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Telling Stories with Data Visualization
Geoff McGhee, Bill Lane Center for the American West, StanfordPalo Alto Data Science Association MeetupApril 3, 2014
Twitter: @mcgeoff
Friday, April 4, 14
A Decade in Infographics and Multimedia
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Then...
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! Statistics! Visualization theory and techniques! Geographic information systems! Database management! Web application development
Back to School
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!"Environment and Resources!"Economy and Political Science!"History and Culture of the West!"Data visualization and multimedia for scholarship, outreach, journalism
“Journalism’s Voyage West”
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Crossing Over Into a New World
David M. Kennedy
Richard White
Bill Lane Center for the American West, Stanford University
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Crossing Over Into a New World
David M. Kennedy
Richard White
west.stanford.eduBill Lane Center for the American West, Stanford University
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20-plus people in journalism, academia, research and art
Interviews About Data Visualization
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Video Documentary
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datajournalism.stanford.edu
Video Documentary
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The Power of Data Visualization
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http://hint.fm/wind
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• Bypass language centers, go direct to the visual cortex
• Leverage ability to recognize patterns, visual sense-making
• Powerful graphics chips enable animation, live data processing possible
Using the Eye-Brain Connection
Map of New Brainland by Unit Seven via Flickr
The Power of Data Visualization
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Everyday Use of Data to Make DecisionsThe Power of Data Visualization
Maps, GPS with live traffic
Donation Dashboard
Farecast search results
Greatschools.org
Zillow, Trulia, real estate search engines
SF Park
= We’re learning things that used to be unknown, unknowable or impractical to know.
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Twitter visualizations Google Public Data Explorer
But also larger insights about society ...
Politifact Obameter U.S. State Department: “Opinion Space”
The Power of Data Visualization
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Google N-Grams Baby Name Voyager
! and new insights about the past.
Gapminder: Human Development Over Time Immigration Explorer
The Power of Data Visualization
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Excitement
“I think that there’s a sense that data [visualization] is something more like a medium, something that can be used to tell stories, and to do all of the things that a medium can do, to delight and inspire...”
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But...
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Communication Medium?
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Learning toTell Stories
“You can do beautiful things with computers and lots of data that look very, very nice, and are almost completely incomprehensible.”
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“We are very interested in how visualizations are being taken up in mass media, particularly in journalism, so we simply collected as many examples of that as we could.”
Data Storytelling
Story Formats:
Learning Best
Practices
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Fig. 7. Design space analysis of narrative visualization. Columns indicate recurring design elements and selected regions highlight patterns in the data. Region (1) shows clusters of orderingstrategies that correspond to distinct genres of visual narration. Region (2) highlights the consistency of interactive designs used by visualizations. Region (3) shows the under-utilization of strategiesto engage the user in the interactive functionality. Region (4) shows the under-utilization of common storytelling techniques across narrative visualizations.
Segal and Heer, 2010
Data Storytelling
Analysis of Vis
in Media
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Data Storytelling
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Fig. 7. Design space analysis of narrative visualization. Columns indicate recurring design elements and selected regions highlight patterns in the data. Region (1) shows clusters of orderingstrategies that correspond to distinct genres of visual narration. Region (2) highlights the consistency of interactive designs used by visualizations. Region (3) shows the under-utilization of strategiesto engage the user in the interactive functionality. Region (4) shows the under-utilization of common storytelling techniques across narrative visualizations.
Data Storytelling
Analysis of Vis
in Media
Friday, April 4, 14
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Segal and Heer, 2010
vis.stanford.edu/papers/narrative
Data Storytelling
Analysis of Vis
in Media
Friday, April 4, 14
Sources of Inspiration:Comic Books
MoviesVideo Games
Data Storytelling
Analysis of Vis
in Media
Friday, April 4, 14
Data Storytelling
Analysis of Vis
in Media
Scott McCloud:Understanding Comics
Friday, April 4, 14
The “Science Fair Poster”
Using Space to Lay Out Regions; Directional Reading
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The “Science Fair Poster”
Using Space to Lay Out Regions; Directional Reading
“Stimulating Default View”
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The “Martini Glass” Linear Narrative Followed by Individual Exploration
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The “Data Slide Show”
Linear Narrative With Interaction Within Each Frame
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Linear Narratives Using Motion Graphics, Voiceover“Videographics”
Video: Hans Rosling:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo
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Annotated Video
Bill Lane Center Documentary on the Western Energy Boom
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Annotated Video
Enriching Video at Timed Cuepoints with Popcorn Maker
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Video/Interactive Hybrid
“Data Docs” Prototype with Clickable, API-Fed Charts
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Five Tips for Data Visualizations that
Communicate
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• As powerful as visualization can be to enable rapid sense-making, many visualizations require a lot of context and interpretation, especially static, printed visualizations.
• Think of the annotation layer as like the narrator’s voiceover in a documentary film. In fact, if you make a motion video, that might literally what it would be.
Raise Your Narrative Voice
The New York Times
Tip #1: Provide an “Annotation” Layer with Explanations
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• If data visualization is based in converting quantitative or qualitative data values into visual marks, your user needs a key or legend to convert those back into the original meaning
• While there are conventions (up is higher, right is forward in time), they are frequently broken. You need to be as clear as possible, even if your vis is less “cool” that way.
• Most maps without scales are almost useless as maps.
Help the User De-Code What You Encoded
Tip #2: Always Explain Symbology and Scale
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Tip #2: Always Explain Symbology and Scale
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Tip #2: Always Explain Symbology and Scale
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How Many Encodings?
Tip #2: Always Explain Symbology and Scale
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• Position (teams, records, payroll)• Number (record, payroll)• Icons/Text (teams)• Line (connection between record
and payroll)• Angle (relationship betw. record
and payroll)• Color (relationship between
record and payroll)• Line thickness (size of payroll)
How Many Encodings?
Tip #2: Always Explain Symbology and Scale
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• Interactive visualizations can be intimidating or befuddling when they show many records, especially over a long time series.
• Guiding the user through “snapshots”of interesting states –!zoom, filter and query –!will help them get the most out of the visualization.
Visualization: The Guided Tour
Tip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a Sequence
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Tip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a Sequence
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Tip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a Sequence
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• Linear narrative draws reader through sequence
• Heavy use of text annotation and headline writing
• Smooth transitions help eye follow change
Tip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a Sequence
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• Also known as “details on demand,” interactive visualizations are richer when they give you as much info as possible on individual measures
• In that sense, they are database front-ends in addition to graphical summaries.
Visualizations are Databases
Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detail
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Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://data.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/gun-deaths
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Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level DetailTip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://data.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/gun-deaths
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Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://citynature.stanford.edu/
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://citynature.stanford.edu/
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://citynature.stanford.edu/
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://citynature.stanford.edu/
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://mappingtexts.stanford.edu/
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detailhttp://mappingtexts.stanford.edu/
Wish we had could read original pages...
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• Interactive visualizations can be treasure troves of information. Just because you chose not to highlight or showcase a particular point doesn’t mean that it isn’t of interest to someone else.
• Offering “deep links” into your visualization makes it more useful for everyone
Assist Collective Discovery
Tip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization State
A “URL Encoded String” passes information about the current state of a visualization through the browser’s location bar.
Example: http://url.com/#p-page-main/layer-4/subLayer-0/hide-0/?
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Tip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization StateLinked Comment Thread
Friday, April 4, 14
Linked Comment ThreadTip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization State
Friday, April 4, 14
Linked Comment ThreadTip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization State
Friday, April 4, 14
http://projects.nytimes.com/census/2010/explorer
“Mapping America: Every City, Every Block,” The New York Times (2010)
Tip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization State
Friday, April 4, 14
http://projects.nytimes.com/census/2010/explorer
“Mapping America: Every City, Every Block,” The New York Times (2010)
Tip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization State
Friday, April 4, 14
Recap: Tips for Data Visualizations that Communicate
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #1: Provide an “Annotation” Layer with Explanations
Recap: Tips for Data Visualizations that Communicate
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #1: Provide an “Annotation” Layer with ExplanationsTip #2: Always Explain Symbology and Scale
Recap: Tips for Data Visualizations that Communicate
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #1: Provide an “Annotation” Layer with ExplanationsTip #2: Always Explain Symbology and ScaleTip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a Sequence
Recap: Tips for Data Visualizations that Communicate
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #1: Provide an “Annotation” Layer with ExplanationsTip #2: Always Explain Symbology and ScaleTip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a SequenceTip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level Detail
Recap: Tips for Data Visualizations that Communicate
Friday, April 4, 14
Tip #1: Provide an “Annotation” Layer with ExplanationsTip #2: Always Explain Symbology and ScaleTip #3: Offer Main Points of Visualization in a SequenceTip #4: Where Possible, Offer Record-Level DetailTip #5: Enable Saving the Visualization State
Recap: Tips for Data Visualizations that Communicate
Friday, April 4, 14
!"##$%&'(#)*#"+',$#-'.$/0)1$2)#$3%“Data Slide Show”
Homework assignment for week two
Microsoft ExcelOpen O#ce CalcGoogle DocsTableau DesktopIBM ManyEyes
Gapminder DesktopGoogle Fusion TablesR
http://microsoft.com/officehttp://openoffice.orghttp://docs.google.comhttp://tableausoftware.com/http://www-958.ibm.com/software/analytics/labs/manyeyes//http://gapminder.org/desktophttp://google.com/fusiontableshttp://r-project.org
Common Charting Applications
Friday, April 4, 14
Free and Web-Based Applications
Tableau Publichttp://www.tableausoftware.com/public
Price: Free
Pros: Great design Supports many chart forms Interactive and searchable Combine charts in single Information “dashboard”
Cons: Windows-only Your data is public Slow performance
!"##$%&'(#)*#"+',$#-'.$/0)1$2)#$3%
Friday, April 4, 14
Friday, April 4, 14
!"##$%&'(#)*#"+',$#-'.$/0)1$2)#$3%“Data Slide Show”
Homework assignment for week two
Flowing DataVisual ComplexityInfostheticsVisualising DataVisual.ly blogScott Murray’s D3Tutorials
http://flowingdata.comhttp://visualcomplexity.comhttp://infosthetics.comhttp://visualisingdata.comhttp://visual.lyhttp://alignedleft.com
Blogs and Resources
Friday, April 4, 14
Part 1 - FOUNDATIONS!"Chapter 1 - Why Visualize? Information to Wisdom!"Chapter 2 - Forms and Functions: Visualization as a Technology!"Chapter 3 - The Beauty Paradox: Art and Communication!"Chapter 4 - Exposition, Exploration, and the Complexity Challenge
Part 2 - COGNITION!"Chapter 5 - The Eye and the Visual Brain!"Chapter 6 - Visualizing for the Mind!"Chapter 7 - Images in the Head
Part 3 - PRACTICE!"Chapter 8 - Creating Information Graphics!"Chapter 9 - Interactive Graphics and Visualizations
The “Book” on Narrative Visualization
The Functional Art
By Alberto Cairohttp://thefunctionalart.com
Friday, April 4, 14
Thanks!
Get in touch:gmcghee@stanford.edu, @mcgeoff
Bill Lane Center for the American Westhttp://west.stanford.edu
Journalism in the Age of Datahttp://datajournalism.stanford.edu
Friday, April 4, 14
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