fundamentals of programming and database dec 6, 2014
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7/21/2019 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING AND DATABASE Dec 6, 2014
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7/21/2019 FUNDAMENTALS OF PROGRAMMING AND DATABASE Dec 6, 2014
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Four basic Operations wheninteracting with Data
Create
Read
Update
Delete
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List Modifcation Issues
(Anomalies)Redundancy and Multiple Themes inlists create modifcation problems
Update Problems
Deletion ProblemsInsertion Problems
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Addresses InformationComplexities
Relational Databases are desinedto address many o! thein!ormation comple"ity issues thatarise in #usiness
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Relational Databases
$tores in!ormation in tables% &achin!ormational them (#usinessconcepts) is stored in its o'n table
A table is a dimensional tables'ith ro's (Instances) and columns(attributes)
In essence a relational database'ill brea*+up a list into se,eralparts
-ne part !or each theme in the list
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In our relational databasee"ample 'e bro*e our list se,eraltables% $omeho' the tables mustbe /oined bac* toether
Tables are /oined toether usinmatched pairs o! data ,alues
.or &"ample i! a Pro/ect has a customerthe Customer0ID can be stored as acolumn in the Pro/ect Table% 1hene,er
'e need in!ormation about a customer'e can use the Customer ID to loo* u
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Sounds like More ork! "ot#ess
A relational database is morecomplicated than a list
2o'e,er a relational databaseminimi3es data redundancypreser,es comple" relationshipsamon topics and allo's !orpartial data.urthermore a relational databasepro,ides a solid !oundation !or
creatin user inter!ace !orms and
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Database S$stemUsers
People or so!t'areDatabase application
Used by users to communicate data
re4uest to D#M$Database Manaement $ystem
5ate*eeper o! in!ormation
Critical !or Data Interity
Database1here 'e store the tables
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%sers
A user o! a database system 'ill6Use a database application to *eep trac*o! in!ormation
Use di7erent user inter!ace !orms toenter read delete and 4uery data
Produce Reports
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&he DatabaseCollection o! related records
$el! describinDatabase itsel! contains the defnition o!its structure
Metadata are data describin thestructure o! data in the database(describes the ,alues 'ithin the database8 i%e% as inteer alphanumeric date)
-,erhead data 8 tables o! data toimpro,e per!ormance trac* status o!database (inde"es)
Application Metadata 8 used by the
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D'MS
$er,es as intermediary bet'eenapplication and the database
Manaes and controls databaseacti,ities
Creates processes andadministers the databases itcontrols
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Functions of a D'MSCreate databases
Create tablesCreate structures
Read database data
Modi!y database data (insert updatedelete)
Maintain database structures
&n!orce Rules
Control Concurrency
Pro,ide $ecurity
Per!orm data bac*+up and reco,ery
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Referential Integrit$ Constraints
A D#M$ can en!orce manyconstraints
Re!erential interity constraintsensure that the ,alues o! acolumn in one table are ,alidbased on the ,alues in another
table.or e"ample i! a 9 'as entered as aCustomerID in the Pro/ect Table a
Customer ha,in a CustomerID ,alue o! 9
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Referential Integrit$ Constraints
A D#M$ can en!orce manyconstraints
Re!erential interity constraintsensure that the ,alues o! acolumn in one table are ,alidbased on the ,alues in another
table.or e"ample i! a 9 'as entered as aCustomerID in the Pro/ect Table a
Customer ha,in a CustomerID ,alue o! 9
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Database Applications
Is a set o! one or more computerprorams or 'ebsite that ser,e asan intermediary bet'een the userand the D#M$Data dri,en 'ebsites mobileapplication
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(ersonal Database S$stems
$imple databases
Personal database systemstypically6
$upport one application
2a,e only a !e' tables
Are simply in desin
In,ol,e only one computer
$upport one user at a time
Database application and D#M$ in one
proram (M$ Access)
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)nterprise*#e+el DatabaseS$stems
&nterprise+le,els databasesystems typically
$upport se,eral users simultaneously
$upport more than one application
In,ol,e multiple Computers
Are comple" in desin
2a,e many tables2a,e many databases
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