flow chart for koeppen_s climate classification
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FLOW CHART FOR KPPENS CLIMATE CLASSIFICATIONFIRST LETTER SYMBOLA TROPICAL CLIMATES
Monthly temperatures all greater than or equal to 18C.B DRY CLIMATES
Potential evapotranspiration exceeds precipitation.C WET TEMPERATE (MARITIME) CLIMATES
Average temperature of coldest month is at least -3Cbut less than 18C; warmest month at least 10C.
D COOL TEMPERATE (CONTINENTAL) CLIMATESColdest month less than -3C; warmest month at least10C.
E POLAR CLIMATESMonthly temperatures all less than 10C.
SECOND LETTER SYMBOLF FROST/ICE
All months less than 0C.S STEPPE
See Figure 1.T TUNDRA
Warmest month at least 0C.W DESERT
See Figure 1.f WET ALL YEAR
See Figure 2; or, every month receives at least 30 mm ofprecipitation for C and D climates.
m MONSOONShort dry season.
s SUMMER DRYSee Figure 2; or, driest summer month less than or equalto 1/3 of precipitation of wettest winter month.
w WINTER DRYSee Figure 2; or, driest winter month less than or equalto 1/10 of precipitation of wettest summer month.
THIRD LETTER SYMBOLa HOT SUMMER
Warmest month greater than or equal to 22C.b WARM LONG SUMMER
At least 4 months have temperatures of 10C or above butunder 22C.
c SHORT SUMMER1 to 3 months have temperatures of 10C or above butunder 22C.
d SEVERE WINTERColdest month less than -38C.
h HOTAnnual temperature is 18C or greater.
k COOLAnnual temperature is less than 18C.
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Ds-None exist
EF
ET
Af
Dfd
Dwd
BWk
BWh
BSk
BSh
Am
Aw
As
Cfa
Cwa
Csa
Dfa
Dwa
Cfb
Cwb
Cfc
Cwc-None exist
Csb
Csc-None exist
Dfb
Dfc
Dwb
Dwc
FLOW CHART FOR KPPENS CLIMATE CLASSIFICATIONT and P refer to normal monthly values of Temperature and Precipitation
Is every T
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FLOW CHART FOR KPPENS CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION
30C
20C
10C
0C
-10C
0 mm
200 mm
400 mm
600 mm
800 mm
Normal Annual Temperature
Normal Annual Precipitation
Even Distribution
25C
15C
5C
-5C
-15C
100 mm
300 mm
500 mm
700 mm
900 mm
B W B S
A, C, D, or E
Normal Annual Temperature
30C
20C
10C
0C
-10C
0 mm
200 mm
400 mm
600 mm
800 mm
Normal Annual Precipitation
Winter Concentration
25C
15C
5C
-5C
-15C
100 mm
300 mm
500 mm
700 mm
900 mm
B W B S
A, C, D, or E
30C
20C
10C
0C
-10C
0 mm
200 mm
400 mm
600 mm
800 mm
Normal Annual Temperature
Normal Annual Precipitation
Summer Concentration
25C
15C
5C
-5C
-15C
100 mm
300 mm
500 mm
700 mm
900 mm
B W B S
A, C, D, or E
FIGURE 1
Figure 1: First, divide the year into two six-month seasons: April-September and October-March, representing Summer or Winter in their respective hemispheres.If 70% or more of the annual precipitation total falls into one of these two seasons, then that season is considered to have a precipitation concentration.If not, then precipitation is considered to fall evenly throughout the year.
FIGURE 2
2,500 mm
1,500 mm
500 mm
0 mm
20 mm
40 mm
60 mm
80 mm
Mean Annual Precipitation
Precipitation of Driest Month
3,000 mm
2,000 mm
1,000 mm
0 mm
10 mm
30 mm
50 mm
70 mm
Af
A m
Aw, As
Figure 2: First, divide the year into two six-month seasons: April-September and October-March, representing Summer or Winter in their respective hemispheres.If 70% or more of the annual precipitation total falls into one of these two seasons, then that season is considered to have a precipitation concentration.If not, then precipitation is considered to fall evenly throughout the year.
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