foundation of education"_ humanities shapes learner

Background

• In 1950, Humanistic psychology gave rise after Behaviorismand psychoanalysis.

• Humanistic psychology was popularised during the 1950s and 1960s following WWII and the cold war.

• During this time period, psychologists were seeking a more optimistic approach in response to the stresses that came with war.

• Humanism was largely influenced by early Greekphillosophers, as well as Europeans of the Renaissance era, who believed that human beings were unique.

DEFINITION

• Humanism claims that people have the ability to shape their owndestiny, and this is not driven by bioligical, instinctive influences.

• An approach in study, philosophy, or practice that focuses on human values and concerns.

• A system of thought that rejects religious beliefs and centers on humans and their values, capacities, and worth.

• The approach assumes that every person is unique and psychology should focus on the subjective feelings, thoughts of the person andfreedom.

• The focus is on each individual, not whole populations. Learning is student-centered, personal act.

HUMANISM

PRINCIPLES

Students will learn best what they want and

need to know

Feelings are as important as facts

Self-evaluation is the only meaningful

evaluation of a student's work

Knowing how to learn is more

important than acquiring a lot of

knowledge

Students learn best in a non-threatening environment

OBJECTIVES

promote positive self-direction and independence,

an interest in the arts,

curiosity,

develop creativity,

develop the ability to take responsibility for what is learned.

Learning Methods

Cooperative

Teachers as facilitators

The methodology of choice for foundational knowledge

Goal: to work together in harmony and mutual support

to find the solution

More appropriate for children

Collaborative

Teachers as participants

It is connected to the social constructionist's view that

knowledge is a social construct

Goal: to develop autonomous, articulate, thinking people

More appropriate for college students

TECHNIQUES

round table,

pairs check,

inside-outside circle,

paraphrase passport,

think-pair-share,

interview,

talking chips.

Teachers’ Roles

Teacher serves more as a facilitator encouraging the student to learn and discover for themselves. He efforts to develope a childs’ self-esteem. Teachers are urged to trust children and let or help them grow.

Students’ Roles

Learning on a first hand basis how to find the answer and being accountable for the discovery of their own solutions. It would be important for children to feel good about themselves. The learners need to have control over the learning process. Selflearning is emphasized.

ABRAHAM MASLOW

• (1908 - 1970)

• An American psychologist.

• He is considered to be the founder of humanistic psychology.

• He developed the Hierarchy of Needs theory that remains valid today for

understanding human motivation, management training, and personal

development.

‘’Human nature is basically good, not evil.Normal human development

involves the actualization of this inherent goodness.’’

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

These include the most basic needs that are vital to

survival, such as water, air (oxygen), food, and

sleep/rest.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

It includes a desire for steady employment, health care,

safe neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.

It involves emotionally-based relationships in general,

such as friendship, intimacy, acceptance.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND

BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

It includes the need for things that reflect on self-

esteem, personal worth, social recognition, and

accomplishment.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND

BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS

SELF-

ACTUALIZATION

NEED

FOR

It is the instinctual need of humans to make the

most of their abilities and to strive to be the best

they can.

Maslow’s

Definition of a Self-actualized Person

has no mental illness,

satisfied in basic needs,

fully exploited talents,

motivated by values.

Some Characteristics of Self-actualizing persons

increased autonomy and resistance to conformity,

higher frequency of peak experiences,

increased identification with the human species,

improved interpersonal experiences,

more democratic character structure,

high levels of creativity,

superior perception of reality,

increased acceptance of self, of others, and of nature,

increased spontaneity,

greater freshness of appreciation and richness of emotional reaction.

CARL ROGERS

• (1902 – 1987)

• He was an influential American psychologist.

• He is among the founders of the Humanistic Approach.

‘’ We need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for

us to grow.’’

Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Perspective

• Being open with your own feelings.

• Being transparent and self-disclosing.Genuineness

• Accepting yourself or others completelyregardless of circumstances. Acceptance

• Listening, sharing, understanding and mirroring feelings and reflecting their meanings.Empathy

Self-Concept

• All of thoughts and feelings about ourselves. WHO AM I?

• Both Rogers and Maslow believed that your self-concept is at the center of your personality.

• If our self concept is positive; we tend to act and perceive the world positively.

• If our self-concept is negative; we fall short of our ‘’ideal self’’ and feel dissatisfied and unhappy.

• Two primary sources that influence our self-concept are childhood experiences and evaluation by others.

The self-concept includes three components

Self worth: What we think about ourselves.

Self image: How we see ourselves. It includes the influence of our body image on inner personality.

Ideal self: The person who we would like to be. Itincludes our goals and ambitions.

A person with low self-worth A person with high self-worth

He avoids challenges in life,

doesn’t accept that life can be

painful and unhappy at times, and

will be defensive and guarded by

other people.

S/he has confidence and positive

feelings about him or herself, faces

challenges in life, accepts failures

and unhappiness at times, and is

open with people.

Five characteristics

of the fully functioning

person

Open to experience

Existential living

Trust feelingsCreativity

Fulfilled life