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International Workshop Public‐Private Partnerships on Pre‐Breeding2‐4 February 2014, Agropolis, Montpellier, France
Genetic resources studies, breedingand pre‐breeding for bananas:
an integrated approach
Jean‐Pierre HorryGenetic improvement and adaptation
of Mediterranean and tropical plants research unit
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Pre‐breeding
“Pre‐breeding refers to all activities designed to identify desirable characteristics and/or genes from unadapted materials that cannot be used directly in breeding populations and to transfer these traits to an intermediate set of materials that breeders can use further in producing new varieties for farmers. It is a necessary first step in the use of diversity arising from wild relatives and other unimproved materials…”
(Pre‐breeding for Effective Use of Plant Genetic Resources, GIPB e‐learning course)
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Pre‐breeding at CIRAD : two exemples
Breeding for dessert banana: towards the development of hybrid varieties to substitute Cavendish export varieties, based on the evolutionary patterns of banana cultivars. UE supported program « Sustainable banana plan », a partnership with the
growers associations of F.W.I.
Breeding for interspecific varieties for local consumption and domestic markets: the integrated DNA sequences of Banana Streak badnavirusproblem. « Program for improved plantain for Sub‐Saharan Africa (PIP‐SSA) ‐ ‐A global
partnership », issued from the Multi‐center planning on banana / plantain improvement workshop supported by BMG fundation and CRP‐RTB
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
BorneoSumatra
Java
Papoua
Molluques
malaccencis
burma/siamea
banksii
microcarpa?
errans ?
zebrina
The first sub‐speciations
M.balbisianaM.balbisiana
M.balbisianaM.balbisiana
Evolution of the bananas
M.acuminataM.acuminata
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Musa acuminata Musa balbisiana
Intra‐subspecific and inter‐specific crossesDomestication (parthenocarpy, sterility)
Reduced (n=1x) and unreduced (n=2x) gametesED x ED or ED x WR crosses
AA w BB
Wild relatives (WR)Wild relatives (WR)
Edible diploids (ED)Edible diploids (ED)
Triploid cultivarsTriploid cultivars
AAcv AB
ABBAABAAA
Somaclonal variations, mutations, selection
Sub‐speciation
Evolution of the bananas
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Breeding for export dessert bananas
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Breeding for export dessert bananas
Diploid parent2n = 2x = 22
diploid parent2n = 2x = 22
doubled diploid2n = 4x = 44
mainly triploid progeny2n = 33
Hybride 3x
chromosomes doubling
« reconstrutive breeding »CIRAD strategy
Native genetic resources (diploid cultivars with plural sources of resistance, good agronomic and fruit qualities
AND good fertility)
Improved triploid hybrids
Biological resource centre ‐Tropical plants (Guadeloupe)
Satisfying but not really substitutes for Cavendish
export banana
Back to genetic resources studies
CIRAD 925
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Diploid ancestors of triploidexport bananas
Buaya
Mlali
Figue
Khai
Mala
Beram
Galéo
Bagul
Spiral
Vudu Beo
Katual
SSR 131 AA cv
Rose/IDN 110
Akondro Mainty
Bebek
Beram
Bie Yeng
Colatina Ouro
Datil
Dibit
Fu Des
Gabah Gabah
Garunga
Gobusik
Gu Nin Chiao
Hom
IDN 077
Igua
Inori
Katual #2
Khai Nai On
Kirun
Kumburgh
Kungor
Mala
Meleng
Mjenga
N° 110/Tha 52
NBA 14 / SF 215
Niyarma Yik
Nzumoheli I
OnatoPaika
Paka
P. Bangkahulu
P. Jaran
P. Jari Buaya (Idn)
P. Madu
P. Oli
P. Pipit
P. Rojo Uter
P.Tongat
Sa
SN2
Sowmuk
Ta
Thong Det
To'o
'Adina'Agul 'Aivip
'Avalira
'Awondaeke
'Bagul'Bega
'Bogia Mun
'Bud'Gebi
'Gilasalasa
'Gorop
'Hung Tu
'Ivi Ivi
'Japaraka no.2
'Kasaska
'Katual Vunalir
'Kekiau
'Kenar
'Kokopo
'Kuspaka
'Kwaro
'Kwosriake
'Loibwa
'Mah
'Mai'a hapai
'Maka
'Maleb
'Mamakila
'Manameg Red
'Mossmum
'Mpiajhap'Navaradam
'Odwa
'Papat
'Papat Wung
'P. Lilin
'Sena
'Sepi
'Sihir
'Somani
'Spiral
'Tainga'Tapatuput
'Te'engi
'Udiwasi
'Vudu Beo
'Yapu Yapu
'Yenai
'Yendisi
"Trumay
"Too
"No 110
"S.F. 265
"M. acuminata hy (302)
"P. Madu
"Djum metek
"Pa (Patthalong)
"Tjau lagada
P. Jari Buaya/BS312
"Undu jamau
P. Mas / Figue Sucrée
"Gwanhour
Paka
"P. buntal
"Monjet
"Uwati
"P. Berlin
"False madang
"P. Gigi buaya
"Heva
"S.F. 248
"Morong princesa
"Figue sucree (BS 107)
"Galeo"Pitu
"P.Tongat
"Guyod (11‐33)
"Tuu gia
"Saing todloh"Manang
"P. Mulik
"Padri"Wh‐O‐Gu
"Tamai
2N
N
N
Cavendish
Gros Michel
ChicameSamba
Raboin et al, 2005 (RFLP)Perrier et al, 2009 (SSR)
Guyod
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Evolution of the bananas
M. balbisiana
ABB
ABB
others
Pome
othersAAACav.
AAA
AAB
AAB
east
west
Mlali
burmanica/siamea
microcarpa
zebrina
malaccensis
AAA
M. balbisiana
Mutika
AABPlantain
AABPopoulou
« Recent » triploids- parents can be identified- still presents in their origin area- limited migration- limited secondary diversification
« Ancient » triploids- direct parents are lost- are absent in their origin areamigrated far away- very large secondary diversification through vegetative reproduction
Diploid cultivars- emerged in contact areasbetween wild acuminata
errans
truncata
banksii
Reconstruction of the evolutionary story of present day cultivars
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Mlalis, Mshale, Muraru: the « 3M group »
Muraru
Mlali
Mshale
Ndyali
mhalihali
Ngazidja(Grande Comore)
Maore(Mayotte)
Nzwani(Anjouan)
Mwali(Moheli)
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
The 3M group from the breeder point of view
Highly desirable for reconstructive breeding Favourable genetic background (quality) Possible source of resistance for Fusarium wilt Highly susceptible to Sigatoka diseases Poor fertility
Next steps Need for pre‐breeding
• Resistance introgression• Pyramiding resistance genes• Fertility upgrade (CWR)
Increase genetic resources stocks• 3M diploid cultivars• RelatedM.acuminata wild relatives
Cavendish ’Poyo like’ hybrid
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Breeding for interspecific (A/B) varieties: the eBSVdilemma
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Breeding for interspecific (A/B) varieties: the eBSVdilemma
M. balbisiana (BB) hosts silent integrated DNA sequences of the Banana Streak Virus‐ activable in AAB genomes by hybridization & abiotic stresses (low temperatures,
tissue culture)‐ leading to lethal episomal virus particles‐ hampering the use of M. balbisiana accessions in interspecific breeding
Integrated eBSV infectious sequences
Banana streak viral particules
© J. Vo, QAA
FI
stress
Hohn T., Richert‐Pöggeler K., Staginnus C., Harper G., Schwartzacher T., Teo C.‐H., Teycheney P.‐Y., Iskra‐CaruanaML, Hull R. (2008). M. Roossinck ed. Plant virus evolution. Heidelberg, Germany : Springer, 53‐82.
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Breeding for interspecific (A/B) varieties: the eBSVdilemma
In 2009, M.L. Iskra‐Caruana team (CIRAD, UMR BGPI) discovers thatM. balbisiana PKW genome hosts eBSV sequences of 3 distinct viralspecies in allelic states: for two of the species, only 1 allele isinfectious
eBSGFVGoldfinger
infectious allele GF7 non‐infectious allele GF9
eBSOLVObino l’Ewaï
infectious allele OL1 non‐infectious allele OL2
eBSIMVImové One single infectious allele IM
Gayral P, Noa‐Carrazana JC, Lescot M, Lheureux F, Lockhart BE, Matsumoto T, Piffanelli P, Iskra‐CaruanaML. (2008) J Virol. 82: 6697‐710.Gayral P, Iskra‐Caruana ML. (2009) J Mol Evol. 69 :65‐80Gayral P, Blondin L, Guidolin O, Carreel F, Hippolyte I, Perrier X, Iskra‐CaruanaML (2010) J. Virol 84: 7346‐59
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Breeding for interspecific (A/B) varieties: the eBSVdilemma
Characterization of eBSV allelic profiles of B containing genotypes Development of 1 BB derivative free of infectious integrated sequences
The team developped PCR screening tools to characterize the eBSVallelic patterns :
Non
infectoo
usallele
1 kb
ladd
er
prob
e
Pisang
Batu
BAF I‐1
BAF I‐4
BAF V‐5
BAF V‐2
BAF VI‐6
Self pollinated
Infectious
allele
Next steps Pre‐breeding for non‐infectious eBSV balbisiana
stocks (intercrosses, selfing, haplodiploidization)
Collection and characterization of new balbisiana genetic stocks
International Workshop on Pre‐Breeding – February 2015
Genebanks, breeding and pre‐breeding
Geneticresourcesstudies
Breeding
Geneticresourcesstudies
Pre‐breeding
Geneticresources
Geneticstocks
Geneticresourcesneeds
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