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GIS APPLICATION IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

By

Ammar, Hussain T.

Civil Engineer

CONTENT

• Introduction

• Need for GIS

• Goal

• SWM Functional Elements – Waste Storage

– Waste Collection

– Waste Disposal

• conclusion

INTRODUCTION

• SW generated from begin of humanity (natural)

• Urbanization, increase population, new technology

increase waste generation rate & types

• SWM integral part of public health and environmental control

• Improper SWM leads to both economic & environmental suffering

• Uncollected garbage leads to bad odor, growth and spread of disease, reduce market value of the area.

• SW problems not only because of increase in generation, but also improper management. One of the major management issue in SWM is data management.

NEED FOR GIS

• factors related to solid waste management have a spatial component as well as non-spatial data.

• data and records are often lie in isolated form, difficult to assess system functionality and efficiency.

• Need to manage the data in an integrated form to reduce complexity and to solve problems to various interrelated issues.

• because of layers property of GIS there is least chance of confusion and error.

GOALS

• To demonstrate the aid of GIS in the field of SWM.

– As a decision support system

– To solve SWM problems

– To reduce workload

– To save cost and time

– To max. serviceability and profit generation

FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SWM

• Waste Generation

• Waste storage, handling, separation, processing at source

• Waste Collection &

Transfer/Transport, waste separation, processing, and transformation.

• Waste Disposal

WASTE STORAGE

• waste is stored in waste bins located in both sides of streets next to buildings.

• Direct impact on public health.

• Common problems:

– Garbage are not lifted in regular intervals

– Waste bins are not cleaned in regular bases.

– Improper waste bin allocation • Open dumps sensitive area

CASE STUDY, INDIA

• Make sure that all residents have a waste bin close to them (no open dumps)

• Relocation of waste bins located in sensitive areas, e.g. close to hospital or river

• Allocation of recyclable waste bins, next to waste bin

RELOCATION OF IMPROPER PLACED WASTE BINS

RECYCLE WASTE BINS ALLOCATION

WASTE COLLECTION

• Complex and difficult, has about 50-70% portion of the total cost for SWM

• Small change in collection practice, could results in big saving

• Common problems:

– No routs planning/(optimization)

– No scheduling of job, and documentation

WM, INC • Provides collection service for 48 states, District of

Columbia, Canada, Puerto Rico.

• 26,000 collection vehicle

• 80 million tons of SW/year

• Serving 20 million customer

• Applies GIS in 2003, and uses Network Analyst Extension + rout smart to optimize its routs and collection system

• Total routs =10 • Total hours = 9 x 10 = 90 • Avg. Yards/h = 57.06

• Total routs =9 • Total hours = 8 x 9 = 72 • Avg. Yards/h = 63.41

• in 2003, a net effect of 984 fewer routs ,

saving of $18,000,000

OTHER ADVANTAGES

• Optimize fuel efficiency

• Helping setouts by identifying their location on map

• With GPS –tracking of collection vehicle (offline)

• With routs shown in GIS marketing department can easily target new customers in same routs

• Fewer track in the road, reduce noise and emission

WASTE DISPOSAL

• Residual waste after all possible processing and transformation should be properly disposed

• Open dumps cause threat to environment

• Thus, waste should be disposed in managed landfill

• Landfilling is the process of waste disposing, it starts with the problem of locating a landfill

CONSTRAINTS

• Should have a slope lower than 40% degree

• Should be kept more than 300m away from streams

• Must be more than 155m from developed area

• Must be kept more than 60m away from faults

• Should be kept more than 60m away from water body

• Must be kept more than 150m away from residence

• Must be kept more than 3000m away from Hospitals

GIS INTERFACE

• Developed by

Ottawa University

TWO DIFFERENT MODELS

BOOLEAN MODEL

INDEX OVERLAY MODEL

0.8 0.1

Conclusion

• GIS helps as a decision support system for sitting a landfill and allocating waste and recycle bins.

• Also helps in rout planning and optimizing collection system which reduce workload and save time as well as cost.

• Company crew could response in better time.

THANKS

Q & A