glucose, microenvironments and cancer connections
Post on 20-Aug-2015
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Glucose, Microenvironments
and Cancer
Research and Results
Researcher
Dr. Mina Bissell
TED Talk
DevelopmentalGenetics
We all start out as
one cell:
A fertilized egg.
That cell transforms into arms, legs, eyes, feet: From one cell to a brain, stomach, intestines.
Research QuestionAs adults, we
have between 10
and 70 trillion
cells. How do
cells with all the
same genetic
material become
so specialized?
• Bissell believes the answer lies in context and architecture.
• She came to this conclusion based on a number of experiments.
• One of the first experiments was working with a cancer of chickens. Rous discovered the first virus or oncogene that caused it in 1911.
Finding Answers
Thinking Outside the BoxBecause of Rous’ successes the dominant cancer theory became the Oncogene Theory. “All you need is a single oncogene to get cancer.”
Experiment With Chicken Tumor Oncogenes
When she injected a chick embryo with an oncogene marked in blue, the oncogene did not create cancer in the chick. The gene simply just incorporated into the feathers and other tissues of the chick.
Experiment With Chicken Tumor OncogenesWhen she dissociated the oncogene from the chick embryo’s feather, put the oncogene in a Petri dish, the oncogene created cancer cells.
In other words, where the oncogene is and what is around it makes a difference.
Acinus is the cluster
of cells that forms a
berry shaped sac where a secretion is
produced. In the breast, the acini produce milk.
Form and Function
Extracellular matrix was thought
to be inert or just scaffolding.
Bissell Found:• that the microenvironment
(which includes the ECM) regulates cell growth
• that the microenvironment ECM regulates cell organization
• that the ECM communicates with the genes in this regulation and organization
• that without the ECM, cancerous growth occurs
• that the microenvironment is key to normal cell growth
Normal Breast Acini
Cancerous Breast Acini
What Does Food Have to Do With This?
Hyperglycemia
2014 Study
Onodera, Y., Nam, J. and Bissell, M.,(2014). Increased sugar uptake promotesoncogenesis via EPAC/RAP1 and O-GlcNAc pathways. J Clin Invest. 124(1):367–384. doi:10.1172/JCI63146.
Checklist
.
Obesity
Increased Risk of Cancer
Diabetes
Onodera, Y., Nam, J. and Bissell, M.,(2014). Increased sugar uptake promotesoncogenesis via EPAC/RAP1 and O-GlcNAc pathways. J Clin Invest. 124(1):367–384. doi:10.1172/JCI63146.
Checklist
.
Obesity
Increased Risk of Cancer
Diabetes
✓
Onodera, Y., Nam, J. and Bissell, M.,(2014). Increased sugar uptake promotesoncogenesis via EPAC/RAP1 and O-GlcNAc pathways. J Clin Invest. 124(1):367–384. doi:10.1172/JCI63146.
✓
✓
Checklist
.
Obesity
Increased Risk of Cancer
Diabetes
• Organized breast tissue-cells in acini
exposed to too much glucose were
more likely to become disorganized.
• When a reduction in glucose
occurred, the acini became
organized again.
Form and Function
Dr. Mina Bissell
“To our knowledge, this is the first report in which changed glucose uptake alone has been shown to have such profound consequences on the behavior of nonmalignant and malignant epithelial cells.”
Lifestyle Change Is Important
• Check out the post Weight Loss and Breast Cancer Survivorship http://medivizor.com/blog/2014/07/08/weight-loss-breast-cancer-survivorship-positive-results/
• Let’s get moving!
Created by: Kathleen Hoffman, PhD
For Medivizor
Based on TED TalkExperiments That Point To A New Understanding
of Cancer (https://www.ted.com/talks/mina_bissell_experiments_that_point_to_a_new_understanding_of_cancer?language=en#t-283612)
by Dr. Mina Bissell @drkdhoffman @medivizor http://medivizor.com
Credits
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