germany

member of

International Symposium on Regional

Commuter Railways

Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

July 1st 2009

“Creating World Class Regional

Commuter Railway Systems in Taiwan

Lessons From Hamburg - Germany”

Karl H. Hoeffler Dipl.-Ing, M.Sc., Reg. Baumeister

2member of GROUP

General Background of Railway Transportation and

Regional Commuter Railways in Germany

Long distance railway is mainly Deutsche Bahn D B business

(120 Mio pass/year)

Market for Regional Commuter Railway is more and more open for

competition, but share of „private“ operators is still less 10%

– DB Nahverkehr Commuter Rail

1,100 Mio. passenger/year, 33.809 Millionen Personenkilometer

turnover 2007: 6.532 Mio €, therof 4.147 Public Service subsidies

– VEOLIA Group

– ARRIVA Group

– HOCHBAHN Gruppe (BENEX)

Commuter railway services in Germany are

understood as a public service obligation

3member of GROUP

Hamburger Hochbahn Group

established in 1911 by SIEMENS and AEG

public limited company 100% owned by State of Hamburg

4,400 staff

393 Mill. passengers/year

14 subsidiaries

Metro Bus

204 millionPassengers / year.189 million

46 millionCar-km / year75 million

726Cars / Buses214

1.303Stations / Stops89

1.303 kmnetwork101 km

4member of GROUP

Hamburger Hochbahn: BeNEX manages Commuter

Railway activities outside Hamburg

BeNEX takes care for all public transport operations outside of the state of Hamburg.

is bidding for commuter railway tenders alone or in joint ventures

Acquires established transport operating companies

BENEX long term goal10 % market share of Germancommuter railway services

ShareholderHOCHBAHN 51%Int‘l Public Partnerships (49%)

5member of GROUP

Hamburg, the Metropolitan Region in the North of Germany

Population

Germany: 82.1 Mio

Hamburg: 1,77 Mio

Metropolitan Region: 4,29 Mio

Key figures

HVV service area: 8,700 km2

Hamburg: 755 km2

6member of GROUP

Mass Transit Service Networks in the Hamburg

Metropolitan Region

Railbound public

transport:

• 3 metro lines

(HOCHBAHN)

• 6 suburban railway

lines (S-Bahn, DB)

• 12 regional railway

lines (DB,

metronom, AKN)

Other public

transport:

• 408 bus lines

(different

operators)

• 6 harbour ferries

(Hadag)

7member of GROUP

Service Characteristics

of the Commuter Railway A = AKN Railway

R = Regional Express Rail Line

S = Urban / Suburban Rail

U = Metro(independent from other networks)

Network Lines (No.) Length (Lines) Traction Power

A 3 96,6 km Diesel(and bi-mode railcars)

R 12 988 kmOCS: 15 kV, 16,7 Hz

and Diesel

S 6 186,7 km (*) 1.200 V d.c.(and two system EMUs)

U 3 100,7 km 750 V d.c.750 V d.c.(by third rail)

8member of GROUP

AKN – Railway (Regional Commuter Rail Network)

9member of GROUP

AKN – Railway (Regional Commuter Rail Network)

Track on separated right-of-way

Level crossings

Block signal system with fixed blocks

Traffic control by central electronic signal

box (after former traffic regulation by radio)

10member of GROUP

AKN – Railway (Regional Commuter Rail Network)

Special feature:through trains to Hamburg Central station running on S-Bahn lines(dual mode trains – Diesel and electric, current collection 1.200 V d.c. from 3rd rail)

Diesel & electric hybrid railcar

type VTA (multiple units)

in S-Bahn tunnel Station

11member of GROUP

AKN – Rolling Stock

DMU units type VT 2E

(Alstom Germany)

Hybrid-railcars type VTA

(Diesel & electric)

Type VT 2E VTA

Year of

construction1976-77 1993

Length

(o.c.)30,13 m 32,62 m

Tare weight 51,9 t 55,4 t

Power 2 x 242 kW 485 kW

Powered by DieselDiesel & electric

(3rd rail)

Multiple

unitsup to 4 up to 4

Max. speed 88 km/h 105 km/h

Seats 88 96

Standees 152 150

12member of GROUP

Connection between AKN and Metro – common station

13member of GROUP

Diesel-Hybrid Railcar in Hamburg Main Station

Operation on third rail (1.200 V d.c.)

14member of GROUP

Regional Commuter Trains

Infrastructure Characteristics

Operation on railway main line tracks

and regional secondary feeder lines– 7 Commuter Lines on main line tracks

– 5 local feeder lines

Track infrastructure:– Main Line: 2 up to 4 tracks (section-wise)

– Local feeder lines: single track secondary lines

Sharing of main line tracks with– High speed trains (ICE, vmax = 200 km/h)

– Intercity (vmax = 200 km/h)

– Cargo trains

Maximum speed of Regional Express Trains

– Locomotive operated double deck trains: 160 km/h

– DMUs on secondary lines: 120 km/h

Power supply

– 15.000 V, 16 2/3 Hz a.c. by catenary (main lines)

– Diesel Operation on local feeder lines

15member of GROUP

Regional Commuter Trains

Service Peak hour service Off-peak hour Nights / Weekends

ME60‘

(+ single additional trains)60‘ 60‘

MEr 30‘ 60‘ 60‘

DB-RE 30‘ 60‘ 60‘

DB-RB 15‘ 30‘ 30‘

Service Patterns

Express Lines: ME + RE (DB)– Calling only at important stations

– Distances between stations: 15 – 25 km

– 5 / 7 / 8 double deck cars + 1 loco

– Platform length: 220 m – 400 m

Stop Train Lines: MEr + RB (DB)– Calling at all stations

– Distances between stations: 3 - 4 km

– 5 cars / 4 DD cars + 1 loco

– Platform length: min. 167 m

16member of GROUP

Double deck push-pull trains

Definition of Push-pull Train A push-pull train is a train operated in two directions by one single locomotive only.

In one direction the train is hauled or pulled by the locomotive with the driver controlling the train from cab located in the locomotive. In the reverse direction the train is pushed from the same locomotive.

The rear-end car of the train is a non-powered passenger carwith an additional driver’s cab – a so-called control trailer, control cab car or pilot-car. ( TC )

For operating in the reverse direction the driver will change to TC-car and control the train from

the driver’s console located herein.

The locomotive will push the train and will remain unmanned for the run in reverse direction.

LocoControl

Cab car

17member of GROUP

Regional Commuter Trains

Rolling Stock Characteristics

Locomotives

– Electric locomotives (Bombardier Traxx)

Series E 146: 5,6 MW – 84 t

Max. speed: 160 km/h

– RE50: Diesel locomotives (Traxx)

80% same components as E 146

Series V 246: 2,8 MW – 86 t

Max. speed: 160 km/h

Double deck cars

– 2nd class car: 125 seats + 130 standees

– Control cab car: 98 seats + 140 standees

– Tare weight: 56 t – 60 t

– Max. speed: 160 km/h

18member of GROUP

Concept for regional train service

19member of GROUP

20member of GROUP

S-Bahn – Urban & Suburban Rapid Transit Network

Characteristics of S-Bahn Networks

Synchronised Timetables

( regular intervals / short headways )

High platforms & high floor vehicles

( stepless entry / quick boarding & alighting )

High capacity vehicles with large side doors

( quick boarding & alighting )

Usually EMU-type trains with high acceleration

( frequent stops, short distances between stops )

Mostly completely separated tracks,

in urban areas also separate from main line tracks,

no level-crossings

Closely tied networks with

many links to other modes of public transport

High degree of embedding

into Integrated Public Transport Networks

21member of GROUP

S-Bahn – Central Trunk Line Concepts

Trunk Line Concept

Branch Lines from the region

and suburbs are routed on one

or two central trunk lines

through the downtown

Metro operations typically

on separated individual Lines

( Connections only for transfers

to Depots / Workshops )

22member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – Infrastructure Characteristics

4 regular Lines + 2 lines only during peak-hours)

Network Length: 144 km

68 Stations

ROW segregated tracks

Platforms:

– Length: 140 m (minimum – 6-car trains)

– 201 m – 240 m (maximum – 9 cars)

– Platform height: 76 cm + 96 cm

Power supply

– 1.200 V d.c. by third rail

– 15.000 V, 16 2/3 Hz a.c. by catenary

– 31 km extension on main line railway line

Block signal system with fixed blocks

Traffic control by relay & electronic signal boxes

23member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – Rolling Stock (EMU)

Basic units: 3 cars

EMUs – up to 3 units / 9 cars

Type ET 472 (only d.c.)

– 62 3-car units

– All 3 cars / 12 axles powered

Type ET 472

Year of

construction1974-1984

Length (o.c.) 65,82m

Tare weight 114,4 t

Power 1.500 kW

Power supply 3rd rail

Multiple units up to 3

Max. speed88 km/h

Seats 88

Standees 152

24member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – Rolling Stock (EMU)

Type ET 474

– 2/3 cars powered (front &

rear)

– Middle car: Trailer

2 vehicles types

– solely d.c.: 70 units

– dual system: 42 units

(d.c./3rd rail + a.c./catenary)

Type ET 474

Year of

construction

1996 – 2004

2006

Length (o.c.) 66,00 m

Tare weight 94 t (d.c. version)

106 t (bi-mode)

Power 485 kW

Power supply 1.200 V d.c.

15 kV, 16,7 Hz a.c.

Multiple

unitsup to 3

Max. speed 100 km/h

Seats 208

Standees 306

25member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – Service Pattern / Headways

Line Peak hour service Off-peak hour Nights / Weekends

S 1 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S11) 10‘ 20‘

S 2 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S21) - / - - / -

S 3 10‘ / 20‘ (5‘ incl. S 31) 10‘ / 20‘ / 60‘ 10‘ / 30‘ / 60‘

S 11 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S1) - / - - / -

S 21 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S2) 10‘ 20‘

S 31 10‘ ( 5‘ incl. S3) 10‘ 20‘

26member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – Dual System EMU type 474 (d.c.+ a.c.)

27member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – EMU type ET 474

28member of GROUP

S-Bahn Hamburg – EMU type ET 474 under catenary

29member of GROUP

Integration of public transportation networks and

services

Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV Hamburg Transit

authority)

the first integrated public transit authority worldwide

founded 1986

intended to stop competition between guided transit

modes and bus lines

intended to offer services following the principle

– one integrated network

– one integrated timetable

– one tariff

30member of GROUP

Modal split

31member of GROUP

Passenger trips acc to tickets sold

32member of GROUP

Hamburg: PT services organised in three tiers

33member of GROUP

The contractual framework

34member of GROUP

OPEX financing approach

35member of GROUP

Sustainable financing for CAPEX and OPEX remains a

challenge for Germany

for new investments and extension in regional railways we estimate 1,7 Bill €/Year

infrastructure of maintenance needs 330 Mill €/year

infrastructure maintenance backlog sums up to 2.4 Bill.€

cost recovery ratio remains under 80%, i.e. the need for public subsidies will not disappear

but without public transit city life would sooner or later collapse

36member of GROUP

Executive Summary

Commuter Railway Services in Germany is understood as a public service obligation

Regional Commuter Railways in Germany is big business with a turnover of more than 7.000 Mio Euro p.a.

Regional Commuter Railways in Hamburg is part of a seamlessly integrated public transit network

Regional Commuter Railway operation has become open for competition, infrastructure remains in hands of DB

the use of existing railway infrastructure has turned out as a good decision to establish a sound and environmental friendly commuter services.

37member of GROUP

With regard to climate change and efficient use of

ressources, PT is indispensable for metropolitan life

- and Hamburg has good marks