g7 ch2.3 2.4 - cellular transport
Post on 15-Jul-2015
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Vocabulary
• Passive transport
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Facilitated diffusion
• Active Transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
Outline
• Passive Transport– Channel Proteins
– Carrier Proteins
• Diffusion
• Osmosis
• Active Transport
• Endocytosis and Exocytosis
• Cell Size and Transport
Transport
• Materials need to move in and out of a cell
• Pass through cell membrane
• Substance concentration is important
Diffusion
• Diffusion = Movement from high concentration to low concentration
Passive (Diffusion) Transport
Osmosis
• Like diffusion
• Solute (dissolved material) doesn’t move
• Water molecules move
Facilitated Diffusion• Uses transport proteins
• High to low concentration• No energy
Facilitated Diffusion
• Two types of transport proteins– Channel proteins
– Carrier proteins
Active Transport
• Against concentration gradient– Low concentration to high concentration
• Uses energy (ATP)
Endocytosis
• Takes in substances wrapped in a membrane
• Forms a vesicle
• Large objects (bacteria and viruses)
Exocytosis
• Objects in a cell’s vesicle are released outside the cell– Membrane-bound inside the cell
• Molecules made in cell (proteins)
Cell Size and Surface Area
• Read p65
• Movement of substances in and out of the cell is important for survival
• Cell membrane size needs to be large compared to the volume– Cell membrane size = surface area– Cell’s volume = space inside the cell
Cell Size and Transport
Cell Size and Transport
Outline
• Cellular respiration– Reactions in the cytoplasm– Reactions in the mitochondria
• Fermentation– Lactic-Acid Fermentation– Alcohol Fermentation
• Photosynthesis– Lights and Pigments– Reactions is Chloroplasts– Importance
Cellular Respiration
• Series of chemical reactions
• Converts food molecules into energy (ATP)
• In cytoplasm and mitochondria
Glycolysis
• In cytoplasm
• Glucose, a simple sugar, is taken into the cell
• Glucose and energy undergo a chemical reaction
• First step in cellular respiration
• Glucose + ATP smaller molecules + ATP
Step 1: Glycolysis
Step 2: Cellular Respiration
• After glycolysis
• In mitochondria
• Small molecules and oxygen are taken into mitochondria
• ATP, water and carbon dioxide are released
Fermentation
• No oxygen used
• Get ATP (energy) from food
• Makes less ATP than respiration
• In Cytoplasm
• 2 Types– Lactic Acid– Alcohol
Lactic-Acid Fermentation
• Glucose energy + Lactic Acid
• Bacteria and Fungi to make cheese
• Humans and animals during exercise
Alcohol Fermentation
• Bacteria and yeast to make alcohol and bread• Glucose ATP (energy) + CO2 + ethanol (alcohol)
Photosynthesis
• Series of chemical reactions
• Plants and some unicellular organisms
• Uses light energy, water, and CO2
• Makes glucose and oxygen
Lights and Pigments
• In plants, pigments such as chlorophyll absorb all colors of light except green
• Over plants reflect other colors
Reactions in Chloroplasts
• Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments
Importance
• Turns solar energy into glucose that animals can use
• Releases oxygen needed to respiration
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