geothermal energy in the klamath basin

Geothermal Energy

in the Klamath Basin

Toni Boyd

Geo-Heat Center

Oregon Institute of Technology

O R

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A L G AS C

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M DD E

N J

N YV T

N H

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Te mperature A bove 100 oC (212 oF)

Te mperature Below 100 oC (212 oF)

A Z

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Geothermal Resources of the USA

• High temperature: Electric

Power

• Low temperature: Direct Use

•Ambient temperature: Heat

Pumps

R efrige rat ion

P lant

Food P rocessing

P ow er P lan t

A pa rtm en t

B uilding

G reenhouse

F ish Fa rm400

0F

2000F

C ascad ing to m axim ize use

o f the geothe rm al ene rgy

Cascading geothermal fluids – combined heat & power

M odo c Poin t

To C h iloq uin 6

m i. (10 km )

King sle y

F ield

Klamath Falls

Alta mo nt

Olen e

Olen e Ga p

M id la nd

Ke no

M erril l

W orde n

Stu kel M tn.

65 25 ft (19 89 m )

H am aker M tn .

65 98 ft (20 11 m )

H ogb ack M tn.

61 98 ft (18 89 m )

5 ki lom ete rs10 2 3 4

0 1 2 3 4 5 m iles

S CALE

Hot well area

Potentia l geotherm al area

White line Reservoir

Swan Lake

Round

Lake

Spring

Lake

Kla

m

ath

Riv

er D

ive

rs ion Canal

Nus s

Lake

LO WE R

KL AMA TH

LA KE BE D97

39

66

39

14 0

14 0

97

14 0

12 1030

'

12 1045

'

12 2000

'

42030 '

42 015 '

42 000 '

W illia

ms o

n R

ive

r

OIT

UPP ER

KL AMA TH

LA KE

Klamath CountyDistrict Heating

3 sites

Industrial

2 sites

Greenhouse

2 sites

Aquaculture

1 sites

Space Heating

Over 600 sites

Snow Melting

4 main areas

Resort/Spas

4 swimming pools

Klamath Falls

• 600 geothermal wells

• 100 to 1,800 ft deep

• 100 to 220oF

• Majority use downhole

heat exchangers

• City district heating

system – 24 buildings

• Pavement snow

melting systems

• Oregon Institute of

Technology

“Big Springs” – Modoc field

O IT-2

O IT-6

Stop 1

O IT-5

O ITIN J- 1

O ITIN J- 2

O R EG O N IN STITU TE

O F TEC H N O LO G Y

Ph ys ica l

Plan t

C o rn e tt H all

Pu rv ine

H all

Sem on

H all

So u th

H all

O wen s

H all

L ibr ary

Sto p 6

C o llec tion T an k

an d B oo ste r Pu m p s

Sto p 5

C h ille r

Sn e ll Hall

R esiden ce

H all

Sto p 3

C o lleg e

U nio n

P.E .

B u ild in g

Stad ium

Sto p 2

H eat E xch an ger

B u ild in g

B o ard B u sX

Sto p 4

Oregon Institute of Technology

Past and Present

• Original location was a military facility

• Original campus (1947 – 1960) spent

$100,000/yr for heating

• Appropriation of $150,000 for

exploration for a new campus for OIT –

late 1950s

– Used for master plan

– Exploration to determine availability of

geothermal water for space heating

Normal fault system on the east side of campus

OIT

Normal fault

Offset fault

Geothermal wells

Injection wells

Well Drilling

• OIT #1 – 1959– Depth 1,200 ft produced 510

gpm of 78oF water – used as domestic water now

• OIT #2 – 1960 further west and south of OIT#1– Depth 1,220 ft producing 170

gpm of 176oF water

• OIT#5 and 6 – 1963 – area close to OIT#2– Depths 1,716 and 1,800 ft

producing 442 and 250 gpm of 191oF water

OIT production

and injection

wells

OIT heating system

OIT snow

melting

using

geothermal

New geothermal snowmelt system on campus

New OIT Geothermal Projects

• Small-scale power plant: 280 kW

– Completed

• Deep Well Drilling project

– Completed

• Medium-scale power plant: 1.5 MW

– Development stage

• Incubator greenhouses

• Incubator aquaculture ponds

Small-Scale Power Plant

• Use existing wells at approx. 600 gpm

• Take 15oF off the top – actually is 27oF – to campus around 165oF

• Remainder adequate to heat campus

• Binary (organic Rankine cycle) power plant –280 kW gross (208 kW net)

• Water cooling though a cooling tower - 70oF

• Provide 10% of electrical energy use

• Demonstration site and student laboratory

Hot W ate r /

Steam

O IT -2

O IT -6 O IT -5

W ells

Fault

Zo ne

280 kW plant using OIT existing wells

Small-Scale Power Plant 2

• Unit installed in existing Heat Exchange Building

• Testing and commission started in February 2010

• Interconnection agreement signed

• Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) signed

• Selling Power in March 2010

• Total cost of project - $1.1 million

• Funding– Blue Sky Fund Award - $100,000

– Energy Trust - $487,000

– BETC - $279,273

– State Bonds

Small-Scale Power Plant 3

• Water Rights

– Limited Use

– Transfer

• UIC permit

– Added power to the mix

• Controls

• Combining meters

Deep Well Project

• Completed a reflection seismic survey– Better location of the fault

– Located the drilling site

– 63 2.2-lb dynamite charges at 18 feet deep

– Located on campus and surrounding property

• Optimum drilling target 3,000 to 4,000 ft

• Drill site in southeast corner of parking lot

• Completed Environmental Assessment - FONSI

Proposed

well location

Proposed

well location

OIT seismic survey

D ee p

W e ll

H ot W ater /

S te am

New well for high temperature plant - deviated

Dedication – Jan. 24, 2009

Deep Well Project 2

• Drilled a deep well to 5,308 ft (deviated)

• Based on geochemistry analysis - >300oF should be encountered

• First Pump Test Results– 196oF temperature

– 1500 gpm

– 23 feet of drawdown

• Another pump test needed– to monitor surrounding wells and

for water rights

– 2500 gpm with 75 feet of drawdown

• Need to purchase a pump for the well

OIT #7

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220

Temperature

Dep

th

Temperature

profiles of

deep well

Final profile

after liner

and cleaning

S.W.L

.

Profiles

before liner

and cleaningStart of

liner

Well location

Injection wells

Production wells

In jec tion W ells

Drill R ig at the

Production W ell

G eotherm al

Pow er P lant

Existing

G eotherm al

W ells

Oregon Institute of Technology

Geotherm al H igh Tem perature

Pow er Project

Normal fault system on the east side of campus

OIT

Normal fault

Offset fault

Geothermal wells

Injection wells

Medium-Scale Power Plant

• Drilled a deep well to 1,615 m (5,300 ft) (deviated)

• Binary power plant – 1.5 MWe gross – 1.0 MWe net

• Will provide nearly 60% of campus electrical needs

• Reject water could be used to supply additional heat to campus and to surrounding buildings

• Used as a demonstration site and student laboratory

Medium-Scale Power Plant 2

• Cultural Survey

• Drill an injection well– Contract awarded

• Complete pipeline from power plant to injection well– Design completed

– Working on RFP

• Hopefully operational by late 2012

Medium-Scale Power Plant 3

• Completed pipeline up to heat exchange building

• Pump test completed in June 2010– Water Rights

– Injection well

– Specify pump

• First RFP for the Power Plant Design closed

• Second RFP will close this month

• Applications– Interconnection Agreement

– PPA

– FERC

– BETC (completed)

– Energy Trust (applied)

– EIA Form 860 report

Medium-Scale Power Plant 4

• State agency – Proposal process

– Legal sufficiency – DOJ

• Funding– CDP

• FY08 $ 984,000

• FY09 $1,522,400

• FY10 $1,000,000

• FY11 $ 400,000 ???

– State Bonds• F-Bonds $1,000,000 with $2,000,000

• G-Bonds $1,000,000 with $2,000,000 (??)

Cost And Time

• Low temperature power plant: $1,100,000

• High temperature power plant: $11,900,000

• Incubator greenhouse: $300,000

• Incubator aquaculture facility: $300,000

Conclusion

• OIT is the first campus to receives all of its heating energy from a geothermal resource under campus

• OIT has the first geothermal power plant on a university campus and the only one operating in Oregon

• We are approaching a 100% “green” campus – PV, wind and biomass will be added in our Sustainable Energy Park.

• With our Renewable Energy Engineering BS program – we are a training facility in all forms of geothermal energy use – as well as a demonstration/tour site.

Addition Information

From

Geo-Heat Center• http://geoheat.oit.edu

• Bulletin Articles

• Technical Articles

• Technical Assistance

• Geothermal in Oregon report

• Updates on campus geothermal projects

• geoheat@oit.edu

• toni.boyd@oit.edu

THANK YOU