figure 12-1 pnp transistor symbol and crystal structure. dale r. patrick electricity and...

FIGURE 12-1FIGURE 12-1 PNP transistor symbol and crystal structure. PNP transistor symbol and crystal structure.

Dale R. PatrickDale R. PatrickElectricity and Electronics: A Survey, Electricity and Electronics: A Survey, 5e5e

FIGURE 12-2FIGURE 12-2 NPN transistor symbol and crystal structure. NPN transistor symbol and crystal structure.

FIGURE 12-3FIGURE 12-3 Emitter-base biasing. Emitter-base biasing.

FIGURE 12-4FIGURE 12-4 Base-collector biasing. Base-collector biasing.

FIGURE 12-5FIGURE 12-5 NPN transistor biasing. NPN transistor biasing.

FIGURE 12-6FIGURE 12-6 Current carriers passing through an NPN transistor. Current carriers passing through an NPN transistor.

FIGURE 12-7FIGURE 12-7 Current carriers passing through a PNP transistor. Current carriers passing through a PNP transistor.

FIGURE 12-8FIGURE 12-8 Collector family of characteristic curves for an NPN transistor. Collector family of characteristic curves for an NPN transistor.

FIGURE 12-9FIGURE 12-9 Operating regions of a transistor. Operating regions of a transistor.

FIGURE 12-10FIGURE 12-10 Transistor operation by regions: (a) active region; (b) cutoff region; (c) saturation region. Transistor operation by regions: (a) active region; (b) cutoff region; (c) saturation region.

FIGURE 12-10FIGURE 12-10 continued continued Transistor operation by regions: (a) active region; (b) cutoff region; (c) saturation region.Transistor operation by regions: (a) active region; (b) cutoff region; (c) saturation region.

FIGURE 12-11FIGURE 12-11 Transistor characteristic curve test circuit. Transistor characteristic curve test circuit.

FIGURE 12-12FIGURE 12-12 Transistor package: (a) small-signal devices; (b) large-signal devices; (c) epoxy devices. Transistor package: (a) small-signal devices; (b) large-signal devices; (c) epoxy devices.

FIGURE 12-12FIGURE 12-12 continued continued Transistor package: (a) small-signal devices; (b) large-signal devices; (c) epoxy devices.Transistor package: (a) small-signal devices; (b) large-signal devices; (c) epoxy devices.

FIGURE 12-13FIGURE 12-13 Junction polarity of (a) PNP and (b) NPN transistors. Junction polarity of (a) PNP and (b) NPN transistors.

FIGURE 12-13FIGURE 12-13 continued continued Junction polarity of (a) PNP and (b) NPN transistors.Junction polarity of (a) PNP and (b) NPN transistors.

FIGURE 12-14FIGURE 12-14 Ohmmeter transistor testing. Ohmmeter transistor testing.

FIGURE 12-15FIGURE 12-15 Transistor gain test: (a) PNP test circuit; (b) NPN test circuit. Transistor gain test: (a) PNP test circuit; (b) NPN test circuit.

FIGURE 12-15FIGURE 12-15 continued continued Transistor gain test: (a) PNP test circuit; (b) NPN test circuit.Transistor gain test: (a) PNP test circuit; (b) NPN test circuit.

FIGURE 12-16FIGURE 12-16 NPN gain test. NPN gain test.

FIGURE 12-17FIGURE 12-17 PNP gain test. PNP gain test.

FIGURE 12-18FIGURE 12-18 N-channel junction field-effect transistor. N-channel junction field-effect transistor.

FIGURE 12-19FIGURE 12-19 Source-drain conduction of a JFET. Source-drain conduction of a JFET.

FIGURE 12-20FIGURE 12-20 P-channel junction field-effect transistor. P-channel junction field-effect transistor.

FIGURE 12-21FIGURE 12-21 Family of drain curves for an N-channel JFET. Family of drain curves for an N-channel JFET.

FIGURE 12-22FIGURE 12-22 Drain curve test circuit for an N-channel JFET. Drain curve test circuit for an N-channel JFET.

FIGURE 12-23FIGURE 12-23 Enhancement mode MOSFET: 9a) N-channel; (b) P-channel. Enhancement mode MOSFET: 9a) N-channel; (b) P-channel.

FIGURE 12-23FIGURE 12-23 continued continued Enhancement mode MOSFET: 9a) N-channel; (b) P-channel.Enhancement mode MOSFET: 9a) N-channel; (b) P-channel.

FIGURE 12-24FIGURE 12-24 Family of drain curves for an E-type MOSFET (N-channel type). Family of drain curves for an E-type MOSFET (N-channel type).

FIGURE 12-25FIGURE 12-25 D-type MOSFET: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel. D-type MOSFET: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel.

FIGURE 12-25FIGURE 12-25 continued continued D-type MOSFET: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel.D-type MOSFET: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel.

FIGURE 12-26FIGURE 12-26 Family of drain curves for a D-type N-channel MOSFET. Family of drain curves for a D-type N-channel MOSFET.

FIGURE 12-27FIGURE 12-27 Cross-sectional view of an N-channel V-MOSFET. Cross-sectional view of an N-channel V-MOSFET.

FIGURE 12-28FIGURE 12-28 Unijunction transistor. Unijunction transistor.

FIGURE 12-29FIGURE 12-29 Characteristic curve for a UJT. Characteristic curve for a UJT.

FIGURE 12-30FIGURE 12-30 Resistance values of a JFET: 9a) N-channel; (b) P-1 channel. Resistance values of a JFET: 9a) N-channel; (b) P-1 channel.

FIGURE 12-31FIGURE 12-31 D-MOSFET resistances: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel; (c) N-1 channel; (d) P-channel. D-MOSFET resistances: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel; (c) N-1 channel; (d) P-channel.

FIGURE 12-32FIGURE 12-32 E-MOSFET resistances: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel; (c) N-1 channel; (d) P-channel. E-MOSFET resistances: (a) N-channel; (b) P-channel; (c) N-1 channel; (d) P-channel.

FIGURE 12-33FIGURE 12-33 UJT ohmmeter resistance values. UJT ohmmeter resistance values.

figure 12-1 pnp transistor symbol and crystal structure. dale r. patrick electricity and...

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