ge 211 programming in c dr. ahmed telba room :ac -134
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GE 211 Programming in C
Dr. Ahmed TelbaRoom :Ac -134
http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/atelba/default.aspx
2
Comment Example// omar's Homework #1
// This program is awesome!
#include <iostream.h>
/* This program computes the
coefficient of expansion of the
universe to 27 decimal places.
*/
int main() {
cout << 1.0000000000000000000001;
}
3
Another C++ Program// C++ Addition of integers
#include <iostream.h>
int main() {
int integer1, integer2, sum;
cout << "Enter first integer\n";
cin >> integer1;
cout << "Enter second integer\n";
cin >> integer2;
sum = integer1 + integer2;
cout << "Sum is " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
// C++ Addition of integers
#include <iostream.h>
int main() {
int integer1, integer2, sum;
cout << "Enter first integer\n";
cin >> integer1;
cout << "Enter second integer\n";
cin >> integer2;
sum = integer1 + integer2;
cout << "Sum is " << sum << endl;
return 0;
}
Statements
Declaration statements
Operation –Assignment
Printf() Format
Printf format
Scanf()
/* Lesson for 3_1• */
#include <stdio.h>void main(void){int month; float expense, income; month = 12; expense = 111.1;income=100.;
printf("Month=%2d, Expense=$%9.2f\n",month,expense);
month = 11; expense = 82.1;
printf("For the %2dth month of the year\n" "the expenses were $%5.2f \n" "and the income was $%6.2f\n\n", month,expense,income);}
/* Lesson for 3_2 */
#include <stdio.h>#define DAYS_IN_YEAR 365#define PI 3.14159
void main (void){
float income = 1234567890.12;
printf ("CONVERSION SPECIFICATIONS FOR INTEGERS \n\n");printf ("Days in year = \n"
"[[%1d]] \t(field width less than actual)\n""[[%9d]] \t(field width greater than actual)\n""[[%d]] \t(no field width specified) \n\n\n",DAYS_IN_YEAR, DAYS_IN_YEAR, DAYS_IN_YEAR);
printf ("CONVERSION SPECIFICATIONS FOR REAL NUMBERS\n\n");printf ("Cases for precision being specified correctly \n");printf ("PI = \n"
"[[%1.5f]] \t\t(field width less than actual) \n""[[%15.5f]] \t(field width greater than actual)\n""[[%.5f]] \t\t(no field width specified) \n\n",PI,PI,PI);
printf ("Cases for field width being specified correctly \n");printf ("PI = \n"
"[[%7.2f]] \t\t(precision less than actual) \n""[[%7.8f]] \t\t(precision greater than actual)\n""[[%7.f]] \t\t(no precision specified) \n\n",PI,PI,PI);
printf ("PRINTING SCIENTIFIC NOTATION \n\n");printf ("income = \n"
"[[%18.2e]] \t(field width large, precision small) \n""[[%8.5e]] \t(field width and precision medium size)\n""[[%4.1e]] \t\t(field width and precision small) \n""[[%e] \t(no specifications) \n\n",income, income, income, income);
printf ("USING A FLAG IN CONVERSION SPECIFICATIONS \n\n");printf ("Days in year= \n"
"[[%-9d]] \t\t(field width large, flag included)\n",DAYS_IN_YEAR); }
#include <stdio.h>void main(void){
int i,j,k,p,m,n;float a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,x,y;
i=5; j=5;k=11; p=3; x=3.0; y=4.0;printf("...... Initial values ......\n");printf("i=%4d, j=%4d\nk=%4d, p=%4d\nx=%4.2f, y=%4.2f\n\n",
i,j,k,p,x,y);/*--------------- Section 1 -------------------*/a=x+y; b=x-y; c=x*y; d=x/y; e=d+3.0; f=d+3; i=i+1; j=j+1;
printf("...... Section 1 output ......\n");printf("a=%5.2f, b=%5.2f\nc=%5.2f, d=%5.2f\n" "e=%5.2f, f=%5.2f\ni=%5d, j=%5d \n\n", a,b, c,d, e,f, i,j);/*--------------- Section 2 -------------------*/m=k%p; n=p%k; i++; ++j; e--; --f;
printf("...... Section 2 output ......\n"); printf("m=%4d, n=%4d\ni=%4d, j=%4d\n" "e=%4.2f, f=%4.2f\n",m,n, i,j, e,f);
}
/* Lesson for 3_5 */#include <stdio.h>void main(void) { float income; double expense; int month, hour, minute;
printf("What month is it?\n"); scanf("%d", &month); printf("You have entered month=%5d\n",month);
printf("Please enter your income and expenses\n"); scanf("%f %lf",&income,&expense); printf("Entered income=%8.2f, expenses=%8.2lf\n", income,expense);
printf("Please enter the time, e.g.,12:45\n");scanf("%d : %d",&hour,&minute); printf("Entered Time = %2d:%2d\n",hour,minute); }
/* Lesson for 3_7 */
#include <math.h>#include <stdio.h> void main(void) { double x=3.0, y=4.0, a,b,c,d,e,f;
float g; a=sin(x); b=exp(x);
c=log(x); d=sqrt(x); e=pow(x,y); f=sin(y)+exp(y)-log10(y)*sqrt(y)/pow(3.2,4.4); g=log(x); printf("x=%4.1f y=%4.1f \n\n\r\ a=sin(x) = %11.4f\n\r\ b=exp(x) = %11.4f\n\r\ c=log(x) = %11.9f\n\n\r\ d=sqrt(x) = %11.4f\n\r\ e=pow(x,y) = %11.4f\n\r\ f=sin(y)+exp(y)log10(y)*sqrt(y)/pow(3.2,4.4)= %11.4f\n\n\r\ g=log(x) = %11.9f\n",x,y, a,b,c,d,e,f,g); }
/* For application A3_2*/ #include <stdio.h> void main(void) { double degC, degF; printf ("Table of Celsius and Fahrenheit degrees\n\n" " Degrees Degrees \n" " Celsius Fahrenheit \n"); degC = 0.; degF = degC * 9./5. +32.; printf ("%16.2f %20.2f\n", degC, degF); degC += 20.; degF = degC * 9./5. +32.; printf ("%16.2f %20.2f\n", degC, degF); degC += 20.; degF = degC * 9./5. +32.; printf ("%16.2f %20.2f\n", degC, degF);
degC += 20.; degF = degC * 9./5. +32.; printf ("%16.2f %20.2f\n", degC, degF); degC += 20.; degF = degC * 9./5. +32.; printf ("%16.2f %20.2f\n", degC, degF); degC += 20.; degF = degC * 9./5. +32.; printf ("%16.2f %20.2f\n", degC, degF); }
/* Lesson for 3_6 */#include <stdio.h>void main(void){ double xx ; int ii, kk; FILE *inptr; inptr=fopen ("C3_6.IN","r"); fscanf(inptr,"%d",&ii); fscanf(inptr,"%d %lf",&kk,&xx);
fclose(inptr);
printf("ii=%5d\nkk=%5d\nxx=%9.3lf\n",ii, kk, xx); }
30
•scanf() Example: scanf(“%d”, &x);
•printf() Example: printf(“The value of x is %d\n”, x);
•#include <stdio.h>
Recall
31
Input/Output
Program
32
Streams
• Text input or output is dealt with as a sequence of characters
• A stream serves as a channel to convey characters between I/O and programs
33
Streams: Input -- Example
135 25.5_
1 3 5 2 5 . 5 \n
int item;
float cost;
scanf(“%d %f”, &item, &cost);
input buffer
34
Streams: Input -- Example (cont)
135 25.5_
1 3 5 2 5 . 5 \n
int item;
float cost;
scanf(“%d %f”, &item, &cost);
item cost
35
Streams: Input – Example (cont)
135 25.5_
2 5 . 5 \n
int item;
float cost;
scanf(“%d %f”, &item, &cost);
item
135
cost
36
Streams: Input – Example (cont)
135 25.5_
\n
int item;
float cost;
scanf(“%d %f”, &item, &cost);
item
135
cost
25.5
37
Streams: Output -- Example
H e l l o ! \n
printf(“Hello!\n”);
output buffer
38
H e l l o ! \n
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
39
e l l o ! \n
H
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
40
l l o ! \n
He
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
41
l o ! \n
Hel
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
42
o ! \n
Hell
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
43
! \n
Hello
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
44
\n
Hello!
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
45
Hello!_
printf(“Hello!\n”);
Streams: Output – Example (cont)
46
Streams
• From the program's point of view, the characters are queued in a pipe
• The sequence of characters is organized into lines
• Each line: – can have zero or more characters– ends with the "newline" character '\n'
47
"Standard" Streams • Standard streams:
– stdin - standard input• usually from keyboard
– stdout - standard output• usually to screen
– stderr - standard error• usually to screen
• must have at the top of your program#include <stdio.h>
• can be redirected
48
stdin: Input
• Data is read in from stdin (into a variable) using the scanf() function
• When input ends, the scanf() function returns a special value: EOF
49
Example: ReadData
Input name, age, gender, idNumber
50
#include <stdio.h>
51
#include <stdio.h>
/*************************************\
Read in important info about a student
\**************************************/
52
#include <stdio.h> /*************************************\ Read in important info about a student \**************************************/ int main() {
return 0; }
53
#include <stdio.h> /*************************************\ Read in important info about a student \**************************************/ int main() {
char name[100] ;
float age ;
char gender ;
int idNumber ;
return 0; }
54
#include <stdio.h>
/*************************************\
Read in important info about a student
\**************************************/
int main()
{
char name[100] ;
float age ;
char gender ;
int idNumber ;
scanf("%s %f %c %d", name, &age, &gender, &idNumber);
return 0;
}
55
#include <stdio.h> /*************************************\
Read in important info about a student
\**************************************/
int main()
{
char name[100] ;
float age ;
char gender ;
int idNumber ;
scanf("%s %f %c %d", name, &age, &gender, &idNumber);
return 0;
}
Alkady
19.2
M
3825
Input: Akady 19.2 M 3825
56
stdout:Output
• Data (e.g., from a variable) is written out to stdout using the printf() function.
57
Example: WriteData
Set name to “Alkady” Set age to 18.2 Set gender to ‘M’ Set idNumber to 3825 Output name, age, gender, idNumber
58
#include <stdio.h>
/*****************************************\ Write out important info about a student \*****************************************/
int main() { char *name = ”Akady" ; float age = 18.2; char gender = ’M'; int idNumber = 3825 ;
printf("%s\n%f\n%c\n%d\n", name, age, gender, idNumber); return 0; }
Alkady18.2M3825_
59
Formatted Input and Output• General form:printf(format-control-string, other-arguments);
scanf(format-control-string, other-arguments);
• Examples:printf("%s\n%f\n%c\n%d\n",name,age,gender,idNumber);
scanf("%s %f %c %d", name, &age, &gender, &idNumber);
60
• Describes the format of the data for output• Contains “conversion specifiers” and “literal
characters”
Example:printf(“%s is %d years old.\n”, name, age);
printf -- Format-Control-String
61
• Describes the format of the data for output• Contains “conversion specifiers” and “literal
characters”
Example:printf(“%s is %d years old.\n”, name, age);
conversion specifiers
printf -- Format-Control-String (cont)
62
printf(“%s is %d years old.\n”, name, age);
literal characters
• Describes the format of the data for output• Contains “conversion specifiers” and “literal
characters”
Example:
printf -- Format-Control-String (cont)
63
• For printf: variables containing data for output
Example:printf(“(“%s is %d years old.\n”, name, age);
printf -- Other-Arguments
64
• Describes the format of the data given as input• Contains “conversion specifiers”
scanf -- Format-Control-String
Example:scanf("%s %f %c %d", name, &age, &gender,&id);
conversion specifiers
65
• For scanf: “pointers” to variables where the input will be stored
scanf -- Other-Arguments
scanf("%s %f %c %d", name, &age, &gender, &id);
Example:
66
• ‘&’ is for scanf only!
scanf("%s %f %c %d", name, &age, &gender, &id);
scanf -- Other-Arguments (cont)
• For scanf: “pointers” to variables in which the input will be stored
Example:
• Variables of type int, float or char need ‘&’• Do NOT use ‘&’ with strings!
67
Common Conversion Specifiers for Numerical Information
• decimal integer: %dprintf(“What is %d plus %d?\n”, x, y);scanf(“%d”, &sum);
• float: %fprintf(“%f squared is...? ”, x);
scanf(“%f”, &ans);
• double: printf(“%f squared is...? ”, x);
scanf(“%lf”, &ans);
68
Conversion Specifiers for Alphanumeric Information
• char: %cprintf(“What letter follows %c?\n”,ch);scanf(“%c”, &nextchar);
• string: %sprintf(“Name: %s\n”, name);scanf(“%s”, name);
69
• i or d: display a signed decimal integer• f: display a floating point value• e or E: display a floating point value in
exponential notation• g or G: display a floating point value in either f form or e form
• L: placed before any float conversion specifier to indicate that a long double is displayed
printf: Conversion Specifiers
70
scanf: Conversion Specifiers
• d: read an optionally signed decimal integer • i: read an optionally signed decimal, octal, or
hexadecimal integer
i and d: the argument is a “pointer” to an integerint idNumber;
scanf("%d", &idNumber);
71
scanf: Conversion Specifiers (cont)
• h or l: placed before any integer conversion specifiers to indicate that a short or long integer is to be input long int idNumber;
scanf("%ld", &idNumber);
• l or L: placed before any float conversion specifiers to indicate that a double or long double is to be input
72
Conversion Example
Input octal integer Output integer as decimal
73
Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
74
Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
_
75
Conversion Example (cont) #include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
_
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Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
_
i
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Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
_
i
78
Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
70_
i
79
Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
70_
i
56
80
Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
70_
i
56
81
Conversion Example (cont)#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i ;
scanf("%o", &i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
7056_
i
56
82
Skipping Characters in Input Stream • Skipping blank spaces
scanf("%d %d %d", &day, &month, &year);
• Skipping dashes– Enter data as dd-mm-yyyy: 16-3-1999 – Store each number in date variables
scanf("%d-%d-%d", &day, &month, &year);
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