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Fungal - Plant Symbiosis

A REPORT FROM THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF MICROBIOLOGY

Pius Florus is using a mix of microbes and organic pesticides to help

restore a depleted field in Spain. Science 349:680 2015

The major root symbioses established by land plants with soil microorganisms are arbuscularmycorrhizal, ectomycorrhizal, and nitrogen-fixing associations.

Francis M. Martin et al. Science 2017;356:eaad4501

Published by AAAS

Rhizobiome Group Genes #s/gm soil

Plants 37,500 -

Nematodes 18,000 10 - 100

Protozoa 15,500 100,000 - 1 million

Algae 13,000 1,000 - 1 million

Fungi 1,400 1,000 - 100,000

Bacteria 6,500 100 million -1 billion

Archaea 1300 10 million -100 million

Viruses 45 10 million - 1 billion

Science 349:680 2015

Fig. 2 modes of root entry by symbiotic soil microbes.

Francis M. Martin et al. Science 2017;356:eaad4501

Published by AAAS

How Microbes Help Plants

• Heat stress • Cold stress • Drought • Flooding • Osmotic stress • Pathogens • Insects • Heavy metal toxicity • Nutrient limitation

DROUGHT

How microbes can help feed the world, National Academy of Microbiologists

Dr. David Johnson New Mexico State University, Institute of Sustainable

Agricultural Research

New Mexico State UniversityDavid C. Johnson- NMSU Institute for Sustainable Agricultural Research (ISAR)davidcjohnson@nmsu.edu

0.31 1.01 1.72 2.67 3.93 4.92 Beginning Soil C (%)

r2= 0.99

Dr. David Johnson New Mexico State University, Institute of Sustainable

Agricultural Research

New Mexico State UniversityDavid C. Johnson- NMSU Institute for Sustainable Agricultural Research (ISAR)davidcjohnson@nmsu.edu

Fungal:Bacterial

Dr. David Johnson New Mexico State University, Institute of Sustainable

Agricultural Research

New Mexico State UniversityDavid C. Johnson- NMSU Institute for Sustainable Agricultural Research (ISAR)davidcjohnson@nmsu.edu