global waste management trends · •waste generation is anticipated to increase by 70% by 2050...
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Catalina Marulanda Silpa Kaza
Practice Manager Urban Development Specialist
June 17, 2019
Global Waste Management Trends
Main Messages
• Waste generation is anticipated to increase by 70% by 2050 with Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia growing the fastest (35% of global waste by 2050)
• One-quarter of global plastic waste is coming from East Asia and the Pacific with ocean waste primarily coming from 5 countries in the region
• Nearly 50% of solid waste operations involve the private sector, nonprofits or civil society and there is further opportunity to engage
2
Waste is expected to increase by 70%
by 2050
2016: 2.01 billion tonnes
2050: 3.40 billion tonnes
3
Waste generation is positively correlated with urbanization
4
0
1
2
3
4
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%Was
te G
ener
atio
n (
Kg
/Per
son
/Day
)
Urbanization Rate (%)
Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia are the fastest growing regions
Projected Waste GenerationMillions of tonnes/year
5
129174
231289
334392
468
177
269 290342
466 440
602
255
516
369 396
661
490
714
Middle East& North
Africa
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Latin America& Caribbean
NorthAmerica
South Asia Europe &Central Asia
East Asia &Pacific
2016 2030 2050
Per capita waste generation increases with income
6
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000
Was
te p
er c
apit
a (k
g/p
erso
n/y
ear)
GDP per capita (2011 PPP International $/year)
High income countries generate 34% of the world’s waste with 16% of the global population
7Average global waste generation is 0.74 kg/capita/day
7
Projected Waste Generation (kg/capita/day)
0.46 0.52 0.560.81
0.991.18
2.21
Sub-SaharanAfrica
South Asia East Asia &Pacific
Middle East &North Africa
Latin America& Caribbean
Europe &Central Asia
North America
8
0.77 0.81
1.83 1.77 1.721.60 1.58
1.401.29
1.191.02 0.98
0.89 0.84 0.81 0.780.67 0.66 0.62 0.61 0.55 0.53 0.48
Middle East & North Africa Region
0.770.99
3.76
3.27 3.24
2.75
2.31
1.861.71 1.67
1.48 1.401.20 1.16 1.14 1.11 1.07 1.05 1.02 1.01 1.00 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.71 0.70 0.65 0.58 0.57 0.50 0.47 0.46 0.40
Latin America & Caribbean Region
9
0.77
0.63
1.42
0.71
0.540.44 0.43
0.34 0.30
0.17
GLOBAL
AVERAGE
REGIONAL
AVERAGE
MALDIVES INDIA BHUTAN AFGHANISTAN PAKISTAN SRI LANKA BANGLADESH NEPAL
South Asia Region
0.77
0.48
1.56
1.04 1.01 0.98 0.95
0.800.74 0.71 0.68
0.58 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.190.12
Sub-Saharan Africa Region
Kg / capita / day, data adjusted to 2016
10
Composition of waste varies by income
Food loss and waste amounts to 30% globally
11Source: FAO
Plastic waste generation is growing rapidly
242 million tonnes
=
12
4.8 million Olympic-sized swimming pools24 trillion plastic bottles
Three regions account for 60% of plastic waste generation
105 million tonnes
Remaining Regions
57 million tonnes
East Asia & Pacific
45 million tonnes
Europe & Central Asia
35 million tonnes
North America
13
Low-income countries collect only 39% of waste
14
33% of global waste is openly dumpedwith over 90% in low-income countries
15
Compost, 5.5%
Incineration, 11%
Controlled Landfill,
4%
Landfill (Unspecified),
25%Sanitary Landfill, 7.7%
Open Dump, 33%
Other, 0.3%
Recycling, 13.5%
16
18%
27%
69%
26%
53%
75%
46%
69%
24%
26%
34%
4%
54%
2%
0%
11%
4%
16%
9%
4%
7%
20%
9%
5%
33%
24%
18%
12%
East Asia & Pacific
Latin America &Caribbean
Sub-Saharan Africa
Europe & Central Asia
Middle East & NorthAfrica
South Asia
North America
Open Dump
Landfill
Compost
Recycling
Anaerobic Digestion
Incineration
22%
100%
77%
67%
60%
78%
33%
37%
18%
3%
5%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
El Salvador
Tanzania
India
Palestine
NepalTreatment & Disposal
Solid waste management contributes to 5% of global emissions (excluding transportation)
2016: 1.6 billion tonnes CO2-equivalent GHG emissions
2050: 2.6 billion tonnes CO2-equivalent GHG emissions
17
The poor are most affected by inadequate waste management
18
30% of countries do not have any institutions or policies to
address waste
19
Waste is overwhelming a predominantly local government
responsibility
20
Local governments often lack funds, only covering ~50% of
investment costs for waste systems
Remainder comes mainly from the national government
and the private sector 21
>50% of services are operated by public entities & ~1/3 involve a public-
private partnership
22
In low-income countries waste
management consumes ~20%
of municipal budgets
High income countries: >$100/tonne
Lower-income countries: ~$35/tonne
23
Time for actionis now.
24© Divya Singh / IFC
Major investment is needed
25
1) Focus on Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia
which account for nearly
half of the growth in waste
by 2050
2) Prioritize 5 countries in Asia
to address bulk of marine
litter problem
Engage the private sector
26
3) Adopt regulations and
incentives to attract
financing and the right
partners—private sector,
nonprofits, or civil society
Thank you
worldbank.org/what-a-waste
27
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