french revolution john adams the duel early american foreign affairs

French RevolutionJohn Adams

The Duel

EARLY AMERICAN FOREIGN AFFAIRS

France declared war on Great Britain in 1793Republicans favor FranceFederalists favor Great Britain

George Washington Declares NeutralityFrance started it therefore the US was not obligated to help the French despite the Treaty of 1778

U.S. claimed the right to carry non-military goods to warring nations

FRENCH REVOLUTION IN 1789

Great Britain ignores US Neutrality Began seizing US vessels

because US was trading with France in the Caribbean Almost 300 ships were captured

by Great Britain

GREAT BRITAIN IGNORES US NEUTRALITY

John Jay was sent by Washington to negotiate with Great Britain

Jay Treaty Jay’s objective was to gain

concessions on Great Britain’s position regarding neutral shipping.

JAY TREATY

Jay was forced to sign a treaty that largely favored Great BritainGB left posts in Northwest Territory along the Great Lakes (w. of Appalachians)

GB continued the fur trade with Indians on US lands

GB still seized neutral shipsBoth sides had freedom of Mississippi River

JAY TREATY

JOHN JAY – UNPOPULAR HOMECOMING

Treaty narrowly passes the Senate (20 – 10)

Favored by the Federalists

Opposed by Democratic Republicans

The US wanted lands west of Appalachian and control of the Mississippi River.

Thomas Pinckney negotiated a treaty with Spain due to Jay’s Treaty.

Also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo

Spain feared US and GB action against the Louisiana Territory

Spain gave up its claims east of Mississippi River and north of Florida

Agreed to open the Mississippi River to American Traffic

PINCKNEY’S TREATY

George Washington’s Farewell AddressWarns against political partiesWarns against becoming involved in the affairs of Europe and emphasizes neutrality

Set the tradition of a President running only two termsUntil FDR – who ran waselected four timesTwo term limit established

GOODBYE GEORGE!

Becomes second President (1797 – 1801)

Jefferson was vice-president as he was runner-up

They had opposite views Jefferson – Republican Adams - Federalist

JOHN ADAMS

France began seizing US merchant vesselsAfter the Jay TreatyUndeclared Naval War went on for two years

Federalists demanded a warAdams worked to avoid war and worked out difference peacefully Supported by moderate federalists His greatest achievement as

President

JOHN ADAMS

Allowed the gov’t to deport any foreigners (alien act)

Sedition act prohibited anyone from write, print, utter, or publish . . . any false, scandalous and malicious writing" against the government.

John Adams and the Federalists were heavily criticized in the Republican press.

Some of the most vocal critics were foreign born, including French

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS

Alien Act was passed in 1798 when war was expected with FranceRaised residency requirement from 5 to 14 years

President had the power in Peace time to order any alien out of the country

President in wartime could jail any aliens

None were arrested

ALIEN ACT

Sedition = to speak or write with the intent to defame

Fines or jail time given to anyone who committed sedition against the President, Congress or the Government

Fines or jail time if you encouraged resistance to federal laws

To remain in effect until John Adams was out of Office

SEDITION ACT

Much Disapproval over these laws Argued against freedom of speech and the press Historians agree these laws were unwise

ALIEN AND SEDITION ACT

Thomas Jefferson ran against John Adams John Adams received 65 electoral votesThomas Jefferson received 73 electoral votesAaron Burr was running for Vice President and received 73 electoral votes

Tie was settled in the House of Representatives

Attack Advertisements from the 1800s.

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