aztec Land," by M.M.Ballou,willprove that Romanism is a bar to civiliza-tion. He says:

\u25a0•General Porririo Diaz, President of the re-public,is a man whose life commands the re-spect of the entire people. His principal pur-pose is plainly to modernize Mexico. Thetwelve years from 1870, when he becamePresident, until 1889, when his third termcommence, has proved to be the progressiveage of tne republic. The only opposition to hisgovernment is that of the churcii party led bythe Archbishop of Mexico and supported bythat great army of non-producers, tne uselesspriests, who fatten upon the poor and super-stitious populace. At present this party hasno politicalpower or influence, but is workingat all times in secret, silently awaiting anopportunity :o sacrifice anything oreverythingto the s<sl« interesis of the Roman Catholicchurch."

"The political struggle in Mexico," saysUnited States Commissioner William F.leroyCurtis, "since the independence of the repub-lichas been and will continue to be betweenantiquated, bigoted and despotic Romanise,allied with the ancient aristocracy, underwhose encouragement Maximilian came, onthe one hand, and the spirit of intellectual,industrial, commercial and social progress ontne other."

"With the overthrow of Montezuma's em-pire in 1520," says that distinguished nativeMexican writer, Riveray Rio, "began therule of the Spaniard, which lasted just 3uOyears. During this time Rome and Spain,priest and king, held this land and peo-ple as a joint possession. The greedy handwas ever reached out to seize alike theproduct of the mine and soil. The people wereenslaved for the aggrandizement aim power ofa foreign church and state. Itwas then thatthe Church of Rome fostered such a vast armyof priests ana nuns, acquired those vust landedestates and erected sucu an incredible numberof stone churches, great convents, inquisi-torial buildings,Jesuit colleges, and gatheredsuch vast stores of gold and silver. All thistime tl-.e poor people were being reduced to theutmost poverty, and every rightof personal andciviladvancement was taken from them. Theywere left to grope on in Intellectual darkness.They could have no commerce with foreignnations. If they made any advance in na-tional wealth it was drained away for royaland ecclesiastical tribute. Superstitionreigned under the false teachings ot a corruptpriesthood, while the frightful Inquisition, byits cruel machinery, coerced the people to anaojectness that has scarcely had a parallel ivhuman history. Under such a dispensation ofevil rule Mexico became of less and less im-portance among the family of nations."

This last is a testimony froma native resi-dent of Mexico,and discounts all Priests Yorkeand Ferguson have said on the question.

While Mexico offers to give immigrants $50per head the United States would be willingtogive that much to keep some out. Inall theSouth American States where Popery rules civ-izatloa is at a standstill and the old heathenpractices largely prevail. Rome as a civilizer isa failure. The other day a gentleman who hastraveled a great deal in"speaking of Romanismmade this remark to me: "Ihave spent agreat deal of time among the Indians who livearound Lake Superior. The Romanists havehad charge of them lor nearly two hun-dred years. What is the "result: thewomen are all prostitutes and »hemen are all thieves. Popery has taken themanhood all out of them. You can tell a.Catholic Indian from a Protestant as soon asyou see him across the street. The Catholichas amean, skulKing, thievish look; the Prot-estant has a manlyair about him. 1shouldthink that the Roman priests would come tothe conclusion that their religion was a failurewith such results after so many years of teach-ing."

And yet Uncle Sam pays out his money tohave the ihdians instructed by justsuch teach-ers. Here is a problem for a mathematician:

iIf nearly two hundred years of Romish teach-ing has made the Indians thus instructedlower inmorals than before, so that the menare all thieves and the women all prostitutes,how long will it take them to make decentcivilized Indians out of those they are nowteaching?

; 1nere is another country to which we willturn and gaze upon the civilizing effects oiLorne

—a country famed for its championship

lof Popery. Poor downtrodden, priest-riddenIreland. Once the seat of learning, illsnowthe land of ignorance. Its brilliant mind isdimmed, and its ancient glory alone remainsto testify of what Ireland might have been ifnot blignted by Popery.

Free an Irishman from the incubus of Romeand he at once makes his merk in the world.Ifithad not been tor the curse of Popery thename Irish wouldhave been a title of glory in-stead of a term of reproach,' f all sad words of tongue or pen,

The saddest are these: "itmight have been."History proves that Romanization means

social deterioration anil national degenera-tion. Itreveals the fact that Romanism is apoliticalpoison, the evileffects of which maybeseen in the nations it has destroyed. Roman-ism is a bar to civilization,because to Roman-ize is to fossilize. The spirit of progress is con-demned by Rome. Like an Egyptian mummy,she is wrapped up in the garments of a pastage. The only progress of which she can boastis the progress of sin. The eternal principlesof truth are adapted toall ages and the highestdegree of civilization; but tne errors of Romeare so narrow and contracted that they allowofno introduction of gcod things.

Rome is hardened in her wickedness. Sheaims to mentally macadamize her dupes tokeep them from developing and expandingunder the benign influences of civilization andChristianity. Civilization in its scope has noroom for a Pope, nor this land of the free nouse for the papal hierarchy. Under the plea ofinfallibilityRome justifies all of her past his-tory. She boasts of her unchangeable attitudeIn regard to modern progress.

Ifyou would know that the papal church hasstood athwart the line of progress and modemcivilization,listen toGattlni, a member of theItalian Parliament, as he Mki:

"What share has the Papacy taken in thiswork? Is it the press ? Is it electricity? Isitsteam? Is itchemical analyst ? Is it self-government? Is it the principles of national-ity7 Is it the proclamation of the rights ofman, of the liberty of conscience? Of ail thisthe Papacy is the negation. Its culminatingpoints are Gregory I,who, like Omar, burntlibraries ;Gregory VII,who destroyed a moietyof Rome and cremated the temporal sov-ereignty; Mureant 111, who founded the In-quisition; Boniface IX, who destroyed thelast remains of municipal libertyin Rome;Pius VII,who committed the same wrong inBologna; Alexander VI,who established theceusorship of books; Paul 111, who publishedthe bull for the establishment of the Jesuits;Pius V, who covered Europe with burningfuneral pyres; Urban VIII,who tortured Gal-lileo,and Pius IX,who has given us the mod-ern syllabus."

When Count Cavour, the Prime Minister toVictor Emmanuel, came into power, he under-stood the force of genera', intelligence and de-clared that he would overthrow the Papal do-

Iminion not by lire and fagot, thumbscrew andsuperstition— her favorite weapons— but by theintroduction of modern civilization. "Iwilltake Rome," said he, "by railways, by electric Itelegraphs, by agricultural, implements, byestablishing national banks, by gratuitouseducation on a large scale, by civil marriages,by the secularization of conventual property,by the enactment of a model code, embodyingthe most lenient laws of Europe, and by the

'

suppression of corporal punishment. Iwillplace the spirit of modern expansion face toface with the old spirit of obscuration. lamquite certain the former will triumph. Iwillestablish a blockade of new civiization aroundRome. Ifshe undergoes a modification shewillcome to us;ifshe remains unchanged shewill,by constant comparison, become so dis-gusted with her state of inferiority that shewill throw herself into our arms to escape de- ;struction.

"That day dawned in 1870 with the en-

trance of Victor Emanucl into Rome, accom- ;panied by!c little dogcart laden with theProtestant Bible and followed by the Protest-antmissionaries.

Rome has condemned the spirit of modernprogrei-s ami set her seal of commenda-tion upon the fossilized corpse of pre-Reiorma-tion Romanism. H. W. Bowman.

THE LAST OF W. C. RIPPEY.Former Friends View the Re-

mains of the Man WhoShot Mackay.

The Wounded Millionaire ChangedHis Plans After His Assassin

Was Convicted.

The funeral of Wesley C. Rippey, whoshot and seriously wounded John W.Mackay, the millionaire mining man, a fewyears ago, will take place to-day from theparlors of an undertakinge«tablishmentonEddy street. The body willbe interred inCypress Lawn Cemetery, this arrangementhaving been made by his wife, from whom

he has been separated for the past fourteenyears.

From the time Rippey lired the murder-ous shot at the rich man, which was fol-lowed by his placing a pistol bullet in hisown body, the assassin seemed to havebeen shunned oy his former friends asthey would avoid a son of Cain. Afterrecovering from the self-inflicted woundand after serving his sentence for simpleassault, Rippey has lived practically byhimself, few people caring to visit him.He had a room at 428 Natoma street, andhow he managed to exist was not knownto any except a few relatives and Dr.Newali, who for a long time cared for theold man in a professional way. Asidefrom the physician and one or two rela-tives few visited him.

After he had passed away Rippey's for-mer friends remembered him asain andail day yesterday the undertaker's parlorswere filled with old gray-bearded men whoknew and liked the aged pioneer before hismind became warped and lie acquired amania for shooting millionaires. Tojudge from their remarks he was a big-hearted companion in his younger days.

At the time of his death Rippey was 75years old. During the last three 'years, infact since he attempted to killMackay, hehas been rapidly tailing in health. Thebullet-wouna nearly caused his death atthe time and since his partial recovery hehas been on the decline.

There is an incident connected with theshootine that is only known to a few ofMr. Mackay's friend's. At the time of thisserious affair Mr.Mackay was preparing toengage in several large undertakings inthis City and on the coast. He had thePostal Telegraph scheme well in hand andhis /.:oniitiential agents were looking intoseveral other business ventures.

Among these were plans for fine stock,farming, the development of several prom-ising mines, and there wtre statementsmade That he would head a scheme tomake a railroad connection with the SantaFe line. At any rate he proposed to makeSan Francisco his home, and as he ex-pressed it,"spend his money in the placewhere he had made it."

After he recovered from Rippey's bulletwound Mr. Mackay evidently expectedthat the fullpenalty of the law would bedealt out to the assassin. In this he wasdisappointed, for the charge was reducedfrom an assault to commit murder to asimple assault. This disgusted the mil-lionaire and Rippey was scarcely lodged inthe County Jail before Mackay began tochange all"of his plans.

Arrangements fur racehorses, railroads,mines and farms were wiped off theprogramme with a rapidity that was as-tonishing. He declared that San Fran-iis-co was not a safe place for rich men.When a jury of representative men, so hesaid, would condone murder by lettingmurderers go free or as nearly free as pos-sible it was high time for rich men to hiethemselves to safer climes. This he pro-posed to do, and as toon as he couldstraighten up his affairs he left for NewYork with the determination of makinghis home in the East.

And old man Rippey served his time injail and then drilted out into the worldagain. From what can be learned he be-came more rational after his troubles, andrealizing that he was socially under aciou'l he lived quietly and in poverty un-til death came to hi-*relief.

THE LATE WESLEY C. RIPPEY, WHO SHOT MILLIONAIRE JOHN W. MACKAY.[Reproduced from a photograph.]

SADLER'S ODDMISTAKEBelieving Governor Jones Dead,

the Flag Was Put atHalf-Mast.

Nevada's Lieutenant-Governor ActedWithout Receiving an Offi-

cial Report.

A very strange tale of official precipi-tancy comes down from Nevada, but itcomes from such a source and appears tobe so well vouched for that it certainly isworthy of publication.

The story is that Lieutenant-GovernorSadler, who, in the event of the death ofGovernor Jone?, would succeed to thegubernatorial chair, ha«l taken time bythe forelock and proceeded to take posses-sion of the Governor's office and the full-ness thereof. Believing that GovernorJones, who, for the past week or more hasbeen in a very critical condition at thePalace Hotel, was really dead, Sadler or-dered the Hag half-masted on the Capitolat Carson City and at once declared him-self the Governor.

He even went further than this and ap-pointed his private secretary. Then hetelegraphed to Governor Jones' secretary,William T. Hanford, for the keys to therooms of the executive head of the State.

The rumor that the real Governor hadpassed away caused him to move in thematter of taking immediate charge of theState, and he thought itwould be a goodplan to get hold of the keys.

When he learned thut Governor Joneswas getting better every day and that therumor of his death was groundless, hepulled down the nag and laid off to awaitfurther developments.

Strangely enough, at the hour whenNevada's executive head was said to bedying he was really beginning to showmarked signs of recovery.

ALLFOR HOME PRODUCTSReview of the First Year of the

Manufacturers' Asso-ciation.

MANAGERS DID VEEY WELL.

Comprehensive Plans for This Year'sFight inFavor of California

Industries.

A special meeting of the executive com-mittee of the Manufacturers and Pro-ducers' Association was held yesterday tohear the report of the special committeeappointed to investigate the managementof the association's affair?. The investi-gation was started by the attempt ofDirector Sproule to oust Secretary Mead,Assistant Secretary F. H. Dinele andPromoter Tacey and have a ecneral man-ager appointed to take charge of affairs,

subject to the direction of the board ofdirectors. The committee consisted of M.J. Keller. W. F. Bowers and M. M. Me-Glynn.

These gentlemen looked Into every de-tail connected with the management ofthe association and reported in substanceas follows:

After a thorough investigation of the workdone by this association, largely set forth inthe annual report of the secretary, which ispresented herewith, your committee has ar-rived at the conclusion that the pest manage-ment ol the affair." of the association ln.-very efficient. Fully realizing the difficultiesunder which the management labored at thecommencement of the work, owing to the factthat the work was a new one and that every-thing that was done was to some extent in tilenature of an experiment, we think we havegood reason to be proud of the good that hasbe«n accomplished, as we feel sure tiiat nopublic organization ever formed in the Stateof California can show a record such as oursfor the first nine months of its existence.

We also desire to call special attention to thefact that the association winds up the first ninemonths of its existence withabalance onhand ,after meeting all liabilities, which we considera very rood evidence of the efficiency of themanagement. We therefore recommend thatthe present management and office staff be notchanced, as we are satisfied from all we havebeen able lo discover that the competency ofthe same is beyond question.

Considerable good has been accomplished bythe publishing and circulation ol printedmatter upon the subject of •'Patronizing HomeIndustries." The most of this printed matterwas in the shape of editorials from City andState papers and journals, and contained somevery good advice to the consumer, as well asthe manufacturer and producer.

A great deal of valuabl*- work was donethrough the efforts of the officers of the asso-ciation in th« way of letters written to publicand private institutions, requesting them togive the preference to California manufacturesand products where they found prices andquality equal.

Another branch of the work done by the as-sociation we consider worthy of special men-tion, and that is the holding of public meet-ings in different sections of the State. Thiswork was started by the holding of meetings inStockton, Oakland. San Jose and feanta Cruz,and it was the intention to continue holdingthese meetings at the principal points through-out the State, but it was found necessary todelay the same on account of lack of sufficientfunds for the purpose, and itis hoped that at n.very early date the holding of these meetingscan be resumed.

To carry on the work of the association inthe same vigorous manner that it has beencarried on heretofore, itis necessary that thes^ociation should have nn income "of $500 to.*oOO per month, which amount would permitof restoring and keeping up the office staff r.ndof carrying on the routine work of the oflice.But in order to carry out the pians partly ma-tured, more specifically referred to hereafter,in the way of advertising the products of theState of California, and of fostering and pro-tecting the manufacturing industries of theState, a revenue of from $800 to $1000 permontn willhe necessary.

The association has now a membership ofabout 1100. Some of these 1100 willprobablydrop out on the second year, from '.act of in-terest or other reasons, but we think we cansafely count on having from SOO to 1000 pay-ingmembers to depend upon, and with therenewed energy that chould be put into theassociation work, this number will be verymaterially increased.

The success of :he Oakland Exposition waslargely contriDuted to by tins association, andithas been suggested and recommended bythe secretary that this association should takeimmediate steps to arrange for holdingin theCity of San Francisco a similar exposition.

This exposition we think should be held atas early a date as possible, a.nd immediatelythereafter this association snould take steps toorga: ize and hold similar expositions ineverycoun;y in the State of California.

The question of the sale of prison-madegoods, in competition with goods made by freewhite labor, has been under consideration bythis association for a short time past, andthrough the efforts of this association the Gov-ernor has just appointed a commission to visitEastern prisons and thoroughly investigatethe subject.

Inasmuch as an inspection of the by-lawsshows that there is no provision made limitingthe amount of assessment to which the stock isliable, your committee would recommend thata resolution be passed by the board fixingarate of assessment not toexceed $1perper month.

The recommendations for new work con-tained inthe secretary's annual report hereto-forementioned are mainly practicable, and wethink would prove beneficial to the work ofthe association. We desire to call particularattention to the following recommendations:The introduction of textbooks in the publicschools of the State of California, such booksto be got up with an idea to teaching theyoung Californian what are the developed andundeveloped resources, the manufactures andproducts of his own State, and other informa-tion of value relating to the above-mentionedsubjects.

The organization of "home product" clubs.Compiling statistics of goods imported into

the State.Keeping close watch ofall opportunities for

th« introduction of home products by Boardsof Supervisors, commissions and in allpublicinstitutions ani private enterprises

Holdingspecial meetings of the different in-dustries to determine what can be done by thisassociation in the way of benefiting such in-dustries.

The adoption of a trademark or device todesignate ihe products of the State of Califor-nia. This trademark or device should ofcourse, be patented or copyrigtiteJ, and fullmeasures taken to protect the same.

The holding 01 a homo industry fair inSanFrancisco.The compilation of a directory of home prod-

ucts.*

The persistent carrying on of the present agi-tation against the importation of Japanesecheap-labor manufactures and State prisonmade goods.

Your committee further recommends thatthe present management of this associationand the work accomplished by it receive thefullindorsement of this board of directors, andthat the lecommendations contained in 'hesecretary's report, as well as those in this re-port, be given lull and careful considerationAt the conclusion of the rer.ort Mrbproule stated that inthe remarks that lie

had made from which the investigationwas started he had no intention to cast anyreflection upon the management, and heregretted that his words had been miscon-strued. He spoke only for the general im-provement and advance of the associationand not because he wanted to rind a posi-tion for Professor Emory F. Smith. Hemoved that the committee's report beaiioptcd.It was not the intention to present the

annual report at present, but iiiorder thatthe investigating committee might havea full insight into the work dorm by the as-sociation the secretary sent in his" annualreport, of which the following are theprincipal features:

To-day the association has & membership ofKilO. comprising 1180 paying members and130 publishers, whoso dues have been re-mitted. Of the 1180 paying member*. 808have paid the fullyear's dues of $6: 158 havepaid $4 50; 137. $-3, and 77,1*150. There haveoeen dropped from the roliabout 152 mem-bers who have refused to pay anything.

The membership of 1310 (January 1, 1896)represents 272 branches of industry in eighty-nine cities and towns of the State, and accord-ing to A.G. Dun's Commercial Agency, has acapital rating of about $82,900,000.' It hesbeen estimated that the members of this asso-ciation employ about 52,500 peesons, and onthe basis of "live dependents to one employewould make 262,500 persons interested di-rectly in the achievement of the object of thisassociation.

Tiie magnificent success of the Oakland Li-

position held December 16 to 23 can be lookedmoon as in a large measure due to the educa-tional work carried on by tms association.The enthusiasm of the people for home prod-ucts and their interest inhome industry clearlyDrove.! that the seeds sown by the Manufactur-

ers' and Producers-Association during the past

nine months have taken root and are begin-

nme to bring forth good fruit. This assoclat onwas presented at the Oakland Exposition

for about three weeks by a delegate sent by the

Unorder \o 'keep the work of the associationmoving until some permanent arrangement

can be made to provide a sufficient income,

several members of the association have agreed

to pay a monthly sum from£2 to .>jO

per month, which subscription now beingpaid. it amounts at the present time to$225a month, but itis expected that this willbe in-creased ifnecessary.

should bo lorgaol.ed inHome-product clubs should be Torganizod in

ail V,"- c.?le» of the State, the M.nutacturersand Producers' Association supplying themwith constitutions and by-law and withiiUnecessaiy printed matter to hold weekly ormonthly meetings and discuss the various re-sources and products of the State. Have themembers of these clubs >i?n pledges to usehome products and supply them with com-plete directories, giving the name or trade-mark of every article manufactured or pro-duced by the members 01 the association.These clubs would in other weyr- be ofimmenseassistance incarrying on the work of the asso-ciation, as through them wecould get infor-

mation as to the product? and undeveloped re-sources of their respective localities. Meansshould be provided so that statistics could becollected showing all articles imported intothe State, and by that means no doubt manu-facturers could be induced to establish plantsfor the manufacture of such articles as couldbe profitably but arc not made here.

The association should have men of intelli-gence who could be present at all meetings ot

Supervi>ors, commissioners, etc.. to keep closewatch upon the awarding of contracts, thepurchase of supplies, etc. ,

We should also be able to at all times knowwhat improvements are contemplated bypublicofficers or private individuals, bo as to be ableto use the influence of the association inbe-half of home products before specifications aredrawn and contracts awarded.

The question of the use of a trademark tobe used on California-made goods could we.lte opened up again and thoroughly inquiredinto, as an apparently strong feeling existsthat one could be made use of.

After the reports were read and the sug-gestions approved Julian Sonnta? brought

up tlie question of holding t!ie next con-vention. He said that when the associa-tion incorporated in .September the officerswere elected to hold office for one year.There were many members, however, whobelieved that the election was to he had :itthe annual convention one year from theorganization of the manufacturers into abody iast April. He thought it only fairthat a new board should be elected earlythis year ifthe mem hers desired.

Chairman Scott shared his views statingthat the present directors could tendertheir resignations to be accepted or re-jected as the members deemed best.

The subject was submitted to a specialcommittee consisting of Keller, Sprouleand Sonntag, who are to look into the by-laws governing the association and reportat the next meeting.

He Took ItOut la Trade.

The Rev. T. p. Clarke, former pa««to- ofone of the Methodist Episcopal entireties

in Syracuse, and now pastor of an inde-pendent church in Brooklyn, was notedfor his success witb the poorer churches inthe country districts. He always suc-ceeded in getting the fall amount of hi3salary, being content to take the same incash or products, as his congregationinieht elect. He was located one year atBridgeport, Madison County, on one ofthe poorest charges of the district. At theclose of his first sermon to the Bridgeportchurch, he said: "Now, brethren amisisters, Iknow you have not much moneytopay your pastor, but Ithink we willgetalong all right. You who cannot pay incasii pay in potatoes or cheese or batter orhay. Pay in anything you raise on yourfarm except two things —dried applcsandbrooms. The last charge I had stockedme up with enough of them to last tenyear?. Remember Idraw the line at driedapples and brooms.' I—Syracuse1

—Syracuse Post.

8 THE SAN FKANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, JANUARY 17, 1896.

NEW 10-DAT.

J^|L Guessing

mm May CostWflYou $20.

Before you decide, oyh>s m>. iBetter call and in- s .- &<s&*'spect, compare ,'

*'rS^jr^jf

and test the beau- 4££p"&Jktiful

—TffSV Tstt£sA

Men's, $85 r'T"" %'££Ladies', 575 B !\^sSS

Catalogue free. Agents wanted.

INDIANA BICYCLE CO.J. S. CONWELL, Manager,

18 and 20 ncAllister St., S. F.

Dangtf Signals"

More than half the victims of consump-tion do not know they have it. Here is a listof symptoms by which consumption cancertainly be detected:—

Cough, one or two slight efforts on

Irising, occurring during the day and fre-quently during the night.

Short breathing after exertion.Tightness of the chest.Quick pulse, especially noticeable in the

evening and after a fullmeal.Chilliness in the evening, followed bySlight fever.Perspiration toward morning and'Paleface and languid in the morning.Loss of vitality.Ifyou have these symptoms, or any ofthem, do not delay. There are many

preparations which claim to be cures, butDr. Hckcr's etifliui)RcaKiyfcr Consumptionhas the highest endorsements, and ha.*-stood the test of years. !t willarrest con-sumption in its \u25a0earlier stages, and driveaway the symptoms named. It is manu-factured by the Acker Medicine Co., 16and IS Chambers St., New York,and soldby all reputable druggists.

"Fggs house,Via«us» ixixa.stou., ID. C

The Hotel "Far Kxcellouce"Of the Katiosai Capital. .First class inall appotai-menu. y,DkWITT. i"re*».

American plan, $3 per day aadupward.

HEALTH RESORTS.

ST. HELENA SANITARIUM(Formerly Rural Health Retreat)

Is under strictly regular management: a quiet,homelike place, where trained nurses, rest cure!massage, electrical treatments, Swedish move^ments. dieting, baths, physical training, and allthat is included in modern rational medical treat-ment, with good hotel conveniences, pure watereven temperature and restful scenery may beobtained.

'Terms: Room, with board and regular treat-ment, $12 to $20 per week.

"Sena for circular:. St. Helena Sanitarium, St.Helena, Xapa County. Cal.Trains leave San Francisco, foot of Mask* itat 7a. m. and 4 m.,via Vallejo Junction reach-ingSt. Helena at 10:-15 a. m. and 7:08 p. v.