front shovel, back hoe and loader
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Why do we have to know the differences between them? Because
Different equipments cope with different conditions and tasks
Time and effort(efficiency) needed to do tasks will be affected
it is used to perform repetitive work Capacity(e.g. bucket = 1.0 yd3) and Cycle (e.g. 60 secs/ bucket)
Comparison among 3 machines (wheel type)
Function Appearance Operation
method
There are many sizes and power of the three machine. In general speaking, the main aspects for us to concern is the
bucket capacity, rotation ability
and up and down
ability with similar size
Hoe very versatile: dig trench, place
pipe, backfill with same hoe excellent digging power excellent accuracy for depth control excellent for loading trucks productivity approaches power
shovel output when digging at moderate depths
Functional differences between back hoe and front shovel
Back hoe: Excavate or dig materials below its
standing level
Front shovel Dig or ditch material from ground
and up to above
Function of loader used for digging, scooping, lifting,
carrying & dumping used for backfilling, spreading &
compacting
Function (summary)Front shovel Backhoe Loader Dig above the ground level (e.g. soil and loose rock) Haul Load
Dig below ground (for trench and basement) Haul Load
Combine with front shovel and bulldozer (for dig slightly below ground level) Haul Load
Appearance
Length (mm) 5,621
Width (mm) ~1000
Height (mm) 2,553
Front shovel / hoe
The working radius is about 20 ft.
Appearance (Cont)
Bucket width 74 in 1870mm
Full Length 150 in 3810mm
Full Width 74 in 1870mm
Full Height 60 in 1520mm
Loader
Operation method(When dig, load, haul and dump)
Front shovel
Backhoe Loader
Position the bucket Swing about its center pin Do not required to travel when moving the bucket from loading to dump position
Similar to front shovel But, when hauling, it need
to move up to ground level first
It must be operated and traveled with loader
Operation method (Cont)(When dig, load, haul and dump)
Front shovel Position the bucket Swing about its center pin Do not required to travel when moving the bucket from loading to dump position
Operation method (Cont)(When dig, load, haul and dump)
Backhoe Similar to front shovelBut, when hauling, it need to move up to ground level first
Operation method (Cont)(When dig, load, haul and dump)
Loader It must be operated and traveled with loader
Comparison among 3 machines(wheel type)
Back hoe Front shovel
loader
Bucket capacity(largest),yd3
3.00 3.00 11.25
Rotation, degree ~45-90 ~45-90 ---
Up and down ability
High with long boom
High with long boom
Low with short boom
Operating Weight (lb)
97,665 97,665 212520
Comparison among 3 machines(wheel type)
The long boom of hoe can allow it the dig the soil more flexible and deeper
Since the main function of loader is loading material, it will carry much more material than hoes do. For the tipping problem, the boom of
loader cannot be too long
Difficulties in a restricted area
The site is: small and limited(e.g. in the centre
of a traffic road) Sloppy(e.g. on a hill side) Many obstacles(e.g. construction
material, other equipments)
Which equipment is suitable for the site?
If we need to dig the sides of the site,just like
It is better to use a front shovel
It depends on the site condition.
Which equipment is suitable for the site? Reason:
More efficient to use as Back Hoe need to rise its arms first before operation, power will be wasted to uplift the arms
Which equipment is suitable for the site?
If materials below operation needed to be excavated out, back hoe is more suitable to be used.
Which equipment is suitable for the site?
For digging earth, we seldom use loader to carry out , since its bulky size and the limitation on rotation
Which equipment is suitable for the site?
How about using loader to transport surplus or material on site?
Which equipment is suitable for the site?
It is clear that the cap of loader cannot rotate. (up and down only)
On a restricted site, it is impossible to use it to transport material on site as there is no enough space for the to return and move
Which equipment is suitable for the site? The boom of the hoe can be moved, at
about 45o, even in a limited space they can rotate more flexible than loader
Summary
In a restricted area, Back hoe and front shovel are more
efficient to undergo digging Small truck is then used to remove
the surplus off site
Reference http://www.komatsueq.com/Products/shovels.htm http://www.komatsueq.com/Products/loaders.htm http://www.citivu.com/fontana/mw/equip.html http://www.ajaxpong.com.hk/chinese/html/excavator.html http://www.atvchassis.com/shovel.html http://www.trucks.nl/ http://www.yungtay.com.tw/yungtay_hitachi/mach_04.htm http://www.vanloon.trucks.nl/index.html McKay, John Kenneth. "Building construction, Volume 4 " 4th ed. H
arlow, Essex : Longman Scientific & Technical, 1988. Seeley, Ivor H. "Advanced building measurement" 2nd ed. London :
Macmillan, 1989. Hardie, Glenn M. "Building construction : principles, practices, and
materials"Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice Hall, c1995.
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