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FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics RijnhuizenAssociation Euratom-FOM
T E C
T E C
Carbon Chemical Erosion Yield Experiments in Pilot-PSI
Jeroen WesterhoutThe Pilot-PSI and Magnum-PSI team:
W.A.J. Vijvers, R.S. Al, H.J.N. van Eck, B. de Groot, W.R. Koppers, H.J. van der Meiden, R.J.E. van de Peppel, M.J. van de Pol, P.R. Prins, W.F. van Prooijen, A.E. Shumack, L.W. Veldhuizen, A.W. Kleyn, W.J. Goedheer, N.J. Lopes Cardozo and G.J. van Rooij
: R. Engeln, D.C. Schram
Forschungszentrum Jülich (TEC): S. Brezinsek
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 2
T E CContents
• Pilot-PSI
• Results– Plasma Conditions– Power to Target– Spectroscopy– Profilometry
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• Magnum-PSI
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 3
T E CExperimental Setup: Pilot-PSI
Source TargetB
Coils
Water cooling
To pumps
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 4
T E CExperimental Setup: Diagnostics
Spectrometer
Target
Calorimetry from cooling water
Thomson Scattering at 17 mm in front of target
Window
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 5
T E CResults: Plasma Conditions
5
4
3
2
1
0Ele
ctro
n te
mpe
ratu
re (
eV)
Electron density (m-3)1019 1020 1021 1022
6 Target floatingTarget grounded
0.4 T0.8 T1.2 T1.6 T
≥ 200 A150 A100 A
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 6
T E C
-8 -4 0 4 80
4
8
12
16
20
Hea
t flu
x (M
W m
-2)
Position (mm)
Results: Power to Target
• ne = 1.2 ± 0.1·1021 m-3, Te = 2.0 ± 0.2 eV, assume v = 3000 m/s, assume E = Eion + Ediss + 3/2 k(Te + Ti))→ Peak heat flux = 12.6 MW m-2
• Integrated profile→ Flux = 3.7·1020 s-1 → Power = 1.2 kW
• Power in cooling water 1.8 kW
→ Plasma velocity? Target temperature?
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 7
T E CResults: Spectroscopy
• S/XB from ADAS, D/XB from HYDKIN
422 426 430 4340
2
4
6
8
Inte
nsity
(a.
u.)
Wavelength (nm)
CH
H-
0.4 nm
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 8
T E CResults: Spectroscopy
• Ion flux: = ne·v, assume v = 3000 m/s
0 1 2 3 40
4
8
12
16
Bal
mer
- fl
ux (
a.u.
)
Ion flux (×1024 m-2 s-1)
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 9
T E CResults: Profilometry
• 1.0 slm H2, 100 A, 0.4 T, target grounded, 100 sec.
• ne = 0.9 ± 0.1·1020 m-3, Te = 4.0 ± 0.2 eV
→ Peak heat flux = 1.2 MW m-2
10 mm-8 -4 0 4 80.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Ele
ctro
n de
nsity
(×
1020
m-3)
Position (mm)
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 10
T E C
Position (mm)
Results: Profilometry
10 mm
30
0
-30
Hei
ght (
µm
)
5 10 15 20
-8 -4 0 4 80.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Ele
ctro
n de
nsity
(×
1020
m-3)
Position (mm)
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 11
T E CResults: Profilometry
• B10: 2 slm H2, 120 A, 0.4-1.2 T, varying current to the target (up to 120 A).
• ne = 9.5 ± 0.5·1020 m-3, Te = 2.9 ± 0.1 eV
→ Peak heat flux = 11.2 MW m-2
10 mm-15 -10 -5 0 5 100
4
8
12
Ele
ctro
n de
nsity
(×
1020
m-3)
Position (mm)
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 12
T E CResults: Profilometry
10 mm
20
0
-20 -40
Hei
ght (
µm
)
5 10 15 20Position (mm)
-15 -10 -5 0 5 100
4
8
12
Ele
ctro
n de
nsity
(×
1020
m-3)
Position (mm)
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 13
T E CResults: Profilometry
• Erosion ≈ 0.94 mm3
• Deposition ≈ 0.47 mm3
20
0
-20
-40
Hei
ght (
µm
)
5 10 15 20Position (mm)
50 %
> 150 μm
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 14
T E CResults: Chemical Erosion
Pilot-PSI
J. Roth et al., Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 337-339, Iss. 1 (2005), 970-974
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 15
T E CDiscussion
• Plasma velocity → Flux
• Target temperature (time dependence)
• Erosion profiles (anode spots)
• Rings (colours)
• Composition of deposited material
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 16
T E CConclusions
• ITER-like conditions achieved in Pilot-PSI
• First chemical erosion results are in line with literature
• Erosion process(es) not fully understood
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 17
T E CMagnum-PSI
Superconducting magnet
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 18
T E CMagnum-PSI
Access ITER relevant regime of PSI:• 1024 ions m-2 s-1 in H2 or D2
• 3 T magnetic field• 10 cm beam diameter• Low plasma temperature < 7 eV• 5-10 MW m-2 energy flux density on target• Pressure near target 1-10 Pa
Total length: 14 m
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 19
T E CFuture Work
• Plasma velocities (and neutrals)
• Target temperature → improve cooling
• Spectroscopy with fiber bundle (chemical erosion profile)
• Magnum-PSI source development: widening the plasma beam
FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics RijnhuizenAssociation Euratom-FOM
T E C
T E C
Carbon Chemical Erosion Yield Experiments in Pilot-PSI
Jeroen WesterhoutThe Pilot-PSI team:
W.A.J. Vijvers, R.S. Al, B. de Groot, H.J. van der Meiden, R.J.E. van de Peppel, M.J. van de Pol, P.R. Prins, W.F. van Prooijen, A.E. Shumack, L.W. Veldhuizen, A.W. Kleyn, W.J. Goedheer, N.J. Lopes Cardozo and G.J. van Rooij
: R. Engeln, D.C. Schram
Forschungszentrum Jülich (TEC): S. Brezinsek
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 21
T E CResults: Plasma Conditions
5
4
3
2
1
0Ele
ctro
n T
empe
ratu
re (
eV)
Electron Density (m-3)1019 1020 1021 1022
6 Target floatingTarget grounded
0.4 T0.8 T1.2 T1.6 T
≥ 200 A150 A100 A
A9
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 22
T E CResults: Power to Target
• ne = 0.95 ± 0.05·1020 m-3, Te = 4.0 ± 0.3 eV, 100 sec. → Peak heat flux = 1.2 MW m-2
• Integrated profile→ Flux = 3.3·1019 s-1 → Power = 100 W
• Power in cooling water 940 W
→ ?
Chemical Erosion and Transport Meeting - 23-03-2007 23
T E CResults: Power to Target
• 55 A
• ne = 8.5 ± 0.5·1020 m-3, Te = 2.3 ± 0.1 eV
• Flux = 2.8·1020 s-1
• W = 1.4 kW
• 120 A
• ne = 10 ± 0.5·1020 m-3, Te = 2.9 ± 0.1 eV
• Flux = 3.4·1020 s-1
• W = 2.6 kW
• 1.8 slm H2, 200 A, 0.8 T, current to target:
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