genetics . we are made up of…
Post on 13-Dec-2015
213 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
GENETICS
http://jeanapettus.webs.com/
We are made up of….
Unit 3
Unit title: GENETICS
Area of interaction:Human Ingenuity
MYP unit question: Should we be concerned
about the human influence on our future genetics?
What is GENETICS?• The study of genes and the inheritance of traits.
• The study of variation and inheritance
DNA, RNA and proteins
The basic behind genetics
• DNA is a nucleic acid, made of long chains of nucleotides
DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides
Figure 10.2A
Nucleotide
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base
Sugar
Polynucleotide Sugar-phosphate backbone
DNA nucleotide
Phosphategroup
Nitrogenous base(A, G, C, or T)
Thymine (T)
Sugar(deoxyribose)
• DNA has four kinds of bases, A, T, C, and G
Figure 10.2B
Pyrimidines
Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)
Purines
Adenine (A) Guanine (G)
The following diagram shows a short stretch of DNA. What bases are indicated by labels Y and Z?
Y ZA. thymine adenineB. thymine guanineC. uracil guanineD. uracil adenine
• RNA is also a nucleic acid– different sugar
– U instead of T
– Single strand, usually
Figure 10.2C, D
Phosphategroup
Nitrogenous base(A, G, C, or U)
Uracil (U)
Sugar(ribose)
• James Watson and Francis Crick worked out the three-dimensional structure of DNA, based on work by Rosalind Franklin
DNA is a double-stranded helix
Figure 10.3A, B
A definition….• Protein: A large molecule composed of one or
more chains of amino acids in a specific order. Molecules that carry many life-related processes.
blogs.discovermagazine.comhttp://www.uscnk.com/directory/P-Protein%28P%29-0256.htm
www.license.umn.edu
– The DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated into the protein (The sequence of amino acids in a protein is defined by the sequence of a gene, which is encoded in the genetic code)
Figure 10.6A
DNA
RNA
Protein
TRANSCRIPTION
TRANSLATION
• The information constituting an organism’s genotype is carried in its sequence of bases
U C A G
U
C
A
G
GACU
GACU
GACU
GACU
UUUUUCUUAUUG
CUUCUCCUACUG
AUUAUCAUAAUG
GUUGUCGUAGUG
phe
leu
leu
ile
met (start)
val
UCUUCCUCAUCG
CCUCCCCCACCG
ACUACCACAACG
GCUGCCGCAGCG
ser
pro
thr
ala
UAUUACUAAUAG
CAUCACCAACAG
AAUAAC
AAGAAA
GAUGACGAAGAG
tyr
stopstop
his
gln
asn
lys
asp
glu
UGUUGCUGAUGG
CGUCGCCGACGG
AGUAGCAGAAGG
GGUGGCGGAGGG
cys
stoptrp
arg
ser
arg
gly
First Base T
hird Base
Second Base
Virtually all organisms share the same genetic code “unity of life”
top related