french & indian war french vs. english

French & Indian War

French vs. EnglishConquest for the

North American Empire

French Possessions In North America

English Possessions In North America

French in North America

British in North America

Native Americans

French in North America

British in North America

The Ohio River Valley is ready to explode!

Why?

French and Indian War

Reasons For the War:

A.

B.

1. Fur Trade

2. LandA.

B.

C.

D.

3. Indian Relations A.

B.

C.

A. Earliest & most important industry for French (business) in North America

B. 1500s-1800s Beaver fur was used to make hats, they were the fashion in Europe.

* One of the causes of the French and Indian War.

1. The Fur Trade

Beaver Fur

Beaver Trap

* Another cause of the French and Indian War.A. English colonists bought 500,000 acres of

land in the Ohio Valley to farm. B. This would hurt the French colonial fur trade.* This brought economic, religious, and political

conflict between the English and French in the Ohio River Valley.

2. Land

French in North America

• Land was originally claimed by French explorers.

•French fur traders used the Ohio River area for fur trading.

C. French gov’t built forts to stop English taking the land.

• The English colonies grew and prospered. New colonists were looking for more land.

•Free or cheap land offered new opportunities and economic freedom.

D. English government built forts and started to grant land to its citizens.

British in North America

A. French have better relationships with Indians.

B. English wanted to take their land for farming.

Most French colonists were fur traders and trappers.

C. French only wanted the fur. They didn’t want to stay on the land.▪ They lived among the Indians and

adopted their ways.▪ They learned to make canoes, trap

animals, make snow shoes, and etc..▪ They learned Native American

languages.▪ They took Indian brides.

▪ Bi-racial children

3. Indian Relations

French in North America

British in North America

The English attack French Fort Duquesne. The attack was a disaster and was the beginning of the French and Indian War.

French in North America

British in North America

The war is fought on two continents (North America and Europe)

In America, they fought over control of the entire Western frontier including the Ohio River Valley.

In Europe, France and England began to fight in what was called the Seven Years War.

War

French and Indian War

Advantages of Each Side

1. British/American Advantages:

A.

B. 1. 2.C.

D.

2. French Advantages: A.

B.

C.

1. British/American ColoniesA. Larger Population▪ 1,485,000

B. Militias▪ Poorly organized and

equipped.1. They were ready at a

moment’s notice.2. Fighting the Indians

for over a 100 years.

C. Self-supporting▪ Produced enough food

and supplies.

D. Britain controlled the seas.

2. French Colonies Single Colonial

GovernmentA. One government

meant less discussion during decision making. (American colonists didn’t always agree to follow British orders)

B. Pattern of Settlement▪ Clustered together

1. Towns were close together

C. Well-fortified positions▪ Build high on cliffs.

Advantages of Each Side

French and Indian War

Disadvantages of Each Side

1. British/American

Disadvantages:

A. 1.

B.

2. French Disadvantages:A.

B.

C. 1.

2.

1. British/American ColoniesA. Colonial

Assemblies1. Each colony

jealously guarded its own power.

B. Fighting an Offensive War▪ Attack Quebec and

Montreal to win the war.

2. French ColoniesA. Smaller Population▪ 75,000

B. Depended on Imports▪ British controlled the

seas.

C. Troops1. France sent few

troops over.2. Defense fell to the fur

trading companies.

Disadvantages of Each Side

French and Indian War

Native American Involvement

1. British/American Allies:

A. 1.

B.

2. French Allies:A.

1.

2.

1. British/American ColoniesA. Iroquois

League1. Mostly neutral,

but did fight occasionally.

B. Chief of the Mohawks

Joseph Brant Became a colonel

in the British army.

2. French ColoniesA. Algonquins,

Ottawas & the Hurons1. Longtime

trading partners2. Didn’t trust the

land grabbing white settlers.

Native American Involvement

French and Indian War

Albany Plan

A. B.C.D.

Battle of Quebec

A. B.

C.

D.

E.

F.

G.H.

The Albany PlanBEN

FRANKLIN

A. 1754- Delegates from nine of the thirteen colonies

met in Albany, New York.B.Ben Franklin (drew it up), delegate from

Pennsylvania came to Albany with a “Plan of Union” or “Albany Plan”, a loose union or compact between the colonies.

C.A promise from the colonies to work together.D. The plan failed because the colonial

assemblies and the British Parliament rejected it.

The Albany Plan

Written by James Fenimore Cooper

The Last of the Mohicans is part of a series of four books called The Leatherstocking Tales.

Follows the life of a colonial boy and his Native American friend.

The Last of the Mohicans

A. Turning Point of War

B. September 13, 1759

C. British approach Quebec by sea and climb cliffs-surprise attack

D. Plains of Abraham

E. French caught off guard.

F. Commanders of both armies die in battle

G. British claim victory

H. French surrender in America a year later on September 6, 1760

British General-James Wolf’s death at Quebec

French and Indian War

War Ends

A. B.

Results of the French and Indian War

A. B. 1.

C.

* France and Britain continued fighting in Europe for three more years

A. Treaty of Paris is signed on February 10, 1763-this ends the war.

B. France surrenders all land in North America to Britain

Results of WarResults of WarA. Britain gained control over half the North

American continent, including French Canada, all French territorial claims-everything east of the Mississippi River, and Spanish Florida.

B. Another result of the war was - British decide to reevaluate their relationship with the colonies.

1. Want to re-establish control.C. The British government also faced pressing

financial problems. They owed a lot of money. 1. Britain began fighting in 1754 with a

national debt of approximately 75 million pounds, but the war effort caused the debt to soar to 133 million pounds by 1763.

Proclamation Line of 1763The British declared that American colonists would not be allowed to set up or keep settlements west of an imaginary line running down the crest of the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation acknowledged that Native Americans owned the lands on which they were then residing and white settlers in the area were to be removed.Appalachian Mountains

Mississippi River

Topic: French and Indian War

French vs. British & American Colonists--with Indians fighting on both sides.

War in North America and Europe

War is over land, farming and furs.

Ben Franklin draws a political cartoon and writes the Albany Plan to try and get the colonies to work together.

Britain and the British colonists won the war!!

The Treaty of Paris, 1763, officially ends the war.

France looses North America and the British take over their land.

Proclamation Line of 1763 which is England’s attempt to control the colonies

Most Important Things to Remember!Most Important Things to Remember!