general psychology lecture 2 research methods in psychology visiting assistant professor yee-san...

GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

Lecture 2RESEARCH METHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY

Visiting Assistant PROFESSOR YEE-SAN TEOHDepartment of Psychology

National Taiwan University

Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)

ETHICS OF RESEARCH WITH HUMAN SUBJECTS

Human Participants’ Rights 1.The right to be fully informed.2.The right to give informed & voluntary consent.3.The right not to be harmed in any way.4.The right to withdraw voluntarily from research.5.The right to be informed of the results of

research.6.The right to confidentiality.7.The right to full compensation.8.The right to beneficial treatments.

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

National Taiwan University, YEE-SAN TEOH

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Variable Definitions

Potential Outcomes of Confounds

National Taiwan University, YEE-SAN TEOH

National Taiwan University, YEE-SAN TEOH

The Experiment

Experimental manipulation- Deliberate alteration of the IV in order to learn

about its effects on the dependent variable.

• Experimental group- Group that experiences the experimental

manipulation.

• Control group- Group that does not experience the experimental

manipulation.

Ecological/External Validity

The degree to which a study’s participants, stimuli, and procedures adequately reflect the world as it is.

Is the sample in a study representative of the broader population?

Does a research method (e.g. questionnaire) measure real-world behavior/phenomena?

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

National Taiwan University, YEE-SAN TEOH

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

Selecting a Sample

Who are you studying?Factors to consider: 1.Age2.Gender3.Location (country, state, city, neighborhood,

urban/rural)4.Ethnicity/race/culture, religion 5.Social class or socio-economic status6.Education

Selecting a Sample

Who are you studying?Is the sample representative of the larger

population your research question pertains to?Random sampling – randomly recruit participants Convenient sampling – recruit participants at a

convenient location or time.Focused sampling – recruit subjects in a very

specific population (e.g. a tribe in Alishan)

Using national surveys (large, demographically & geographically diverse )

Determining your study variables/measures

What are you studying? E.g. memory of event, emotion understanding, biological basis of fear

How have other researchers studied the same behavior/phenomena? E.g. tasks, observation, questionnaires, interview

Are you going to use a pre-existing measure or develop your own?

DATA COLLECTION METHODS

National Taiwan University, YEE-SAN TEOH

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

THE RESEARCH PROCESS

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