french revolution
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The French Revolution
France in 1789Crippling National Debt
Extensive unemployment
Widespread malnutrition and starvation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
% of Income Spent on Bread
1787
1788
Three Estates First Estate
Clergy .5% of population, 10% of land
Second Estate Nobility 1.5% of population, 25% of land
Third Estate Commoners 98% of population, 65% of land
Estates General King convenes to raise taxes Needed money because of Seven
Years’ War and American Revolution
How should they vote?
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate1
1
1
How should they vote?
Commoners3rd Estate
Aristocracy2nd Estate
Clergy1st Estate300
300
648
Royal ResponseKing locks out Estates General
Meet anyway as the National Assembly – Third Estate only
Tennis Court Oath – vow to meet until they have a constitution
Bastille King fires financial
advisor
Parisian crowds riot, storm Bastille prison
July 14, 1789 – French Independence Day
National Assembly Exercises Power
August 1789 – Assembly abolishes feudalism
December 1789 – Assembly takes over property of churchAbolished church’s ability to taxConfiscated church propertyMade clergy state employeesReplaced church with the “Cult of
Reason”
More National Assembly Actions
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Liberté, Egalité, FraternitéLiberty, Equality, Fraternity
(Brotherhood)Eventually establish a
constitutional monarchy
War Austria and Prussia
declare war on France Defeated by
nationalist French army
Led to execution of Louis XVI
Monarchy abolished, Republic established
Dissent in the National Assembly
Split between conservatives and radical liberals
JacobinJacobinss
MontagnarMontagnardsds
(“The (“The Mountain”)Mountain”)
GirondistsGirondistsMonarchíeMonarchíe
nn(Royalists)(Royalists)
1790s:1790s:The PlainThe Plain
(swing (swing votes)votes)
Factions Turn on Each Other
Conservatives – Girondins
Radicals – Jacobins
Led by Maximilien Robespierre
Jean-Paul Marat Jacobin who used
his newspapers to influence public opinion
Whipped up public opinion against Girondins
Killed in his bathtub by Girondin assassin
Reign of Terror Robespierre seizes
opportunity Cracks down on enemies
Girondins Anyone who disagreed with him
Over 18,000 executed from 1793 to 1794
Eventually runs out of political support Loses power Is executed himself in 1794
After the Reign of Terror Girondins take over and take revenge Write a new constitution, but nothing
changes Very little control from the government Much social unrest and riots
Military called upon to put them down Napoleon very skilled at doing so
Napoleon takes over in 1799 coup d’etat
Big Picture Takeaway French Revolution was a political
failure Traded a King for an Emperor
Elimination of Feudalism and church control had long-term effects
Revolutionary ideals had far-reaching appeal
Unified France Set the stage for nationalism
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