fire safety fire risk assessment colin de jongh health and safety manager
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FireFire SafetySafety
Fire risk assessmentFire risk assessment
Colin de Jongh
Health and Safety Manager
Regulatory Reform OrderRegulatory Reform Order(Fire Safety)(Fire Safety)
Enacted 1Enacted 1stst October 2006 October 2006 Fire certificates cease to have effectFire certificates cease to have effect New duty holder “Responsible New duty holder “Responsible
Person”Person” Must carry out a fire risk assessmentMust carry out a fire risk assessment
Responsible PersonResponsible Person
The person who has to any extent The person who has to any extent the control of :the control of :
A workplace – the employer, A workplace – the employer, managers, supervisors etc.managers, supervisors etc.
The premises – owner, occupier The premises – owner, occupier or agentor agent
Responsible PersonResponsible Person
Must appoint competent person(s) to Must appoint competent person(s) to assist with fire safety measuresassist with fire safety measures
Take general fire precautions to ensure Take general fire precautions to ensure safety of employees and other relevant safety of employees and other relevant personspersons
Does not apply to domestic premises, Does not apply to domestic premises, ships at sea, vehicles, fields or woods, ships at sea, vehicles, fields or woods, mines etc.mines etc.
Does apply to external events.Does apply to external events.
General Fire PrecautionsGeneral Fire Precautions
Reduce the risk and spread of fireReduce the risk and spread of fire Ensure means of escape at all timesEnsure means of escape at all times Fire fighting measures on premisesFire fighting measures on premises Fire detection and warnings of Fire detection and warnings of Action in the case of fireAction in the case of fire
Training and instructionTraining and instruction Measures to mitigate the effectsMeasures to mitigate the effects
Main causation of fires Main causation of fires (12 months Jan 05 to Dec 05)(12 months Jan 05 to Dec 05)
1.1. Deliberate ignition - 53Deliberate ignition - 53
2.2. Electrical - 34Electrical - 34
3.3. Cooking - 13Cooking - 13
4.4. Friction, heat and sparks - 12Friction, heat and sparks - 12
5.5. Smoking materials - 11Smoking materials - 11
6.6. Naked light - 4Naked light - 4>£250K
OrganisationsOrganisations (12 months Jan 05 to Dec 05) (12 months Jan 05 to Dec 05)
1.1. Dwellings - 27Dwellings - 27
2.2. Local/national government – 25Local/national government – 25
3.3. Hospitality & food and drink Hospitality & food and drink industry - 13industry - 13
4.4. Retail – 12Retail – 12
5.5. Chemical Industry - 11Chemical Industry - 11
6.6. Education - 9Education - 9>£250K
Fire safety risk assessmentFire safety risk assessment
1.1. Identify the fire hazardsIdentify the fire hazards
2.2. Identify the people at riskIdentify the people at risk
3.3. Evaluate, remove or reduce, and Evaluate, remove or reduce, and protect from riskprotect from risk
4.4. Record, plan, inform, instruct, and Record, plan, inform, instruct, and traintrain
5.5. ReviewReview
1.1. Identify the fire hazardsIdentify the fire hazards
Identify:Identify: Sources of ignitionSources of ignition Sources of fuelSources of fuel Sources of oxygenSources of oxygen
Sources of ignitionSources of ignition
ARSONARSON Smokers materialsSmokers materials Naked flamesNaked flames Electrical, gas, Electrical, gas,
portable heating portable heating equipmentequipment
Hot processes- Hot processes- paint stripping, paint stripping, weldingwelding
Lighting equipmentLighting equipment
Sources of fuelSources of fuel
Flammable liquid Flammable liquid based productsbased products
Packaging materialsPackaging materials Waste productsWaste products StationaryStationary Soft furnishings and Soft furnishings and
furniturefurniture Some construction Some construction
materialsmaterials
Sources of OxygenSources of Oxygen
The air around usThe air around us Air conditioningAir conditioning Some chemicals Some chemicals Oxygen supplies – Oxygen supplies –
cylinder storagecylinder storage Pyrotechnics Pyrotechnics
2. Identify the people at 2. Identify the people at riskrisk
Employees Employees especially those especially those who work alonewho work alone
Vulnerable peopleVulnerable people ContractorsContractors Young peopleYoung people Other people in the Other people in the
immediate vicinityimmediate vicinity Fire fightersFire fighters
3. Evaluate, remove, 3. Evaluate, remove, reduce, and protect from reduce, and protect from
riskrisk
Evaluate the risk of a fire occurring:-Evaluate the risk of a fire occurring:- AccidentallyAccidentally By act or omissionBy act or omission DeliberatelyDeliberately
3. Evaluate, remove, reduce, 3. Evaluate, remove, reduce, and protect from riskand protect from risk
Evaluate the risk to peopleEvaluate the risk to people
Fire is spread by:Fire is spread by: ConvectionConvection ConductionConduction RadiationRadiation Contact or direct heatContact or direct heat
Evaluating the risks to Evaluating the risks to peoplepeople
Consider:Consider: Fires on lower floors can affect escape Fires on lower floors can affect escape
routes for those on upper floorsroutes for those on upper floors Fires developing in unoccupied spaces Fires developing in unoccupied spaces
which people have to passwhich people have to pass Spread of fire or smoke via vertical shafts Spread of fire or smoke via vertical shafts
and service or ventilation ductsand service or ventilation ducts Fires in service rooms affecting hazardous Fires in service rooms affecting hazardous
materialsmaterials
Remove or reduce the hazards Remove or reduce the hazards - sources of ignition- sources of ignition
Replace potential sources of ignition with an Replace potential sources of ignition with an alternativealternative
Replace naked flame and radiant heaters Replace naked flame and radiant heaters with fixed convector heaters or central with fixed convector heaters or central heatingheating
Separate ignition sources and fuelsSeparate ignition sources and fuels Check areas after hot work has taken placeCheck areas after hot work has taken place Take precautions to avoid arsonTake precautions to avoid arson
Remove or reduce the hazards Remove or reduce the hazards - sources of fuel- sources of fuel
Ensure flammable materials, liquids Ensure flammable materials, liquids and gases are kept to a minimum and gases are kept to a minimum and stored properlyand stored properly
Do not keep flammable solids, liquids Do not keep flammable solids, liquids and gases togetherand gases together
Remove combustible waste dailyRemove combustible waste daily Store waste materials securely away Store waste materials securely away
from buildings.from buildings.
Remove or reduce the hazards Remove or reduce the hazards – sources of oxygen– sources of oxygen
Close all doors, windows and other Close all doors, windows and other openings when not required for openings when not required for ventilationventilation
Shut down inessential ventilation Shut down inessential ventilation systemssystems
Do not store oxidising materials next to Do not store oxidising materials next to heat sources or flammable materialsheat sources or flammable materials
Control use of oxygen cylindersControl use of oxygen cylinders
Remove or reduce the hazards Remove or reduce the hazards – to people– to people
Ensure that any risks remaining to Ensure that any risks remaining to people are controlled people are controlled
Provide systems to warn people and Provide systems to warn people and allow them to escape in the event of allow them to escape in the event of firefire
Provide adequate exits for the Provide adequate exits for the number of people presentnumber of people present
Fire detection and warning Fire detection and warning systemssystems
System will depend on the size and System will depend on the size and layout of the buildinglayout of the building
It should provide adequate warning in It should provide adequate warning in the event of a firethe event of a fire
Automatic or manual?Automatic or manual? You may/will need special You may/will need special
arrangements for people with arrangements for people with disabilitiesdisabilities
Fire-fighting equipment and Fire-fighting equipment and facilitiesfacilities
Can reduce the risk of a small fire Can reduce the risk of a small fire (waste paper bin) developing into a (waste paper bin) developing into a larger onelarger one
Controlling a fire in the early stages Controlling a fire in the early stages can reduce the risk to peoplecan reduce the risk to people
There should be enough portable There should be enough portable extinguishers suitable for the riskextinguishers suitable for the risk
They should be sited throughout the They should be sited throughout the premises at suitable locationspremises at suitable locations
Fire-fighting equipment and Fire-fighting equipment and facilitiesfacilities
Co2Co2 Foam Foam Powder Powder WaterWater
Fire-fighting equipment and Fire-fighting equipment and facilitiesfacilities
Class A fire – rule of thumb Class A fire – rule of thumb one one water extinguisher for every 200mwater extinguisher for every 200m²² minimum 2 per floorminimum 2 per floor
Additional risks – appropriate type & Additional risks – appropriate type & number of extinguishers. See BS number of extinguishers. See BS 5306-8 5306-8
Other facilitiesOther facilities
Can include:Can include: Access for fire engines and fire-fightersAccess for fire engines and fire-fighters Fire-fighting shafts and liftsFire-fighting shafts and lifts Fire suppression systems – sprinklersFire suppression systems – sprinklers Smoke-control systemsSmoke-control systems Dry or wet rising mains and fire-fighters inletsDry or wet rising mains and fire-fighters inlets Information and communication systemsInformation and communication systems Fire-fighters switchesFire-fighters switches
Escape routesEscape routes
Escape routes should be:Escape routes should be: SuitableSuitable Easily, safely and immediately usable at all Easily, safely and immediately usable at all
timestimes Adequate for the number of peopleAdequate for the number of people Free from any obstructions, slip or trips Free from any obstructions, slip or trips
hazardshazards Available for access by the emergency Available for access by the emergency
servicesservices
Escape routesEscape routes
Suitable:Suitable: Fire resistant constructionFire resistant construction Escape routes should not go through Escape routes should not go through
other occupiers premisesother occupiers premises Doors should open in the direction of Doors should open in the direction of
traveltravel Be fitted with vision panels if over 60 Be fitted with vision panels if over 60
peoplepeople
Emergency evacuation of Emergency evacuation of persons with mobility persons with mobility
impairmentimpairment Do not use lifts unless alternative power Do not use lifts unless alternative power
supplies and protected from smokesupplies and protected from smoke Take to refuge and wait for assistance or Take to refuge and wait for assistance or
begin staged evacuationbegin staged evacuation – provide – provide communications.communications.
You must have plans to evacuate without You must have plans to evacuate without assistanceassistance
Consider use of evacuation chairsConsider use of evacuation chairs Provide buddy system for those with visual Provide buddy system for those with visual
impairmentimpairment Visual alarms in cases of hearing impairmentVisual alarms in cases of hearing impairment
Emergency escape lightingEmergency escape lighting
Provided on all escape routes to assist Provided on all escape routes to assist in evacuation and should cover:in evacuation and should cover:
Exit doors and escape routesExit doors and escape routes Intersections of corridorsIntersections of corridors Outside each final exit and external Outside each final exit and external
escape routes and stairwaysescape routes and stairways Changes in levelChanges in level Fire equipment and alarm call pointsFire equipment and alarm call points
Signs and noticesSigns and notices
Comply with British Comply with British or European or European standardsstandards
Not mixed Not mixed Be fire resistantBe fire resistant
British StandardBritish Standard
European StandardEuropean Standard
Installation, testing & Installation, testing & maintenancemaintenance
Installed by competent personsInstalled by competent persons Maintained in line with Maintained in line with
manufacturers guidancemanufacturers guidance Tested weekly Tested weekly Inspected quarterlyInspected quarterly Records kept for inspectionRecords kept for inspection
4. Record, plan, inform, 4. Record, plan, inform, instruct & traininstruct & train
Fire risk assessment – recorded available Fire risk assessment – recorded available for inspectionfor inspection
Actions prioritised and implementedActions prioritised and implemented Evacuation plans developed, implemented Evacuation plans developed, implemented
and tested – at least twice annually or once and tested – at least twice annually or once per termper term
Employee groups informed of resultsEmployee groups informed of results Employees, visitors, contractors given Employees, visitors, contractors given
adequate training and instructionadequate training and instruction
5. Review5. Review
Review risk assessments, plans etc:Review risk assessments, plans etc: When changes occur – changes to When changes occur – changes to
work processes, alterations to the work processes, alterations to the building or work patternsbuilding or work patterns
Introduction of new equipment, Introduction of new equipment, hazardous substances, significant hazardous substances, significant increase in peopleincrease in people
At least annuallyAt least annually
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