global environmental issues

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL

ISSUES

PRESENTED BY:RAMVILAS

GHOSH .ADEPT.AQUATIC BIOLOGY &FISHERIES

introduction The crisis we face is very alarming The major conflict: ENVIRONMENT v/s DEVLOPMENT Development doesn’t compromise with

environment and biodiversity With ever increasing global population the

situation is even worsened Clash of politics regarding environmental

values & interests that occurs in the course of formulating and implementing policies

No alternatives in effective use

So far many environmental issues are citing immediate interventions

IT’S A DO OR DIE SITUATION !!!!The most striking and evident 10

environmental problems are listed below Climate Change & global warming Ozone Depletion Biodiversity Loss Ocean Exhaustion Desertification Ozone depletion Wastes Pollution Deforestation Population growth

GLOBAL WARMING &

CLIMATE CHANGE

Global Climate Fluctuations

General increase in temperature caused by increased amount of green house gases around the Earth Estimated rise in global temperature is 1.4 – 5.8 ºC by 2100

MAJOR IMPACTS rise in sea level { 9-88 cm by 2100} Drowning of rice fields and island nations Coral bleaching and loss of biodiversity ; algal blooms Vectors active; spread of diseases

Ozone depletion

October 1999 (average)Historically, the Antarctic ozone hole is largest during October. This image shows the data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) Earth Probe, for the month of October 1999.

September 17th 2010Satellite data show the area of the 2010 Antarctic ozone hole peaked at a size roughly equal to that of recent years about the same area as North America. Researchers have observed a leveling-off of the hole size and predict a slow recovery.

Destruction of stratospheric ozone by CFCs

Strong UV ODS splits gases releasing chlorine and bromine atoms

Bromine & chlorine atoms destroys ozone One ‘Cl’ atom can destroy over 100,000

ozone molecules IMPACTS : a) thinning of ozone layer b) direct influx of UV rays c) causes skin cancers,

burns, destruction of plant leaves, irritations etc

DESERTIFICATION Extreme deterioration of land {arid & sub-humid areas} Major reasons: a) loss of soil moisture & vegetation b) influenced by man made activities and climate changes 300 million hectares of farm land now abandoned world

wide Affects about 41% of global land area Affects livelihood of more than 1 billion people in over

110 countries A typical example : The expansion of Gobi Desert by 52000

km², from 1994- 1999, now 150 miles away from Beijing

Ocean exhaustion

Consumption Collapsing Fish Populations “collateral damage”

Leatherback turtles

Pollution Eutrophication

Dying Coral reefs Oil spill and chemical spill

Toxins, Viruses, Bacteria Sea otter decline

Habitat destruction Bottom trawling Coastal wetlands

WASTESHEAVY METALS AND E-WASTES

BIOACCUMULATION

GARBAGE

Food, paper, clothes, materials, substances which are no longer needed and have been thrown away.

POLLUTION Undesirable events taking place in the

environment Pollutants responsible for pollution Types of pollution: 1) air pollution 2) water pollution 3) soil/land pollution 4) noise polluition

Air pollution

Air pollution

The air in our towns and cities is very polluted with gases, car fumes, smoke. It is becoming more and more difficult to breathe.

Water pollution

Water pollution

Water contains harmful chemicals and is very dangerous for people and animals.

LAND POLLUTION

Noise pollution

sound is very loud or continuous noise which is considered unpleasant and harmful to people.

Biodiversity loss Loss of biodiversity at an alarming rate Scientists figured – “the 6th extinction” REASONS : mainly anthropogenic intervention a) Habitat loss and fragmentation

b) invasive alien species

Mikania micrantha

Water Dragon

Fire Ants

c) Deforestation

deforestation

MAJOR IMPACTS Habitat loss Loss of biodiversity Occurrence of natural calamities Destabilization of climate Loss of livelihood Oxygen imbalance

ROOT CAUSE………

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT…….

solutions2 concepts for control approach: Assimilative capacity concept Principle of control concept

IMPORTANT MEASURES Education for children on public health and

sanitations; their rights and duties People must learn to measure and estimate the

amount of pollution in their surroundings Effective intervention of government

departments on health , environment related issues

Where pollution is severe the authorities should conduct regular inspections

Need to separate dry waste from wet waste- wet waste need needs to be composed for agricultural use

Reduce vehicular pollution – promote public transport systems

Sewage water should treated and used for irrigation

Building of watersheds Reduced use of fossil fuels- use of CNG and

other cleaner fuels Bioremediation and biofiltration Reduce , Reuse & Recycle Afforestation and effective banning of illegal

poaching

conclusion Need of immediate intervention into the

global environmental problems Need of sustainable development Green economy Effective implementation of global

environmental policies Role of governments, NGOs, individuals Role & effective use of biotechnology

resources Education and empowerment programs

Thank YouMerci

salamatKop

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DANKE

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dêkuji

köszönöm

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HwalaGr aXie

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obrigadoDALU

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