grade 10 physics & chemisrty teacher guide
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úoHdj
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yhridhk úoHdj iy fN!;sl úoHdj
10 fY%aKsh2 0 0 7
úoHd" fi!LH yd YdÍßl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
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úoHdj
10 fY%aKshridhk úoHdj iy fN!;sl úoHdj2 0 0 7
© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
ISBN -
úoHd" fi!LH yd YdÍßl wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGhcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uqøKh(uqøKd,h"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"uyr.u'
ii
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Tfí úfYaI wjOdkhg '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
10 fY%aKsfha úoHdj úIh iïnkaOfhka m<uq jdrh i|yd l%shd;aul l< hq;= Ôj úoHdj
l%shdldrlï ika;;sh we;=<;a .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh fï jk úg Tng w;g m;a j we;'
fuu .%ka:fha wvx.= jkafka 10 fY%aKsfha fo jk jdrh iy f; jk jdrh i|yd l%shd;aul
l< hq;= ridhk úoHdj yd fN!;sl úoHdj l%shdldrlï ika;;sh hs'
t fia u fo jk yd f; jk jdr i|yd fhdað; .=Kd;aul fhojqï o bf.kqu §¾> lsÍfï
WmlrK o fï iuÕ we;=<;a lr we;'
m<uq jdrh i|yd imhd we;s .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh;a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%fõoh;a ;lafiare yd we.hSu;a hk fldgiaj, wvx.= lr we;s ish¨
u lreKq fuu .%ka:h i|yd o iqúfYaI wjOdkhlska hq;= j wod< lr .kak'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ;=< bÈßm;a flfrk l%shdldrlï ika;;sfha" iEu l%shdldrlula
u Tn fj;g iemfhk wdo¾Ylhla muKs' Tn f.a m%foaYfha iïm;a" ixialD;sh" wjYH;d
yd Tfí ks¾udKYs,S;ajh wkqj" fhdað; úIh ikaOdrh .eí jQ" ksmqK;dj ;yjqre jk fia
kj l%shdldrlï ie,iqï ilia lr .ekSu;a" tajd wm fj; iemhSu;a ;=<ska" fuu cd;sl
fufyjrg Tn ,nd fok ixj¾Okd;aul iyfhda.h wm Wola u w.h lrk nj lreKdfjka
i,lkak'
wOHCI"
úoHd" fi!LH yd YdÍßl
wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
iii
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iv
mgqk
msgqj
² úfYaI wjOdkhg
² mgqk
² .=Kd;aul fhojqï
² ridhk úoHdj
² l%shdldrlï ika;;sh
² bf.kqï - b.ekaùï §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
² uQ,dlD;s m%Yak
² fN!;sl úoHdj
² l%shdldrlï ika;;sh
² bf.kqï - b.ekaùï §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
² uQ,dlD;s m%Yak
iii
iv
v
1 - 116
117 - 125
126 - 128
129 - 235
236 - 243
244 - 247
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² hlv l=vq² i,a*¾ l=vq² lelEreï k<² veys wvq² iam%S;= ,dïmq² ue.akSishï má² Na2CO3 ødjKh² NaOH ødjKh² fldm¾ bf,lafg%dav² hlv ;yvqjla ^ &² 1'5 v n,an² CaCl2 ødjKh² iïnkaOl lïì² l=vd l;=rla² rn¾ wen² hlv weK² ;si,a mqkS,² c, fødaKsldjla² uex.kSia vfhdlaihsâ$je,s² msÕka .fvd`M lene,a,la² .sks fmÜá
² fmdgEishï m¾uex.fkaܲ yhsv%cka fmfrdlaihsâ ødjKh² fldm¾ i,af*aÜ ødjKh² iskala len,s² ;kql i,amshqßla wï,h² CaCl2 ødjKh² FeSO4 ødjKh² ldnka bf,lafg%dav² iskala bf,lafg%dav² úh<s fldaI² WIaK;ajudk² ,sÜuia lvodis² je,s lvodis len,s² ùÿre ng² úrdu >áldjla² ñkqï irdjla² fla;= ma,dial=² jdhq ix.%yK uxplhla² isßkachla ùÿre&² ;U oe,la (wire gauze)² bámkaoï
.=Kd;aul fhojqï - ridhk úoHdj
² fg%d,s iïmSvk ÿkq iys;&² lmams² úrdu >áld² ñkqï má² ,S l=Üá² mä fmÜá² 1/2 Kg isg 2 Kg olajd Ndrhka² ksjqgka ;rdȲ mqkS,² U k<² rn¾ ng² ñkqï irdj² îlr
² fødaKsld² fy,slaiSh ÿkq² WIaK;ajudk² nkaika odyl² wdfrdamkh l< yels negß² negß pdcrhla² iïnkaOk lïì² fjda,aÜ ógr² weógr² u,aá ógr² m%;sfrdaOl² m%;sfrdaOl fmÜá
.=Kd;aul fhojqï - fN!;sl úoHdj
v
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129
f; jk jdrhfN!;sl úoHdj
129
ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( ( ( ( ( n,h iy ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d ðú;
wjYH;d imqrd .eksug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ((((( jia;=jla p,s; jQ whqre ikaksfõokh lsÍug p,s;hjia;=jla p,s; jQ whqre ikaksfõokh lsÍug p,s;hjia;=jla p,s; jQ whqre ikaksfõokh lsÍug p,s;hjia;=jla p,s; jQ whqre ikaksfõokh lsÍug p,s;hjia;=jla p,s; jQ whqre ikaksfõokh lsÍug p,s;h
ms<sn| m%ia;dr Ndú; lrhs'ms<sn| m%ia;dr Ndú; lrhs'ms<sn| m%ia;dr Ndú; lrhs'ms<sn| m%ia;dr Ndú; lrhs'ms<sn| m%ia;dr Ndú; lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 1'1l%shdldrlu 1'1l%shdldrlu 1'1l%shdldrlu 1'1l%shdldrlu 1'1 ( m%ia;dr weiqfrka jia;=jl p,s;h wkdjrKh lruq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ( ñks;a;= 120 hs
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ² weuqKqu 1'1'1g we;=<;a msúiqï m;%sldfõ msgm;la iy tys
i|yka WmlrK
² weuqKqu 1'1'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a y;rla
² weuqKqu 1'1'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% y;rla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'1'1mshjr 1'1'1mshjr 1'1'1mshjr 1'1'1mshjr 1'1'1 ² weuqKqu 1'1'1 ys oelafjk l%shdldrlu mka;shg bosrsm;a
lrkak'
² mka;sfha ksrSlaIK iy woyia úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² isiqjd A isg B olajd .uka l< jl% uf`.ys uqM È. Tyq
.uka l< ÿr f,i y÷kajk nj
² isiqjd A isg B ÈYdj Tiafia .uka l< iDcq ÿr úia:dmkh
f,i y÷kajk nj
² ÿr uekSfï § ÈYdjla wod< lr fkd.kakd nj
² úia:dmkh uekSfï § ÈYdjla Tiafia ñkqï .kakd nj
² ÿr iy úia:dmkh uksk wka;¾cd;sl iïu; tallh
ógrh nj
² ld, tallhl § .uka l< ÿr fõ.h f,i y÷kajk nj
² ld, tallhl § isÿ l< úia:dmkh m%fõ.h f,i
y÷kajk nj
² fõ.fha iy m%fõ.fha wka;¾cd;sl iïu; tallh
m s-1 nj
² ÿr iy úia:dmkh ld,h iu. úp,kh ùu m%ia;dßlj
ksrEmkh l< yels nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 1'1'2mshjr 1'1'2mshjr 1'1'2mshjr 1'1'2mshjr 1'1'2 ( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 1'1'3 mshjr 1'1'3 mshjr 1'1'3 mshjr 1'1'3 mshjr 1'1'3 ( ( ( ( ( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² úia:dmkh uekSu hï ksYaÑ; ,laIhl isg ks¾foaY
,laIh& isÿ l< hq;= nj
² ks¾foaY ,laIHfha isg tla ÈYdjlg uksk úia:dmkh
Ok f,i;a ks¾foaY ,laIHfhka úreoaO ÈYdjg uksk
úia:dmkh RK f,i;a i,lk nj
² ks¾foaY ,laIHfha isg .uka lrk ÈYdj yd wdldrh
wkqj úia:dmk- ld, m%ia;drfha yevh fjkia jk nj
² úia:dmk - ld, m%ia;drfha hï lsis ,laIH folla w;r
wkql%uKfhka uOHl m%fõ.fha w.h ,efnk nj
² ÿr-ld, m%ia;drfha hï lsis ,laIH folla w;r
wkql%uKfhka uOHl fõ.fha w.h ,efnk nj
² úia:dmk - ld, m%ia;drhlska ÿr - ld, m%ia;drhlg
jvd p,kh jk jia;=j ms<sn| jeä f;dr;=re ,nd .;
yels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² ÿr" úia:dmkh" fõ.h yd m%fõ.h hk rdYs úia;r lrhs'
² úia:dmk - ld, m%ia;drhlska jeä f;dr;=re m%udKhla wkdjrKh lr .; yels
nj ms<s.kshs'
² o;a; weiqfrka ÿr-ld, yd úia:dmk-ld, m%ia;dr f.dv kÕhs'
² WmlrK ksis f,i yiqrejñka ksjerÈ j mdGdxl ,nd .kshs'
² ksÍlaIK weiqfrka ks.ukj,g t<efò'
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weuqKqu 1'1'1weuqKqu 1'1'1weuqKqu 1'1'1weuqKqu 1'1'1weuqKqu 1'1'1
² iqÿiq ia:dkhl by; oelafjk wdldrfha ud¾. folla fmdf<dj u; igyka lrkak'
² iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jk isiqka fofofkl= le|jkak'
² tla tla isiqjdg ud,sudj ne.ska § tla isiqfjl=g Rcq ud¾.h Tiafia;a wfkla isiqjdg
jl% ud¾.h Tiafia;a A isg B olajd .uka lsÍug i,iajkak'
² ud,sud lgqfõ yeisÍu ms<sn| ksÍlaIKh lsÍug Tjqkg Wmfoia fokak'
² isiqka fofokd .uka l< ud¾.fha È. uekSug fjk;a isiqka fofofkl= fhduq lrjkak'
² úrdu >áldjla ne.ska § tla tla isiqjdg .; jk ld,h uekSug ;j;a isiqka fofofkl=
fhduq lrjkak'
² tla tla isiqjd f.jd .sh È. .; jQ ld,fhka fn§ug Wmfoia fokak'
² p,s;h isÿ l< isiqka fofokdg Tjqkaf.a ksÍlaIK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj fokak'
^fï l%shdldrlu i|yd ud,sud folla iy ñkqï máhla Ndú; lrkak' wjYH
úrdu >áld ld¾h mßY%j,ska ,nd .kak&
B A
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weuqKqu 1'1'2 weuqKqu 1'1'2 weuqKqu 1'1'2 weuqKqu 1'1'2 weuqKqu 1'1'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² taldldrj p,kh jk fg%d,shl p,s; iajNdjh fiúh yels my; i|yka wjia:d
y;frka tlla flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² fg%d,sh A isg B foig ksoyfia .uka lrùu
² fg%d,sh B isg A foig ksoyfia .uka lrùu
² ;ka;=fõ we§u wkqj fg%d,sh A isg B foig .uka lrùu
² ;ka;=fõ we§u wkqj fg%d,sh B isg A foig .uka lrùu
² wod< ld¾h mßY%h fj; f.dia Tn lKavdhug mejÍ we;s ld¾hh i|yd .e,fmk
rEm igyk f;dard f.k wegjqula ilia lrkak'
² ld¾hfhys ksr; ù wod< mdGdxl ,nd .kak'
² úia:dmkh uekSfï § A ks¾foaY ,laIfha isg mdGdxl ,nd .kak'
² ld,hg tÈßj ÿr m%ia;dr .kajkak'
² m%ia;drfhka ,nd .; yels rdYsh ;SrKh lrkak'
² ld,hg tÈßj úia:dmkh m%ia;dr .kajkak'
² m%ia;drfhka ,efnk f;dr;=re wkqj p,s; iajNdjh ;SrKh lrkak'
² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsßug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 1'1'3 weuqKqu 1'1'3 weuqKqu 1'1'3 weuqKqu 1'1'3 weuqKqu 1'1'3
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² tla tla ld¾h mßY%j, my; i|yka WmlrK yd øjH fïihla u; ;nkak'
² iqug frdao iys; fg%d,shla
² úrdu >áldjla
² m%ldY w,afmfk;a;la
² laf,a
² äuhs lvodishla iy meiag,a
² ;=kafjks iy y;rfjks ld¾hhka i|yd u;= i|yka WmlrK wu;r j ;nkak
² ieye,a¨ fkd wefok ;ka;=jla
² fïifha odrhg iú l< yels iqug lmamshla
² ;eáhla
² l=vd Ndrhla
² tla tla fïifha odrh u;=msg weuqKqu 1'1'2 ys rEmj, oelafjk mßÈ l%udxls; lvodis
má fif,dafÜma uÕska w,jd ;nkak'
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A 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 B
' '
A 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 B
' '
iqug frdao iys;fg%d,sh
fg%d,shbosrshg;,a¨ lrhjkak'
laf,a j,ska iú l< m%ldYw,afmfk;a;
l%udxls; lvodis máh
fïifha odrh
fïi odrh
laf,aj,ska iú l< m%ldYw,afmfk;a;
l%udxls; lvodis máh
lmamsh
l=vdNdrh
;eáh
iqug frdao iys;fg%d,sh
rEmh 1
rEmh 2
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ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( ( ( ( ( n,h iy ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d Ôú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ((((( fõ. ld, iy m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka hï jia;=jlafõ. ld, iy m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka hï jia;=jlafõ. ld, iy m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka hï jia;=jlafõ. ld, iy m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka hï jia;=jlafõ. ld, iy m%fõ. ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka hï jia;=jla
p,s; jQ whqre úuid n,hs'p,s; jQ whqre úuid n,hs'p,s; jQ whqre úuid n,hs'p,s; jQ whqre úuid n,hs'p,s; jQ whqre úuid n,hs'
l%shdldrlu 1'2l%shdldrlu 1'2l%shdldrlu 1'2l%shdldrlu 1'2l%shdldrlu 1'2 ((((( m%ia;dr weiqfrka jia;=jl isÿ jk p,s;h fidhuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 1'2'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 1'2'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'2'1 mshjr 1'2'1 mshjr 1'2'1 mshjr 1'2'1 mshjr 1'2'1 ((((( ² m<uq ld¾h mßY%fhys we;s wdk; ;,h Ndú; lr wdk;
;,h Èf.a my<g iy by<g rn¾ fnda,hl isÿ jk
p,s;h wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² mka;sfha ksÍlaIK úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² fnda,h wdk; ;,h osf.a my<g .uka lsrSfï § l%ufhka
fõ.h jeä jQ nj
² fnda,h wdk; ;,h Èf.a by<g .uka lsSrSfï § l%ufhka
fõ.h wvq jQ nj
² ld,h wkqj m%fõ.h jeä ùu ;ajrKhla o" ld,h wkqj
m%fõ.h wvq ùu ukaokhla o f,i ie<flk nj
² m%fõ.h fjkiaùfï YS>%;dj ;ajrKh f,i y÷kajk
nj
² m%fõ.h fjkiaùfï YS>%;dj RK w.hla .kshs kï
tuÕska ukaokhla fmkakqï lrk nj
² fõ.-ld, yd m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka jia;=jl
p,s;h ms<sn| f;dr;=re ks.ukh l< yels nj
^ñks;a;= 15hs&
mshjr 1'2'2mshjr 1'2'2mshjr 1'2'2mshjr 1'2'2mshjr 1'2'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
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mshjr 1'2'3mshjr 1'2'3mshjr 1'2'3mshjr 1'2'3mshjr 1'2'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² wdk; ;,h Èf.a my<g .uka lrk úg ksYaÑ;
ÿrla hdug .;jk ld,h l%ufhka wvq jQ nj
² ;sria ;,fha .uka lrk úg ksYaÑ; ÿrla hdug
.;jk ld,h fndfyda ÿrg iudk jk nj
² wdk; ;,h Èf.a by<g .uka lrk úg ksYaÑ; ÿrla
hdug .;jk ld,h l%ufhka jeä jQ nj
² fg%,sh hï ld, m%dka;rhl § isÿ l, úia:dmkh
tu ld,fhka fn§fuka tu ld, m%dka;rfha §
uOHl m%fõ.fha w.h ,efnk nj
² ld,hg tÈßj m%fõ.h m%ia;dr .; lrk nj
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drh wdk; ir, f¾Ldjla kï jia;=j
taldldr ;ajrKhlska fyda taldldr ukaokhlska fyda
.uka lr we;s nj
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh Ok kï jia;=j
;ajrKhlska .uka lr we;s nj
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh RK kï jia;=j
ukaokhlska .uka lr we;s nj
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh Y+kH kï jia;=j
taldldr m%fõ.hlska .uka lr we;s nj
² m%fõ. ld, m%ia;drfha wkql%uKh jia;=fõ ;ajrKhg
iudk jk nj
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drhl m%ia;drh;a" ld, wlaIh;a w;r
fijk jQ fldgfika jia;=fõ úia:dmkh ,efnk nj
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drhlska jia;=j .uka lrk ÈYdj
ks.ukh l< yels kuq;a fõ.-ld, m%ia;drhlska ÈYdj
ks.ukh l< fkdyels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
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;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=jla ms<sn| m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drhlska ,nd .; yels
f;dr;=re m%ldY lrhs'
² fõ.-ld, m%ia;drhla yd ii|k úg m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drhl we;s jeo.;alu w.h
lrhs'
² m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;dr weiqfrka f;dr;=re ,nd .kshs'
² § we;s Wmfoia ms<smÈñka wegjqï ilia lrhs'
² ixlS¾K f;dr;=re ir,j oelaùug m%ia;dr fhdod .kshs'
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weuqKqu 1'2'1weuqKqu 1'2'1weuqKqu 1'2'1weuqKqu 1'2'1weuqKqu 1'2'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² taldldrj p,kh jk fg%d,shl my; i|yka p,s; wjia:d ;=fkka tlla flfrys
Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² wdk; ;,hla Èf.a my<g p,kh ùu
² ;sria mDIaGhla Èf.a taldldr j p,kh ùu
² wdk; ;,hla Èf.a by<g p,kh ùu
² Tng wod< ld¾h mßY%h fj; f.dia WmlrK wgjd
f.k ld¾hfhys ksr; jkak'
² m<uq iy ;=kajk ld¾hh i|yd ,E,a, iy ,S m;=r Ndú; lr wdk; ;,h idod .kak'
² fojk ld¾hh i|yd ,E,a, ;sria fïihla u; ;nkak'
² Tfí ld¾hhg wkqj fg%d,sfha p,s;h i|yd wod< ñkqï ,nd .kak'
² ñkqï weiqfrka lKavdhu idlÉPd lr wjYH rdYSka .Kkh lrkak'
² ld,h X wlaIh Tiafia;a" m%fõ.h Y wlaIh Tiafia;a isák fia m%ia;drhla w¢kak'
² m%ia;drfhka ,nd .; yels f;dr;=re jd¾;d lr ta wkqj fg%d,sfha p,s;h ks.ukh
lrkak'
² p,kh jk jia;=j wdmiq yeÍ .uka lrkafka kï m%fõ.h RK w.hla .kshs'
úreoaO ÈYdjg p,kh jk jia;=jla i|yd Tng ,enqKq m%ia;drhg wkqrEm
m%ia;drhl o< igykla w¢kak'
² tla;rd ÈYdjlg yd ta whqßka u úreoaO ÈYdjg p,kh jk wjia:d fol u i|yd
fõ.-ld, m%ia;drj, o< igyka w¢kak'
² Tfí fidhd .ekSï iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
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weuqKqu 1'2'2weuqKqu 1'2'2weuqKqu 1'2'2weuqKqu 1'2'2weuqKqu 1'2'2
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² ld¾h mÍY% ;=kla i|yd u;= i|yka WmlrK yd øjH fïihla u; ;nkak' ld¾h
mßY% ieliSfï § tl fm<g ;enQ fvialaa ;=kla fyda fïihla fhdod .kak'
² iqug fg%d,shla
² È. iqug ,E,a,la
² o¾Yl l+rla yd laf,a lene,a,la
² úrdu>áldjla
² f¾Çh mßudKhla
² fif,dafÜma
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
² ,E,a, ieliSfï § wä yhla muK È. wÕ,a yhla muK m<, wÕ,la muK >klu
,E,a,la f;dard .kak'
² fojk iy f;jk ld¾hj, § fg%d,shg wdrïNl m%fõ.h ,nd §u i|yd ,E,af,a tla
fl<jrlg ,E,s lene,a,la ,ïnl j iú lrkak'
² m<uqjk iy ;=kajk ld¾hhka i|yd wu;r WmlrKhla jYfhka ,S m;=re lene,a,
ne.ska ;nkak'
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ksmqK;dj 1'0 ksmqK;dj 1'0 ksmqK;dj 1'0 ksmqK;dj 1'0 ksmqK;dj 1'0 ((((( n,h iy ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d Ôú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ((((( ir, f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=j, bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:khir, f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=j, bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:khir, f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=j, bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:khir, f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=j, bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:khir, f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=j, bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:kh
lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 1'3l%shdldrlu 1'3l%shdldrlu 1'3l%shdldrlu 1'3l%shdldrlu 1'3 ((((( p,s;hg wod< m%udKd;aul lreKq yodruq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² ir, f¾Çh p,s;h wdY%s; fN!;sl rdYSkaj, ixfla;
oelafjk mqjrejla
² weuqKqu 1'3'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a y;rla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'3'1 mshjr 1'3'1 mshjr 1'3'1 mshjr 1'3'1 mshjr 1'3'1 ((((( ² ir, f¾Åh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=jla wdY%s; rdYsj,
ixfla; u, v, t, a , s & m%o¾Ykh lr tu ixfla;j,ska
ksrEmKh jkafka ljrla oehs isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
² rdYs lsysmhl w.h okakdúg ta weiqfrka fkdokakd rdYsj,
w.h fidhd .; yels l%uhla úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² u, v, t , , iy s uÕska ms<sfj,ska ksrEmKh jkafka
wdrïNl m%fõ.h" wjika m%fõ.h" ld,h" ;ajrKh
iy úia:dmkh nj
² w.h okakd rdYs weiqfrka w.h fkdokakd rdYsj,
w.h fiúug rdYs w;r iïnkaO;d ,nd .ekSu Wmldr
jk nj
² f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=j, bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:kh
lsÍug tu iïnkaO;d m%fhdackj;a jk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 1'3'2mshjr 1'3'2mshjr 1'3'2mshjr 1'3'2mshjr 1'3'2 ( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK m;%sld" äuhs lvodis iymeiag,a lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
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mshjr 1'3'3mshjr 1'3'3mshjr 1'3'3mshjr 1'3'3mshjr 1'3'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï jd¾;d iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< whg u m<uq wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² u, v, iy t w;r iïnkaOh
iólrKfhka oelaúh yels nj
² s, u, t iy w;r iïnkaOh
iólrKfhka oelaúh yels nj
² v, u, iy s w;r iïnkaO
iólrKfhka oelaúh yels nj
² s, v, u iy t w;r iïnkaOh
iólrKfhka oelaúh yels nj
² f¾Çh p,s;h ms<sn| mqfrdal:khka lsÍu i|yd
m%udKd;aul lreKq fiùug p,s; iólrK fhdod
.; yels nj
² wjia:djg WÑ; iólrKh fhdod .ekSfuka úi÷u
myiqfjka ,nd .; yels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² f¾Çh p,s;h ms<sn| iólrK jHq;amkak lrhs'
² f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok jia;=jl bÈß wjia:d mqfrdal:kh lsÍug p,s; iólrKj,
we;s jeo.;alu w.h lrhs'
² f¾Çh p,s;fha m%udKd;aul w.hhka ,nd .eksug p,s; iólrK WÑ; wkaoñka
yiqrejhs'
² f;dr;=re weiqfrka iïnkaO;d f.dv kÕhs'
² jsjsO rdYSka w;r iïnkaO;d Ôú; wjia:dj,g fhdod .kshs'
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weuqKqu 1'3'1 weuqKqu 1'3'1 weuqKqu 1'3'1 weuqKqu 1'3'1 weuqKqu 1'3'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² taldldr j ir, f¾Çh p,s;fha fhfok u;= i|yka rdYSka w;r iïnkaO;dj,ska
tla iïnkaOhla ,nd .ekSu Tn lKavdhug mejf¾'
² u, v,
a iy t w;r iïnkaOh oelafjk p,s; iólrKhla v Wla;h jYfhka
isák mßÈ f.dv keÕSu
² s, u, t iy a
a
w;r iïnkaOh oelafjk p,s; iólrKhla s Wla;h jYfhka
isák mßÈ f.dv keÕSu
² v, u, a
a
iy s w;r iïnkaOh oelafjk p,s; iólrKhla v ys .=Kdldrh Wla;h
jYfhka isák mßÈ f.dv keÕSu
² s, v, u iy t w;r iïnkaOh oelafjk p,s; iólrKhla s Wla;h jYfhka
isák mßÈ f.dv keÕSu
² u wdrïNl m%fõ.hlska .uka wrUd taldldr
a
a ;ajrKhlska t ld,iSudjla ;=< s ÿrla
.uka lr v wjika m%fõ.hlg t<efUk jia;=jl p,s;h i|yd m%fõ.-ld, m%ia;drh
ks¾udKh lrkak'
² m%ia;drfhka ,nd .; yels f;dr;=re wdY%fhka Tn lKavdhug È we;s rdYs w;r
iïnkaO;dj oelafjk iñlrKhla f.dv kÕkak'
² Tnf.a .=re Nj;df.a iydfhka Tn f.dv keÕ+ iólrKfha ksrjoH;djh ;yjqre lr
.kak'
² my; § we;s .eg¨j,ska Tn f.dv kexjQ iólrKh Ndú; lr úi¢h yels .eg¨j,g
ms<s;=re ,nd .kak'
² .eg¨jg úi÷u ,nd .ekSu i|yd Tn fidhd .;a iólrK fhda.H jkafka ljr
fya;+ u; oehs ;SrKh lrkak'
² Tfí fidhd .ekSï iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
.eg¨
.=re;ajc ;ajrKh g = 10m s-2
1' fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 40m s-1 m%fõ.fhka isria j by<g m%lafIamKh l< jia;=jla
2s ld,hlg miq by< kÕsk Wi fldmuK o@ *2' 10m s-1 m%fõ.fhka .uka lrk h;=re meÈhla ;sßx. fh§fuka 3s ld, iSudjlg miq
tys m%fõ.h 5m s-1 f;la wvq úh' h;=re meÈfha ukaokh fldmuK o@
3' taldldr ;ajrKhlska .uka lrk fudag¾ r:hla tlsfklg 15m l ÿßka we;s ,laIH
folla w;r ÿr .uka lsÍug 5s ld,hla .kshs' fojk ,laIHh miq lrk úg tys
fõ.h 5m s-1 kï m<uq ,laIHh miq lrk úg tys fõ.h fldmuK o@
4' fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg 40m s-1 m%fõ.fhka isria j by<g m%lafIamkh l< jia;=jla
by< kÕsk Wmßu Wi fldmuK o@ *
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5' 180 m la Wi l=`MKl isg f.da,hla isßia j ìug w; yefrhs'
(i) p,s;fha isõ jk ;;amrfha § f.da,h jefgk ÿr fidhkak'
(ii) ;dmamhla u; isák <uhl= úiska my<g jefgk f.da,h fmd<fõ isg 55mWil § w,a,d .kq ,efnhs' <uhd f.da,h w,a,d .kakd úg .; ù we;s ld,h
fidhkak'
6. ;sria" f¾Çh ud¾.hl kj;d we;s fudag¾ r:hla 10m s-2 ;ajrKhlska .uka wrUhs'
^ud¾. >¾IKhla fkdue;s f,i i,lkak'&
(i) ;;amr 10 lg miq fudag¾ r:fha m%fõ.h fidhkak'
(ii) B <`. ñks;a;= 10 ;=< § fudag¾ r:h ksh; m%fõ.hlska .uka lf<a kï tu ñks;a;=
10 wjidkfha § fudag¾ r:fha m%Rfõ.h fld muK o@
(iii) bka miq .ufka wjika fldgi ñks;a;= 2la ;=< § .uka fldg jdykh
kj;k ,§' fudag¾ r:fha ukaokh fidhkak'
7 .=jfka k;r lr we;s fy,sfldmagrhlska ñksfila ìug mkshs' Tyq ksoyfia 45 mjegqKq miq merIqgh È. yef¾'
(i) merIqgh È. yefrk úg ñksidg ;snqKq m%fõ.h fidhkak'
(ii) merIqgh È. yeÍfuka miq t;eka isg 5m s-2 ukaokfhka my<g jeà Y=kH
m%fõ.fhka fmdf<djg <`.d úh'
(w) merIqgh È. yefrk úg ñksid isáfha fmdf<djg fld muK Wilska o@
(wd)fy,sfldmagrh kj;d ;snqfKa fmdf<dfõ isg fld muK Wilska o @
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ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ((((( n,h iy ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d ðú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4 ((((( tÈfkod ðú;fha § n,h fhdod .kakd wdldr p,s;htÈfkod ðú;fha § n,h fhdod .kakd wdldr p,s;htÈfkod ðú;fha § n,h fhdod .kakd wdldr p,s;htÈfkod ðú;fha § n,h fhdod .kakd wdldr p,s;htÈfkod ðú;fha § n,h fhdod .kakd wdldr p,s;h
ms<sn| ksõgka kshu weiqfrka úuid n,hs'ms<sn| ksõgka kshu weiqfrka úuid n,hs'ms<sn| ksõgka kshu weiqfrka úuid n,hs'ms<sn| ksõgka kshu weiqfrka úuid n,hs'ms<sn| ksõgka kshu weiqfrka úuid n,hs'
l%shdldrlu 1'4l%shdldrlu 1'4l%shdldrlu 1'4l%shdldrlu 1'4l%shdldrlu 1'4 ((((( n,hl n,mEu úuid n,uq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ( ( ( ( ² weuqKqu 1'4'1 g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 1'4'2 g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjr 1'4'1 mshjr 1'4'1 mshjr 1'4'1 mshjr 1'4'1 mshjr 1'4'1 ( ( ( ( ( ² fïih u; fnda,hla ksYap, j ;nd fnda,h p,s;
lrjkak'
² fïih u; fnda,hla p,s; ùug i,iajd tys fõ.h fjkia
lrkak'
² fïih u; fnda,hla p,s; ùug i,iajd tys p,s; ÈYdj
fjkia lrkak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² we§ula fyda ;,a¨jla fyda fh§u uÕska
² ksYap, j mj;sk jia;=jla p,s; l< yels nj
² p,s; fjñka mj;sk jia;=jl fõ.h fjkia l< yels
nj
² p,s; fjñka mj;sk jia;=jl p,s; ÈYdj fjkia l<
yels nj
² n,hl n,mEu by; isÿùï ;=kg u fya;= jQ nj
² n,hl n,mEu fln|q oehs fidhd ne,sh hq;= nj
ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 1'4'2mshjr 1'4'2mshjr 1'4'2mshjr 1'4'2mshjr 1'4'2 ((((( ² mx;sh lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,aa
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² ld¾h mjrd .fõIKhg lKavdhï fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug
iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a; 60 hs&
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mshjr 1'4'3mshjr 1'4'3mshjr 1'4'3mshjr 1'4'3mshjr 1'4'3 ((((( ² lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² bÈßm;a l< lKavdhïj,g u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² wfkla lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² n,h l%shd fkdlrk úg fg%,sh ksYap,;djfha we;s nj
² ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh u.ska fg%d,sh u; n,hla fhÿk nj
² ;ka;=fõ wd;;s n,h ksid fg%d,sfha p,s;h werUqk nj
² ialkaOh uqÿj u; r|k úg ;ka;=fõ wd;;sh ke;s ù hk
nj
² wd;;sh ke;s ù .sh miq fg%d,sfha m%fõ.h fkdfjkia
jk nj
² uqoqj u; ;snQ ialkaOh ;ka;=fõ weuqKqk úg p,kh jk
fg%d,sh u; úreoaO foig n,hla l%shd;aul jk nj
² fg%d,sh u; kej; n,hla fhfok úg m%fõ.h fjkia jQ
nj
² ´kEu jia;=jla ksYap,;djfha ;sfnk nj;a" tfia
ke;skï taldldr fõ.hlska ir, f¾Ldjla Èf.a .uka
lrk nj;a" tu ;;a;ajh fjkia l< yelafla ndysr n,hla
uÕska nj;a fï wkqj meyeÈ,s jk nj
² by; m%ldYh p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgka bÈßm;a l< m<uq jk
kshuh nj
ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgka f.a bÈßm;a l< m<uq jeks kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
² jia;+j, p,kh yd iïnkaO úúO wjia:d md,kh lsÍu i|yd n,h fhdod .; yels
nj ms<s.kshs'
² ir, WmlrK Ndú;fhka p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgka f.a m<uq kshuh wdo¾Ykh lrhs'
² fok ,o øjH yd WmlrK Ndú;fhka wjia:djg WÑ; wegjqï ilihs'
² mj;akd ;;a;ajhka yiqrejñka Ôú; wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'
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weuqKqu1'4'1weuqKqu1'4'1weuqKqu1'4'1weuqKqu1'4'1weuqKqu1'4'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² jia;=jl p,s;h ms<sn| j my; ud;Dld w;ßka tlla flfrys Tn lKavdhfï wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
² ksYap, j we;s jia;=jla p,kh l< yelss wdldr fidhd ne,Su'
² p,kh jk jia;=jla u; fhfok n,h bj;a l< úg isÿ jk foa fidhd ne,Su'
² p,kh jk jia;=jla u; úreoaO foig n,hla l%shd lsÍu ksid we;s jk m%;sM,h
fidhd ne,Su'
² ld¾h mßY%h fj; f.dia tys ;nd we;s øjH yd WmlrK y÷kd .kak'
² rEm igyka ;=k wOHhkfhka Tnf.a lKavdhug mejÍ we;s .fõIKh i|yd iqoqiqu
rEmh f;dard .kak'
² tu rEmhg wkqj WmlrK imhd f.k wegjqu ms<sfh, lrkak'
² n,h fh§ug fmr ;;a;ajh yd n,h fh§fuka miq we;s jQ ;;ajh ksÍlaIKh lr igyka
lrkak'
² Tnf.a wkdjrK tÈfkod Ôú;fha Ndú; jk wjia:d y÷kd .kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK wdl¾IKSh f,i mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 1'4'2weuqKqu 1'4'2weuqKqu 1'4'2weuqKqu 1'4'2weuqKqu 1'4'2
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
² my; oelafjk WmlrK yd øjH È. fïi ;=kla u; ;nd ldrah mrsY% ;=kla
ilia lrkak'
² lmams folla
² fg%d,shla
² ;ka;=
² lïì uqÿ folla
² uqÿfõ /`|úh yels ialkaO folla
² fïih u; we,úh yels lvodis mßudKhla
² wxl 1" 2" 3 j,ska y÷kajd we;s rEm we;=<;a m;%sldj
² ialkaO lïì uqÿ u; /£u fjkqjg ìu m;s; ùug jqj o ie,eiaúh yels h'
² rEmh 3 oelafjk wegjqu ilia lsrSfï § my; Wmfoia ms<smÈkak'
² fg%d,h fïifha A fl,jr ;nd p,s;h wdrïN lrkak'
² fg%d,sh fïifha ueog wdikak jk úg Q ialkaOh ol=Kq mi uqÿfõ /f|k fia th
ilia lrkak'
² fg%d,sh ;j;a ál ÿrla p,kh jQ miq P ialkaOh ;ka;=fõ t,af,k fia jïmi uqÿj
ilia lrkak'
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uqÿj
ueo isÿrlaiys; Ndrh
.egh
wdOdrlh
lmamsh
;ka;=j
'
uqÿj ueo isÿrlaiys; Ndrh
.egh wdOdrlh
lmamsh'
;ka;=j
fg%d,sh
fg%d,sh
.egh
wdOdrlh
lmamsh
;ka;=j
''
uqÿj ueo isÿrlaiys; Ndrh
lmamsh
.egh
fg%d,sh
ueo isÿrlaiys; Ndrh
wdOdrlh
P
Q
A B
rEmh 1
rEmh 2
rEmh 3
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ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ((((( n,h yd ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d ðú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5 ((((( ;AjrKh flfrys n,mdk idOl fiùug mÍlaIK;AjrKh flfrys n,mdk idOl fiùug mÍlaIK;AjrKh flfrys n,mdk idOl fiùug mÍlaIK;AjrKh flfrys n,mdk idOl fiùug mÍlaIK;AjrKh flfrys n,mdk idOl fiùug mÍlaIK
fufyhjhs' fufyhjhs' fufyhjhs' fufyhjhs' fufyhjhs'
l%shdldrlu 1'5l%shdldrlu 1'5l%shdldrlu 1'5l%shdldrlu 1'5l%shdldrlu 1'5 ((((( jia;=jla flfia ;ajrKh fõ oehs úuiuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 1'5'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla'
² weuqKqu 1'5'2 g we;=<;a fmdoq fïih ilia lsrSfï Wmfoia
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'5'1mshjr 1'5'1mshjr 1'5'1mshjr 1'5'1mshjr 1'5'1 ((((( ² fudag¾ r:hl fõ.h jeä lsÍu i|yd welai,f¾grh u;
mh ;eîu .ek isysm;a lrjkak'
² fudag¾ r:hl fõ.h wvq lsÍu i|yd íf¾la mev,h u; mh
;eîu isysm;a lrjkak'
² fuu wjia:d foflys § u we;s jk m%;sM,h yd thg fya;= jQ
idOl ms<sn| isiqka f.ka úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak
² welai,f¾grh u; hka;ñka mh ;nk úg wvq iS.%;djlska
o ;Èka mh ;nk úg jeä iS.%;djlska o fõ.h jeä ùu
isÿ jQ nj
² íf¾la mev,h u; hka;ñka mh ;nk úg wvq iS.%;djlska
o ;Èka mh ;nk úg jeä iS.%;djlska o fõ.h wvq ùu
isÿ jQ nj
² welai,f¾grh u; mh ;nk úg r:fha tkaðfuka
fhfok n,h jeä jk nj
² íf¾la mev,h u; mh ;nk úg frdaoj, N%uKhg úreoaO
n,hla we;s jk nj
² r:fha fõ.h fjkia ùfï iS.%;dj fyj;a ;ajrKh"
fhÿk n,h u; r|d mej;S we;s nj
² ;ajrKh r|d mj;sk fjk;a idOl o ;sfí oehs fidhd
ne,sh hq;= nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs &
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mshjr 1'5'2mshjr 1'5'2mshjr 1'5'2mshjr 1'5'2mshjr 1'5'2 ((((( ² mka;sh lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd .fõIKhg isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 1'5'3mshjr 1'5'3mshjr 1'5'3mshjr 1'5'3mshjr 1'5'3 ( ( ( ( ( ² lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² ialkaOh m, ;ajrKh " iy n,h F j,ska ksrEmKh
lrkq ,nk nj
² ialkaOh ksh; j ;nd n,h jeä lrk úg ;ajrKh jeä
jk nj
² α F nj
² n,h ksh;j ;nd ialkaOh jeä lrk úg ;ajrKh wvq
jk nj
² nj
² nj
² F α m nj
² F = km nj
² lsf,da.%Eï tll ialkaOhlg ;;a;amr2hg ógr tll
;ajrKhla ,nd Èh yels n,h ksõgka tlla f,i w¾:
oelafjk nj
² n,h uksk wka;¾cd;sl tallh ksõgkh jk nj iy
tys iïu; ixfla;h N nj
² F = km iólrKh Ndú; lsÍfï § m, kg j,ska o "
m s-2 j,ska o F , N j,ska o .;aúg k = 1 jk nj
² F = m nj
² fndfyda úg jia;=j, ialkaOh ksh;j mj;sk neúka
n,fha w.h u; thg ,efnk ;ajrKh fjkia jk nj
² n,h } ialkaOh x ;ajrKh" hk m%ldYkh p,s;h ms<sn|
ksõgka bÈßm;a l< fojk kshuh f,i oelaúh yels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
a
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;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² p,s;h ms<sn| j ksõgka bosrsm;a l< fojk kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
² n,h iy ialkaOh wkqj ;ajrKh fjkia jk nj ms<s.kshs'
² ;ajrKh fiùug mÍlaIK fufyhjhs'
² wkqf,dau" m%;sf,dau iïnkaO;d weiqfrka úp,Hhka ú.%y lrhs'
² f.dv ke.S we;s iïu;j,g wkqj lghq;= lrhs'
weuqKqu 1'5'1euqKqu 1'5'1euqKqu 1'5'1euqKqu 1'5'1euqKqu 1'5'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² my; i|yka ud;Dld foflka Tnf.a lKavdhug ,efnk ud;Dldj .ek wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
² n,h ksh; j we;s úg ialkaOh iu`. jia;=jl ;ajrKh fjkia ùu
² ialkaOh ksh; j we;s úg fhdok n,h iuÕ jia;=jl ;ajrKh fjkia ùu
² fmdÿ fïih u;ska Tn lKavdhug wjYH jk øjH yd WmlrK f;dard .kak'
² rEm igyk Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka Tnf.a ld¾hhg wod< wegjqu ilia lr .kak'
² wod< úp,H idOlh yiqrejñka ;ajrKh fiùu i|yd wjYH ñkqï ,nd .kak'
² wod< idOlh iy ;ajrKh w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj fidhd .ekSug W;aidy .kak'
² Tnf.a wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsßug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 1'5'2weuqKqu 1'5'2weuqKqu 1'5'2weuqKqu 1'5'2weuqKqu 1'5'2
fmdÿ fïih% ilia lsÍu i`oyd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih% ilia lsÍu i`oyd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih% ilia lsÍu i`oyd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih% ilia lsÍu i`oyd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih% ilia lsÍu i`oyd Wmfoia
² my; oelafjkøjH yd WmlrK ;nd fmdÿ fïihla ilia lrkak'
² fg%d,s folla
² fg%d,sh u; ;eîu i|yd nr lsysmhla
² ;=,d ;eáfha t,a,Su ^fldlafla& i`oyd mä lsysmhla
² lmam folla
² fïih u; we,ùug yels mßÈ ilia l< lvodis mßudK folla
² wegjqu ilia lr .ekSug Wmldr lr .; yels my; oelafjk rEm igyka folla
² úrdu >áld folla
' '
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ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( ( ( ( ( n,h iy ir, f¾Åh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d ðú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6 ((((( tÈfkod Ôú; wjYH;d idlaId;a lr .ekSug p,s;h ms<sn|tÈfkod Ôú; wjYH;d idlaId;a lr .ekSug p,s;h ms<sn|tÈfkod Ôú; wjYH;d idlaId;a lr .ekSug p,s;h ms<sn|tÈfkod Ôú; wjYH;d idlaId;a lr .ekSug p,s;h ms<sn|tÈfkod Ôú; wjYH;d idlaId;a lr .ekSug p,s;h ms<sn|
ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk kshuh fhdod .kshs'ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk kshuh fhdod .kshs'ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk kshuh fhdod .kshs'ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk kshuh fhdod .kshs'ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk kshuh fhdod .kshs'
l%shdldrlu 1'6l%shdldrlu 1'6l%shdldrlu 1'6l%shdldrlu 1'6l%shdldrlu 1'6 ((((( l%shdjla fhdouq m%;sl%shdj fidhd n,uq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 1'6'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i`|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla'
² weuqKqu 1'6'2g we;=<;a fmdoq fïih ilia lsÍfï Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla'
² weuqKqu 1'6'3g we;=<;a lshjSï m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a'
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjrmshjrmshjrmshjrmshjr 1'6'11'6'11'6'11'6'11'6'1 ((((( ² w;a, ñg fud,jd ì;a;shg fyda fjk;a ;o hulg fyda
myrla .ik úg iy Trejla mosk úg w;aolsk foa
ms<sn| j isiqka f.ka úuikak'
² fujeks l%shd - m%;sl%shd hq., fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh l< yels
wjia:d mka;shg bÈßm;a lrñka my; lreKq u;= jk fia
idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² w; uÕska ì;a;sh u; fhdok n,hg m%;súreoaOj ì;a;sh
uÕska w; u; n,hla we;s jQ nj
² yn, u`.ska c,h u; msgq mig n,h fhdok jsg c,h
u`.ska yn, ^Trej& u; bosrshg n,hla we;s jQ nj
² wjia:d foflys oS u l%shdj tla jia;=jla u; fhfok
úg m%;sl%shdj wkslajia;=j u; we;s jk nj
² l%shdj iy m%;sl%shdj w;r iïnkaOh fln÷ oehs fidhd
ne,Su jeo.;a jk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 1'6'2mshjr 1'6'2mshjr 1'6'2mshjr 1'6'2mshjr 1'6'2 ((((( ² mka;sh lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² lKavdhï .fõIK Wmfoia" lshùï øjH" äuhs lvodis yd
meiag,a ,nd fokak'
² lKavdhï .fõIKhg isiqka fhduq lrkak'
² lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
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mshjr 1'6'3mshjr 1'6'3mshjr 1'6'3mshjr 1'6'3mshjr 1'6'3 ((((( ² lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² yqud, fndaÜgqj l%shd;aul ùfï § yqud,h u; l%shdj
fhfok úg áka tl u; m%;sl%shdj we;s jk nj
² áka tl u; we;sjk m%;sl%shdj uÕska fndaÜgqj bÈßhg
hk nj
² tla fg%d,shla u; isák <uhd wksla fg%d,sh u; isák
isiqjd fj; l%shdjla fhdok úg fojekakd uÕska
m<uqjekakd u; m%;sl%shdj fhfok nj
² l%shdj tla jia;=jla u; fhfok úg m%;sl%shdj wksla
jia;=j u; fhfok nj
² l%shdfõ;a m%;sl%shdfõ;a ÈYd m%;súreoaO j msysgk nj
² l%shdfõ;a m%;sl%shdfõ;a úYd,;ajh iudk nj
² iajNdjfha § iEu úgl § u l%shd - m%;sl%shd hq.,a f,i
msysgk nj
² iuyr wjia:dj, § wmf.a wjYH;dj bgq lr .kafka
l%shdfjka nj
² iuyr wjia:dj, § wmf.a wjYH;dj bgq lr .kafka
m%;sl%shdfjka nj
² iEu l%shdjlg u úYd,;ajfhka iudk ÈYdfjka
m%;súreoaO m%;sl%shdjla we;s jk nj iy tajd jia;=
hq.,h u; l%shd;aul jk nj
² by; m%ldYh p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk
kshuh f,i ie,flk nj
^ñks;a;= 45hs &
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² p,s;h ms<sn| ksõgka bÈßm;a l< ;=kajk kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
² n,hla fhdok iEu wjia:djl § u m%;súreoaO j n,hla we;s jk nj ms<s.kshs'
² Ôú; wjYH;d i|yd l%shd-m%;sl%shd m%fhdackhg .kshs'
² l%shdldrlï weiqfrka ks.ukj,g t<efò'
² úfõlh w¾:j;aj .;lsÍug Wml%u ilia lr .kshs'
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weuqKqu 1'6'1 weuqKqu 1'6'1 weuqKqu 1'6'1 weuqKqu 1'6'1 weuqKqu 1'6'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² jia;=jla u; fhdok l%shdj iy we;sjk m%;sl%shdj ms,sn|j fidhd ne,Su i|yd u;=
oelafjk wjia:djkaf.ka tlla flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² yqud, fndaÜgqjla p,kh ùSu
² fg%d,s folla u; ke`. isák isiqka fofofkl= tlsfkld ;,a¨ lr .ekSu'
² fmdÿ fïih fj; f.dia tys ;nd we;s WmlrK y÷kd .kak'
² Tng wod< WmlrK f;dard f.k ls%hd iy m%;slss%hd we;sjk wjia:d y÷kd .kak'
² Tnf.a wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 1'6'2weuqKqu 1'6'2weuqKqu 1'6'2weuqKqu 1'6'2weuqKqu 1'6'2
fmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² my; oelafjk WmlrK ;nd fmdÿ fïih ilia lrkak'
² yqud, fndaÜgqjla iy c, Ndckhla
² tla <uhl=g keÕ isáh yels fg%d,s folla
weuqKqu 1'6'3weuqKqu 1'6'3weuqKqu 1'6'3weuqKqu 1'6'3weuqKqu 1'6'3
c, frdlgh
Tnf.a úoHd,fha wOHdmksl m%o¾Ykhl § fyda l%Svd ;r. wjia:djl § fyda krUkakka
uú;hg m;a l< yels ir, l%shdldrlula isÿ lrk whqre my; olajd we;' fuu l%shdldrlu
u`.ska p,s;h ms<sn`| j ksõgka bÈßm;a l< f;jk kshuh wdo¾Ykh l< yelsh'
wjYH øjH (wjYH øjH (wjYH øjH (wjYH øjH (wjYH øjH ( nhsisl,a fmdïmhla iy lfklagrhla" mdmkaÿjlg jd;h we;=M lsÍu i`|yd
fhdod .kakd wevmagrhla" ma,diaála fnda;,hla" ;=kS ,E,s lene,a,la" ma,diaála øjH
we,úh yels ue,shï j¾.hla" fnda;,hg iú l< yels lsr, wenhla iy wenh isÿre lsÍu
i`|yd lgqjla'
rEmj,ska u;= olajd we;s mßÈ wegjqu ilia lr .kak bka miq j fnda;,fha y;ßka tlla
muK c,h mqrjd wjidk rEmfha olajd we;s mßÈ l%shd;aul lr ùug iQodkï lrkak'
fuh l%shd;aul lsÍfï § by<ska úÿ,s /yeka fyda wjg f.dvke.s,sj,ska fyda f;dr újD;
fmfoilg f.k hd hq;=h'
oeka Tnf.a wdrlaIdj ie,fik ;rï ÿr m%udKhla ;nd f.k fmdïmfhka fnda;,hg
jd;h we;=`M lrkak' fnda;,h ;=< mSvkh by< ke.Sfï § tla jr u lsr, wenh .e,ù
fõ.fhka fnda;,h by<g .uka lrkq oelsh yels fjhs'
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c, frdlgh ilia lsÍu
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ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( ( ( ( ( n,h iy ir, f¾Åh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d" Ôú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7 ((((( >¾IKh wjYH mßÈ fhdod .ksñka tÈfkod ðú; lghq;=>¾IKh wjYH mßÈ fhdod .ksñka tÈfkod ðú; lghq;=>¾IKh wjYH mßÈ fhdod .ksñka tÈfkod ðú; lghq;=>¾IKh wjYH mßÈ fhdod .ksñka tÈfkod ðú; lghq;=>¾IKh wjYH mßÈ fhdod .ksñka tÈfkod ðú; lghq;=
yiqrejhs'yiqrejhs'yiqrejhs'yiqrejhs'yiqrejhs'
l%shdldrlu 1'7l%shdldrlu 1'7l%shdldrlu 1'7l%shdldrlu 1'7l%shdldrlu 1'7 ((((( p,khg we;s ndOlh M,odhs f,i yiqrejuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu1'7'1g we;=<;a úYd, lrk ,o mska;+r folla
² weuqKqu 1'7'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 1'7'3g we;=<;a o%jH yd WmlrK iys; fmdoq
fïih
² weuqKqu 1'7'4g we;=<;a rEm igyka iys; m;%sld ;=kla
² weuqKqu 1'7'5 g we;=,;a rEm igyka iys; m;%sld ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'7'1mshjr 1'7'1mshjr 1'7'1mshjr 1'7'1mshjr 1'7'1 ((((( ² weuqKqu 1'7'1g wod< mska;+r mka;s ldurh bÈßfha
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² tu mska;+r mokï lr.ksñka my; oelafjk lreKq u;=
lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² ",siaik .fya keÕSu" ;r.fha § ,siaid hEu j<lajd
.; hq;= nj
² lerï l%Svdfõ § ,siaid hEu jeä lr .; hq;= nj
² n,hla fh§u fya;=fjka iam¾Y j mj;sk jia;= folla
w;r ,siaid hEula isÿ úh yels nj
² tÈfkod ðú;fha § yuqjk iuyr lghq;=j, § ,siaid
hdu m%fhdackj;a jk nj
² iuyr wjia:dj, § ,siaid heu j<lajd .ekSu
m%fhdackj;a nj
² ,siaid hEu je<elaùug iam¾Y mDIaG uÕska Bg
m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg n,hla fhfok nj
² mDIaG w;r yg.kakd n,h md,kh lsÍug ta i|yd
n,mdk idOl y÷kd .; hq;= nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 1'7'2mshjr 1'7'2mshjr 1'7'2mshjr 1'7'2mshjr 1'7'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 1'7'3mshjr 1'7'3mshjr 1'7'3mshjr 1'7'3mshjr 1'7'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï jd¾;d iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² mDIaGhla u; jia;=jla ;enQ úg wfkHdkH iy
wNs,ïN f,i f;rmqï n, we;s jk nj
² wNs,ïN f;rmqï n,h ;nk ,o jia;=fõ nr u;
r|d mj;sk nj
² jia;=jla mDIaGhla Tiafia p,kh lsÍu i|yd ndysr n,hla
fh§fï §" p,kh je<elaùu i|yd mDIaGh u`.ska
m%;súreoaO n,hla l%shd lrk nj
² ndysr n,h jeä lrk úg m%;súreoaO n,h o l%ufhka
jeä jk nj
² mDIaG folla iam¾Y ù mj;sk úg tajd w;r idfmalaI
p,s;hla fyda idfmalaI p,s;hla i|yd fm<Uúula
we;s jqjfyd;a th je<elaùug iam¾Y mDIaG uÕska we;s
lrkq ,nk m%;sl%shdj >¾IKh kñka ye¢kafjk nj
² jia;=jla mDIaGhla u; ,siaidhEu je<elaùfï § p,s;
ÈYdjg úreoaOj l%shd lrk n,h >¾IK n,h f,i
ye¢kafjk nj
² ,siaid hEu fyj;a p,s;h wdrïN jk fudfydf;a Wmßu
>¾IK n,hla fh§ we;s w;r th mDIaG fol w;r
iSudldÍ >¾IK n,h f,i ye¢kafjk nj
² iSudldÍ >¾IK n,h flfrys my; idOl n,mdk nj
² iam¾Y mDIGj, iajNdjh r`M$iqug&
² mDIaG fol w;r wNs,ïN f;rmqï n,h
² iam¾Y mDIaG w;r j¾.M,h >¾IK n,h flfrys
n,mEula w;s fkdlrk nj
² >¾IK n,h jeäùu fya;=fjka Yla;sh wmf;a hk nj
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² iam¾Y mDIaG w;r >¾IKh ksid hka;%j, fldgia f.ù
hdu yd ;dmh ckkh ùu isÿ jk nj
² iam¾Y mDIaG w;rg ,sysiais øjH fh§fuka yd ,siaidhEu
myiq lrk Wml%u fh§fuka >¾IKh wvq lr .; yels
nj kso(-fnda, iy frda,¾ fnhdßx fh§u&
² weú§u iy r: jdyk Odjkfha § ud¾.fha >¾IK n,h
m%fhdackj;a jk nj
² f;;a iys; ,siaik ud¾.j, § ghrfha lÜg rgd >¾IK
n,h jeä lr .ekSug WmldÍ jk nj
² iam¾Y mDIaG r`M lsÍfuka >¾IK n,h jeä lr.;
yels nj
² tÈfkod ðú;fha § jev myiq lr .ekSu i|yd >¾IK
n,h md,kh lr.; hq;= nj
^ñks;a;= 45hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² >¾IK n,h flrys n,mE yels idOl kï lrhs'
² jev myiq lr .ekSu i|yd >¾IK n,h md,kh lr.; hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'
² >¾IK n,h wvq fyda jeä lr .ekSu i|yd úúO Wml%u w;ayod n,hs'
² lKavdhï ;=< w;aoelSï yqjudre lr.ksñka iduQyslj lghq;= lrhs'
² tosfkod l%shdldrlïj,§ n,mdk ndysr idOl iqÿiq mßÈ yiqrejhs'
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weuqKqu 1'7'1weuqKqu 1'7'1weuqKqu 1'7'1weuqKqu 1'7'1weuqKqu 1'7'1
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weuqKqu 1'7'2euqKqu 1'7'2euqKqu 1'7'2euqKqu 1'7'2euqKqu 1'7'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² mDIaG w;r >¾IK n,h flfrys n,mEula we;s l< yels hhs is;k idOl ms<sn|
.fõIKh i|yd u;= i|yka ld¾hhkaj,ska tlla bgq lsrSu Tn lKavdhug mejf¾'
² >¾IK n,h flrys iam¾Y mDIaGj, iajNdjfha n,mEu fiùu
² >¾IK n,h flrys iam¾Y mDIaG u; l%shd lrk wNs,ïN f;rmqï n,fha n,mEu
fiùu
² >¾IK n,h flfrys iam¾Y mDIaG w;r j¾.M,fha n,meu fiùu
² ie,iqu oelafjk m;%sldj ksÍlaIKh lr Tng mejÍ we;s ld¾hh f;areï .kak'
² fmdÿ fïih u; ;nd we;s WmlrK w;ßka Tn lKavdhug wod< WmlrK f;dard
.kak'
² wegjqu l%shd;aul lr ,S l=Üáh ,siaid hdu wdrïN jk fudfydf;a n,h uek.kak'
² ,nd .;a o;a; weiqfrka ,S l=Üáh mDIaGh Èf.a hï;ï p,kh ùug wjYH n,h
flfrys Tfí ld¾hhg wh;a idOlh n,mdkafka flfia oe hs ks.ukh lrkak'
² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 1'7'3weuqKqu 1'7'3weuqKqu 1'7'3weuqKqu 1'7'3weuqKqu 1'7'3
fmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
² my; i|yka øjH ;nd fmdÿ fïihla ilia lrkak'
² weuqKqu 1'7'4g we;=<;a rEm igyfka úYd, lrk ,o m;%sld ;=kla
² weuqKqu 1'7'5g wkqj ilia l< 50 cm muK os. 8 cm muK m<, u;=msg tla
me;,s mDIaGhla muKla fyd|ska iqug lrk ,o ,E,s len,s ;=kla
² weuqKqu 1'7'5g wkqj ilia lr .;a tla me;a;l ;=kS rn¾ mg,hla w,jd wfkla
ish¨ u mDIaG fyd¢ka uÈk ,o ,S l=Üá ;=kla
² ,E,af,a fl<jrlg iïnkaO l< yels l=vd lmams ;=kla
² úúO nr we;s ldis wjYH m%udKhla
² ;rdÈ ;eáhla fia ilia lr .ekSug iqÿiq ieye,a¨ ma,diaála mshka ;=kla
² f;o~q ;=,djla
² 500 g ;rdÈ mä lsysmhla
² l=vd khsf,daka kQ,a wjYH m%udKhla
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weuqKqu 1'7'4weuqKqu 1'7'4weuqKqu 1'7'4weuqKqu 1'7'4weuqKqu 1'7'4
weuqKqu 1'7'5weuqKqu 1'7'5weuqKqu 1'7'5weuqKqu 1'7'5weuqKqu 1'7'5
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160
ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( ( ( ( ( n,h yd ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d Ôú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'8ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'8ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'8ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'8ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'8 ((((( tal;, n,j, l%shdldß;ajh hgf;a úúO jia;= iu;=,s; jtal;, n,j, l%shdldß;ajh hgf;a úúO jia;= iu;=,s; jtal;, n,j, l%shdldß;ajh hgf;a úúO jia;= iu;=,s; jtal;, n,j, l%shdldß;ajh hgf;a úúO jia;= iu;=,s; jtal;, n,j, l%shdldß;ajh hgf;a úúO jia;= iu;=,s; j
mj;sk wdldr úuid n,hs'mj;sk wdldr úuid n,hs'mj;sk wdldr úuid n,hs'mj;sk wdldr úuid n,hs'mj;sk wdldr úuid n,hs'
l%shdldrlu 1'8l%shdldrlu 1'8l%shdldrlu 1'8l%shdldrlu 1'8l%shdldrlu 1'8 ((((( tal;, n, iu;=,s; jkafka fl fia oe hs úuiuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² ógrhla muK È. kQ,a lene,a,la .eg .ik ,o yhsv%cka
jdhqj msrjQ ne¨khla
² iudk mßudjla jd;h msrjQ ógrhla muK È. kQ,a lene,a,la
.eg .ik ,o ne¨khla
² weuqKqu 1'8'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIK i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 1'8'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia mßÈ ilia l< fmdoq
fïih
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'8'1mshjr 1'8'1mshjr 1'8'1mshjr 1'8'1mshjr 1'8'1 ((((( ² isiqka fofofkl= mka;sh bÈßhg le|jkak'
² yhsv%cka jdhqj msrjQ ne¨kh tla isiqfjl=f.a w;g;a
jd;h msrjQ ne¨kh wfkla isiqjdf.a w;g;a fokak'
² kQf,a fl<jr tla w;lska w,a,d f.k isáh § ne¨k
folu fofokdg tlajru w;yeÍug Wmfoia fokak'
² ksÍlaIK mokï lr.ksñka my; wjia:d u;=jk fia
idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² jd;h msr jQ neÆkh ksYap,j ;nd .ekSu i|yd by<g
n,hla fhÈh hq;= jq nj
² yhsv%cka msr jq neÆkh ksYap,j ;nd .ekSu i|yd my<g
n,hla fhÈh hq;= jQ nj
² neÆkh u; l%shd lrk n, fol iudk yd m%;súreoaO jQ
úg ne¨kh ksYap,j mj;sk nj
² n, fol wiudk jk úg jvd jeä n,fha ÈYdjg jia;=j
p,kh jk nj
² lsishï jia;=jla u; tl u ,laIHl § fhfok n,
folla úYd,;ajfhka iudkj ÈYdfjka m%;súreoaO
jk jsg jia;=j iu;=,s;j mj;sk nj
² lsishï jia;=jla u; n, follg jvd jeä .Kkla
fh§fuka o jia;=j iu;=,s;j mj;ajd .; yels nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 1'8'2mshjr 1'8'2mshjr 1'8'2mshjr 1'8'2mshjr 1'8'2 ( ( ( ( ( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 1'8'3mshjr 1'8'3mshjr 1'8'3mshjr 1'8'3mshjr 1'8'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq wjia:dj
,nd fokak'
² wfkl=;a lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² n, folla iu;=,s;j mj;sk wjia:djl § tu n,"
² úYd,;ajfhka tlsfkl iudk jk nj
² ÈYdfjka tlsfklg m%;súreoaO jk nj
² n,hkaf.a l%shd f¾Ldjka tlu ir, f¾Ldjl msysgk
nj
² n, folla iu;=,s; j ;nd .ksñka ðú; wjYH;d imqrd
.ekSug yels wjia:djka ;sfnk nj
² kq,lska" oïje,lska jeks fohlska jia;=jla t,a,d
;nd .ekSu
² mDIaGhla u; jia;=jla iu;=,s;j ;nd .ekSu
² ,laIhla flfrys n,mdk n, ;=kla iu;=,s; j mj;sk
wjia:dj, §"
² tu n, ;=k úYd,;ajfhka iudk jk wjia:d we;s
nj
² tu n, ;=k úYd,;ajfhka wiudk jk wjia:d we;s
nj
² n, ;=fkys l%shd f¾Ldjka wdmiq Èla l< úg" tlu
,laIHhloS yuqjk nj
² Ôú; wjYH;d imqrd .ekSfï § tal ,laIHh n, ;=kl
iu;=,s;;djh i|yd ksoiqka f,i my; wjia:d fhdod
.; yels nj
² lïìhl fofl<jrg iïnkaO lr we;s u,a fmdaÉÑhla
ksjil jy,fha t,a,d we;s wjia:dj
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© 2
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- Sr
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162
² kQ,lska t,a,d we;s PdhdrEmhla
² iudka;r j yd m%;súreoaO j l%shd;aul jk n, ;=kla
iu;=,s; j mj;sk wjia:dj, §"
² tla ÈYdjlg l%shd lrk iudka;r n, foll
úYd,;ajfha tl;=j m%;súreoaO ÈYdjg l%shd lrk
n,fha úYd,;ajhg iudk jk nj
² n, ;=fkys l%shd f¾Ld tlsfklg iudka;r j msysgk
nj
² Ôú; wjYH;d imqrd .ekSfï § iudka;r j yd m%;súreoaO
j l%shd lrk n, ;=kla iu;=,s;j mj;sk wjia:djka
i|yd my; ksoiqka f,i bosrsm;a l< yels nj
² m%;s§ma; mykla oïje,a follska t,a,d ;nd .ekSu
² lKq folla u; ;sria j ;nd we;s oKavla ;nd .ekSu
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² ;,hla u; n, iu;=,s; j mej;sh yels wdldr kï lr jsia;r lrhs'
² jia;=jla ksYap,j mej;Sfï § n, iu;=,s;j mj;sk nj ms<s.kshs'
² n, ix;=,kh jk wdldr wdoraYkh lrhs'
² n, iu;=,s; lrñka jia;+ka ksYap,j ;nhs'
² ixlS¾K woyia meyeÈ,sj ixksfõokhg cHdñ;sl rEm igyka fhdod .kshs'
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weuqKqu 1'8'1weuqKqu 1'8'1weuqKqu 1'8'1weuqKqu 1'8'1weuqKqu 1'8'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² tl u ;,hl mj;sk n, ;=kla hgf;a jia;=jla iu;=,s; j mej;Su iïnkaOfhka
Tng mejÍ we;s my; wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² iudka;r fkd jk ^wdk;& n, ;=kla hgf;a ldâfndaâ ;yvqj ;sria mqjrej u;
iu;=,s;j ;nd .ekSu
² iudka;r n, ;=kla hgf;a óg¾ fldaÿj ;sria mqjrej u; iu;=,s; j ;nd .ekSu
² fmdÿ fïifha ;nd we;s øjH yd WmlrK ksÍlaIKh lr Tng mejÍ we;s wjia:dj
ksrEmkhg wod< øjH yd WmlrK f;dard .kak'
² wod< jia;=j iu;=,s; j ;eîug wjYH jk n, fh§u i|yd ÿkq ;rdÈ Ndú; lrkak'
² n,hkaf.a l%shd f¾Ldjka we| tajd Èla l< úg ,efnk m%;sM, fln÷ fõ oe hs mÍlaId
lrkak'
² n,hkays úYd,;aj w;r iïnkaO;djhla mj;S oe hs fidhd n,kak'
² n,hkays úYd,;aj fjkia lrñka ;j;a wjia:d foll § wod< ksÍlaIK ,nd .kak'
² ,nd .;a f;dr;=re rEm igyka uÕska ksrEmKh lrkak'
² n, iu;=,s;;d j ms<sn| jQ Tnf.a wkdjrK meyeos,s lsrSug mrsirfhka ksoiqka
u;=lrkak'
² Tfí wkdjrK wdl¾YKSh f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
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weuqKqu 1'8'2weuqKqu 1'8'2weuqKqu 1'8'2weuqKqu 1'8'2weuqKqu 1'8'2
fmdoq fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdoq fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdoq fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdoq fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdoq fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² fmdÿ fïihla u; my; i|yka øjH yd WmlrK ;nkak'
² iudk ÿkq ;rdÈ fyda ksõgka ;rdÈ yhla$rn¾ má yhla yd ÿkq ;rdÈ
folla wkqfhda.S WmlrK jYfhka
² iqÿ lvodishla we,jQ mqjre folla
² óg¾ Nd.fha rE,la fyda taldldr nghlaa
² ldâfndaâ ;yvqjla
² rE,a folla iy mekai,a folla
² f;,a.dr kQ,a
a
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ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( ( ( ( ( n,h yd ir, f¾Çh p,s;hg wod< iïnkaO;d Ôú;
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSug fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'9ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'9ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'9ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'9ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'9 ((((( n,hl N%uK wdprKh fjkia lsÍug mÍlaIK fufyhjhs'n,hl N%uK wdprKh fjkia lsÍug mÍlaIK fufyhjhs'n,hl N%uK wdprKh fjkia lsÍug mÍlaIK fufyhjhs'n,hl N%uK wdprKh fjkia lsÍug mÍlaIK fufyhjhs'n,hl N%uK wdprKh fjkia lsÍug mÍlaIK fufyhjhs'
l%shdldrlu 1'9l%shdldrlu 1'9l%shdldrlu 1'9l%shdldrlu 1'9l%shdldrlu 1'9 ((((( jia;=jla myiqfjka N%uKh lruq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 1'9'1g we;=<;a msúiSfï mshjrg
wod< rEm igyka
² weuqKqu 1'9'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 1'9'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 1'9'1mshjr 1'9'1mshjr 1'9'1mshjr 1'9'1mshjr 1'9'1 ((((( ² uqßÉÑh N%uKh lrk wdldrh olajk rEm igyka fol
mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
² rEm igyka fol w;r we;s fjkialï ms<sn| j úuikak'
² tfia fjkialï isÿ lrk wjia:d oel we;s oe hs úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² fndfyda uqßÉÑ weK fnda;,a uQä jdudj¾; j
lerleùfuka .e,úh yels nj
² N%uK wlaIh fyj;a uqßÉÑ weKfha uOH ,laIfha isg
yels;dla ÿßka n,h fh§fuka wvq n,hlska jia;=j
N%uKh l< yels nj
² N%uK wlaIfha isg n,fha l%shd f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïnl
ÿr wvq jk úg N%uKh i|yd jeä n,hla fhÈh hq;= nj
² jia;=jl N%uK wdprKh meyeos,s lsrSu i|yd n,>q¾Kh
kï rdYsh fhdod .kakd nj
² N%uKh we;s lsÍu i|yd fhdok n,fha w.h;a N%uK
wlaIfha isg n,fha l%shd f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïnl ÿr;a hk
idOl fol ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 1'9'2mshjr 1'9'2mshjr 1'9'2mshjr 1'9'2mshjr 1'9'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia " äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
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² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 1'9'3mshjr 1'9'3mshjr 1'9'3mshjr 1'9'3mshjr 1'9'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² wj,ïNs; ,E,a, iy nhsisl,a ye`v,h hka;ñka N%uKh
lsÍu jvd myiq jkafka N%uK ,laIfha isg n,h fhdok
,laIhg we;s ÿr;a n,fha w.h;a jeä jk úg nj
² n, >Q¾Kh fyj;a n,hl N%uK wdprKh i|yd N%uK
wlaIfha isg n,fha l%shd f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïn ÿr yd fhdok
n,fha w.h n,mdk nj
² my; oelafjk f,i n,>Q¾Kh ,nd .; yels nj
n, >Q¾Kh } n,h × új¾;k ,CIHfha isg n,fha l%shd
f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïn ÿr
W n,fha új¾;k ,laIh jgd >Q¾Kh } Wd² n, >Q¾Kh uksk tallh N m jk nj
² jia;=jl N%uK wlaIfha isg fomig iudk ÿßka iudk
yd iudka;rj fhdok n, hq.,la n, hq.auhla f,i
ye¢kafjk nj
² n, hq.auhla u`.ska jia;= myiqfjka N%uKh l< yels
nj
² n, hq.auhla uÕska ksh; N%uK wdpdrKhla we;s l<
yels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² n,>Q¾Kh hkak WodyrK iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² n,>Q¾Kh tÈfkod lghq;= i|yd m%fhdackj;a j fhdod .; yels nj ms<s.kshs'
² n,>Q¾Kh i|yd wjYH ñkqï ksjerÈ j ,nd .kS'
² lKavdhï ;=< § iduqysl yeÕSfuka lghq;= lrhs'
² tosfkod Ôú; wjYH;d imqrd .ekSfï § iqÿiq Wml%u fhdod .kshs'
W
n,fha l%shdf¾Ldj
új¾;k,CIHhd
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weuqKqu 1'9'1 weuqKqu 1'9'1 weuqKqu 1'9'1 weuqKqu 1'9'1 weuqKqu 1'9'1
weuqKqu 1'9'2weuqKqu 1'9'2weuqKqu 1'9'2weuqKqu 1'9'2weuqKqu 1'9'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² u;= i|yka wjia:d foflka Tn lKavdhug mejfrk ld¾hh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'
² wj,ïì; ,E,a,la hï;ñka N%uKh lsÍug wjYH idOl fiùu
² nhsisl,a ye~,h hï;ï N%uKh lsßug wjYH idOl fiùu
² Tng wod< ld¾h mßY%h fj; f.dia tys we;s WmlrK fhdod f.k Tn wod< wegjqu
ilia lr .kak'
² ,E,a,$nhsisl,a ye~,h hka;ñka N%uKh lsrSu i|yd wjYH wju n,fha w.h;a"
N%uK wlaIfha isg n,fha l%shd f¾Ldjg we;s ,ïnl ÿr;a i|yd ñkqï ,nd .kak'
² tu rdYSka fol w;r iïnkaO;djla ;sfí oehs úuiSu i|yd lKavdhu ;=, idlÉPdjla
f.dv k`.kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
hlv ngh
h;=r
uqᐥ weKh uqᐥ weKh
h;=r
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weuqKqu 1'9'3weuqKqu 1'9'3weuqKqu 1'9'3weuqKqu 1'9'3weuqKqu 1'9'3
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug wjYH øjH yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug wjYH øjH yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug wjYH øjH yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug wjYH øjH yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug wjYH øjH yd Wmfoia
² 1 ld¾h mßY%h
² wÕ,a 1la >klñka hq;a 60 cm × 12 cm muK jk nr ,E,a,la
² f,day fldl= 5la
² ñáhla
² 3" muK weKhla
² 5N muK mrdihla we;s ÿkq ;rdÈhla yd
>klï kQ,la
² óg¾ fldaÿjla
² 2 ld¾h mßY%h
² óg¾ fldaÿjla
² >klï kQ,a
² nhsisl,hla
² ÿkq ;rdÈ 2 la 5N muK mrdihla we;s&
² óg¾ fldaÿfõ 50 cm i,l=K nhsisl,a ye~,fha
ueog tk f,i ;nd kq,aj,ska n¢kak'
kQ,anhsisl,a yev,h
óg¾ fldaÿj
isÿr
,E,a,fldl=
60 cm
12 cm
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ksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;dj 2'02'02'02'02'0 ( ( ( ( ( ;r, uÕska jia;= u; we;s lrk f;rmqu ms<sn| j
fidhd n,hs'
ksmqKksmqKksmqKksmqKksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1;d uÜgu 2'1;d uÜgu 2'1;d uÜgu 2'1;d uÜgu 2'1 ((((( >k" øj iy jdhq uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh ffoksl lghq;=>k" øj iy jdhq uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh ffoksl lghq;=>k" øj iy jdhq uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh ffoksl lghq;=>k" øj iy jdhq uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh ffoksl lghq;=>k" øj iy jdhq uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh ffoksl lghq;=
i|yd Ndú;hg .kshs'i|yd Ndú;hg .kshs'i|yd Ndú;hg .kshs'i|yd Ndú;hg .kshs'i|yd Ndú;hg .kshs'
l%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlu2'12'12'12'12'1 ((((( mSvkh .ek fidhuq th Ndú; lruq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 2'1'1g we;=<;a wdo¾Ykhg wjYH WmlrK
² weuqKqu 2'1'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 2'1'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjr 2'1'1mshjr 2'1'1mshjr 2'1'1mshjr 2'1'1mshjr 2'1'1 ((((( ² weuqKqu 2'1'1 g we;=,;a o%jH yd WmlrK mka;shg
imhkak'
² ,S l=Üáfha jeä j¾.M,h we;s me;a; rn¾ lene,a, u;
msysgk fia ;nd .sf,k m%udKh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² ,S l=Üáh Wi w;g isák fia ;nd .sf,k Wi wdo¾Ykh
lr isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
² neÆkh c,fhka mqrjd me;af;a l=vd isÿrla úo c,h
bj;g úÈk whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² neÆkh f;rmQ úg c,h úÈk ÿr m%udKh fjkiajk
whqre wdo¾Ykh lrkak' isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
² úÿrej iïmq¾Kfhka c,fhka mqrjd lvodish ùÿrej u;
;nd lvodishg w;a, ;nd úÿrej hál=re lr w; fifuka
bj;a l< úg c,h fkdjeà ;sfnk whqre wdo¾Ykh
lr isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
² ,S l=Üáh iafmdkaÉ rn¾ lene,a, ;=< .sf,kafka
t uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh ksid nj
² .efgk j¾.M,h wvq jQ úg ,S l=Üáh .sf,k m%udKh
jeä jkafka mSvkh jeä jQ ksid nj
² neÆkfha isÿfrka c,h bj;g úÈkafka c,h uÕska
isÿr u; we;s l< mSvkh ksid nj
² ne¨kh f;rmQ úg c,h jeä ÿr m%udKhlg úÈkafka
mSvkh jeä jq ksid nj
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² ùÿrefjka c,h bj;g fkdhkafka jdhqf.da, mSvkh
uÕska lvodish u; we;s lrk f;rmqu ksid nj
² tall j¾.M,hlg wNs,ïn j l%shd lrk n,h mSvkh
f,i w¾: oelaúh yels nj
² mSvkh } f,i m%ldYkhlska oelaúh
yels nj
² n,h ksõgka N& j,ska o" j¾.M,h j¾. óg¾ m2 &
j,ska o ukskq ,enQ úg mSvkfha tallh Nm-2 fyj;a
meial,a Pa& jk nj
² >k" øj iy jdhq uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh fjkiajk
wdldrh fidhd ne,Su jeo.;a nj
^ñks;a;= 15hs&
mshjr 2'1'2mshjr 2'1'2mshjr 2'1'2mshjr 2'1'2mshjr 2'1'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK m;%sld" äuhs lvodis iy udl¾ mEka lKavdhïj,g
,ndfokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 2'1'3mshjr 2'1'3mshjr 2'1'3mshjr 2'1'3mshjr 2'1'3 ((((( ² lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² fnda;,h iafmdkaca lene,a, u; ;nk me;a; wkqj
.sf,k m%udKh fjkia jk nj
² fnda;,hg mqrjk o%jH fha nr jeäjk úg .sf,k
m%udKh fjkia jk nj
² jia;=jl nr tlu jqj;a .efgk j¾.M,h wvq jQ
úg t uÕska we;s lrk mSvkh jeä jk nj
² jia;=jl .efgk j¾.M,h tlu jqj;a tys nr
jeäjk úg tuÕska we;s lrk mSvkh jeäjk nj
² rn¾ mg,h iys; mqkS,h øjh ;=, .s,ajk .eUqr
jeä jk úg k,fha øj l|ka w;r fjki jeä
jk nj
² øjhl .eUqr jeäj;a u tuÕska we;s lrk mSvkh
jeäjk nj
wNs,ïn n,h
j¾.M,h
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² øjfha >k;ajh jeäjk úg øjh uÕska we;s lrk
mSvk jeäjk nj
² øjfha >k;ajh ρ o" øj mDIaGfha isg .eUqr h o" .=re;ajc ;ajrKh g o" jk úg øjh ;=< h .eUqrl
§ mSvkh hρg jk nj
² neflda hka;%" legms,¾ jeks hka;%j, fldgia
p,kh lsÍu iy r: jdyk ;sßx. l%shd;aul lsÍu
i|yd øj mSvkh fhdod .kakd nj
² jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh úúO lghq;= i|yd Ndú;hg .;
yels nj
² jdhqf.da, mSvkhg 760 mm l isria Wila we;s
riÈh l|la ord f.k isáh yels nj
² riÈh 760 mm l mSvkh iïu; jdhqf.da, mSvkh
f,i Ndú; lrk nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² mSvkh w¾:l:kh lrhs'
² ffoksl lghq;= fndfyduhla id¾:l j bgq lr .eksug mSvkh wjYH nj ms<s.kshs'
² úúO lghq;= i|yd mSvkh M,odhS f,i Ndú; lrhs'
² WmlrK ksis f,i yiqrejñka mdGdxl ,nd .kshs'
² ksÍlaIK mokï lr .ksñka ks.ukj,g t<efò'
weuqKqu 2'1'1weuqKqu 2'1'1weuqKqu 2'1'1weuqKqu 2'1'1weuqKqu 2'1'1
² RcqfldaKdi%dldr yrialvla we;s ,S l=Üáhla' iafmdkaÉ lene,a,la" neÆkhla"
w,afmfk;a;la" j;=r fndk ùÿrejla" lvodis lene,a,la iy c,h'
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weuqKqu 2'1'2weuqKqu 2'1'2weuqKqu 2'1'2weuqKqu 2'1'2weuqKqu 2'1'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² mSvkh r|d mj;akd idOl ms,sn|j fidhd ne,Su i|yd u;= oelafjk
wjia:djkaf.ka tlla flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak
² >k jia;= uÕska mSvkh we;s jSu
² øj uÕska mSvkh we;s jSu
² jd;h uÕska mSvkh we;sjSu
² Tn lKavdhug mejrS we;s ld¾h wkqj wod< ld¾h mßY% fj; hkak'
² ld¾h mßY%fha ;nd we;s øjH yd WmlrK fhdod f.k wegjqu ms<sfh< lr .kak'
² wegjqu fhdod .ksñka Tng mejÍ we;s ld¾hh ms<sn| idlÉPd lrkak'
² iqÿiq mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka wod< ksÍCIK ,nd .kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
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weuqKqu 2'1'3weuqKqu 2'1'3weuqKqu 2'1'3weuqKqu 2'1'3weuqKqu 2'1'3
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² my; i|yka WmlrK yd øjH fïihla u; ;nd ld¾h mßY% ;=kla ms<sfh< lrkak'
ld¾h mßY%h - 1ld¾h mßY%h - 1ld¾h mßY%h - 1ld¾h mßY%h - 1ld¾h mßY%h - 1
² rEm igyfka oelafjk mßÈ ,S iy f,day m;=re
Ndú; lr ilia lr .;a wdOdrlhla
² ysia îu fnda;,hla
² fnda;,hg iú l< yels lïì o¾Ylhla
² >klï iafmdkaÉ rn¾ lene,a,la
² fnda;,h msrúh yels m%udKfha c,h
² fnda;,h msrúh yels m%udKfha je,s fyda l=vd .,aleg
² fnda;,fha lgg ;og iú l< yels fmdfrdmamhla
² fnda;,hg we;=¨ lrk øjH iy iafmdkaaÊ lene,a,
u; fnda;,h .efgk mDIaGh úp,H idOl f,i i,lkak'
ld¾h mßY%h - 2ld¾h mßY%h - 2ld¾h mßY%h - 2ld¾h mßY%h - 2ld¾h mßY%h - 2
² l=vd mqkS,hla
² mqkS,fha úIalïNhg jvd jeä
úIalïNfhka hq;a Wi irdjla
² isyska U k<hla
² mqkS,h;a U k<h;a iïnkaO l<
yels 1$2m l muK È. isyska rn¾ nghla
² ne¨ka tlla iy l;=rla
² fmd,af;,a 10ml la muK
² irdj msrúh yels m%udKfha c,h
² irdj msrúh yels m%udKfha idkaø Kq ødjKhla
² mqkS,h .s,ajkq ,nk ;r,h iy .s,ajk .eUqrúp,H idOl f,i i,lkak'
ld¾h mßY%h - 3ld¾h mßY%h - 3ld¾h mßY%h - 3ld¾h mßY%h - 3ld¾h mßY%h - 3
² pQIl w,a¨jla ^w,a¨fõ msgqmig l=vd fldlalla iú lrkak&
² ùÿre ;yvq lene,a,la
² wdOdrl folla
² fldlallska t,a,d we;s l=vd
mä lÜg,hla
² fia,hska ng lene,a,la
² tlu m%udKfha l=vd isßkað folla
² jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkfha ;ru wjfndAO lr .ekSu i|yd pQIl w,a¨j fhdod .kak'
² jdhq mSvkh M,odhS f,i fhdod .; yels nj wdo¾Ykh lsÍug isßkac fol iy
fia,hska ng fhdod .kak'
fnda;,h
lïìo¾Ylh
f,daywdOdrlh
,S wdOdrlh
l%udxls;lvodis máh
iafmdkaÉ rn¾lene,a,
rn¾ ngh U k<h
mqkS,h
ne¨ka mg,h fmd,a f;,a
isrskac¾
fia,hska ngh
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ksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;djksmqK;dj 2'02'02'02'02'0 ( ( ( ( ( ;r, uÕska jia;= u; we;s lrk f;rmqu ms<sn| j
fidhd n,hs'
ksmqK;d uÜguksmqK;d uÜguksmqK;d uÜguksmqK;d uÜguksmqK;d uÜgu 2'22'22'22'22'2 ((((( øj ;=< we;s jia;=jla u; l%shd lrk n, úuid n,hs'øj ;=< we;s jia;=jla u; l%shd lrk n, úuid n,hs'øj ;=< we;s jia;=jla u; l%shd lrk n, úuid n,hs'øj ;=< we;s jia;=jla u; l%shd lrk n, úuid n,hs'øj ;=< we;s jia;=jla u; l%shd lrk n, úuid n,hs'
l%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlu 2'22'22'22'22'2 ((((( øj fhdok n, wkqj jia;= yeisfrk wdldrh fidhd n,uq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² ysia" c,h msrjQ iy je,s msrjQ ma,diaála fnda," mdroDYH
fødaKsldjla" îlrhla" c,h
² weuqKqu 2'2'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 2'2'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 2'2'1mshjr 2'2'1mshjr 2'2'1mshjr 2'2'1mshjr 2'2'1 ((((( ² wdo¾Ykh fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lsßug Wmfoia §
ma,diaála fnda, ;=k fødaKsldj m;=f,a ;nkak'
² îlrhg c,h mqrjd f.k fødaKsldj ì;a;sh Èf.a c,h
rErd jefgk mßÈ l%ufhka fødaKsldjg c,h tl;=
lrkak'
² my; i|yka m%Yak bÈßm;a lrñka isiqka nqoaê
l,ïnkhl fhdojkak'
² c,h tl;= lsÍfï § fødaKsldj ;=< ;snQ fnda,j,
yeisÍu ms<sn| ksÍlaIK fudkjd o@
² tu yeisßïj,g fya;= fudkjd o@
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² je,s iys; fnda,h fo%daKsldj m;=f,a k;r jk nj
² c,h iys; fnda,h fo%daKsldfõ c,h ;=, mj;sk nj
² ysia fnda,h c,h u;g meñfKk nj
² c,h ;=< mj;akd jia;=jla flfrys c,h uÕska Wvq
w;g f;rmqula l%shd;aul ù we;s nj
² c,h u`.ska by,g fhÿk n,h Wvql=re f;rmqu
f,i y÷kajk nj
² jia;=jla øjhla ;=< § mj;sk wdldrh flfrys
Wvql=re f;rmqu fuka u jia;=fõ nr o n,mdk nj
² wdlsóäia kï úoHd{hd Wvql=re f;rmqu iïnkaO
mÍlaIK l< úoHd{hl= f,i m;, j we;s nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 2'2'2mshjr 2'2'2mshjr 2'2'2mshjr 2'2'2mshjr 2'2'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï
lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 2'2'3mshjr 2'2'3mshjr 2'2'3mshjr 2'2'3mshjr 2'2'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² jd;fha § jia;=j ÿkq ;rdÈfha t,ajQ úg jia;=fõ i;H
nr oelafjk nj
² øjh ;=, § jia;=j ÿkq ;rdÈfha t,ajQ úg wvq mdGdxlhla
fmkajk nj
² jia;=jla ;r,hl .sf,k úg tu jia;=fõ .sf,k
mßudjg iudk ;r, mßudjla úia:dmkh jk nj
² jia;=j ;r,h ;=< .s,Sfï § úia:dmkh jQ ;r,fha
nrg iudk oDYH nr wvq ùula jia;=fõ isÿ jk nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nrg iudk Wvql=re f;rmqula
jia;=j u; fhfok ksid tu nr wvqùu isÿ jk nj
² jia;=jla ;r,hla ;=< w¾O jYfhka .s,S mdfjk úg"
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha mßudj jia;=fõ mßudjg
jvd wvq nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nr jia;=fõ nrg iudk
jk nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nrg iudk Wvql=re
f;rmqula jia;=j u; fhfok nj
² jia;=jla ;r,hla ;=< iïmQ¾Kfhka .s,S mdfjk úg
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha mßudj jia;=fõ mßudjg
iudk jk nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nr jia;=fõ nrg iudk
jk nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nrg iudk Wvql=re
f;rmqula jia;=j u; fhfok nj
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² jia;=jla ;r,hla ;=< uq`Mukska .sf,k úg
² úia:dmkh jk ;r, mßudj jia;=fõ mßudjg
iudk jk nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nr jia;=fõ nrg jvd wvq
nj
² úia:dmkh jk ;r,fha nrg iudk Wvql=re
f;rmqula jia;=j u; fhfok nj
² ;r,hl § jia;=jl meje;au wdlsóãia kshuh uÕska
meyeÈ,s l< yels nj
² "hï jia;=jla mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O jYfhkahï jia;=jla mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O jYfhkahï jia;=jla mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O jYfhkahï jia;=jla mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O jYfhkahï jia;=jla mQ¾K jYfhka fyda w¾O jYfhka
fyda ksYap, ;r,hla ;=< .s,ajd we;s úg ;r,hfyda ksYap, ;r,hla ;=< .s,ajd we;s úg ;r,hfyda ksYap, ;r,hla ;=< .s,ajd we;s úg ;r,hfyda ksYap, ;r,hla ;=< .s,ajd we;s úg ;r,hfyda ksYap, ;r,hla ;=< .s,ajd we;s úg ;r,h
uÕska jia;=j u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmquuÕska jia;=j u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmquuÕska jia;=j u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmquuÕska jia;=j u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmquuÕska jia;=j u; we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmqu
jia;=j uÕska úia:dms; ;r, mßudfõ nrg iudkjia;=j uÕska úia:dms; ;r, mßudfõ nrg iudkjia;=j uÕska úia:dms; ;r, mßudfõ nrg iudkjia;=j uÕska úia:dms; ;r, mßudfõ nrg iudkjia;=j uÕska úia:dms; ;r, mßudfõ nrg iudk
fõfõfõfõfõ" f,i wdlsóäia kshuh m%ldY l< yels h'
² jia;=jla øj ;=< .s,a,Sfï § øjfha >k;ajh fjkiaùu
wkqj
² úia:dmkh jk øj mßsudfõ nr fjkia jk nj
² øjh uÕska we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmqu fjkia jk
nj
² jia;=j øjh ;=< bmsf,k m%udKh fjkia jk nj
² úúO >k;aj we;s øj ;=< jia;=jla bmsf,k m%udKh
fjkiaùu mokï lr f.k øjudkh ks¾udKh lr
we;s nj
² o%jj, >k;ajh fiùu i|yd øjudkh fhdod .kakd
nj
² úúO Ôú; wjYH;d i|yd bms,Su m%fhdackj;a j
fhdod .kakd nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² wdlsóäia kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
² øj uÕska we;s lrk Wvql=re f;rmqu ðú; lghq;= myiq lsßug fhdod .; yels nj
ms<s.kshs'
² øjudkh Ndú; lr øjj, >k;aj ksjerÈj ukshs'
² úúO ixisoaê meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|yd mÍlaIKd;aul o;a; fhdod .kshs'
² úúO øj iïnkaO lghq;=j, § WÑ; Wml%u uekúka yiqrejhs'
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weuqKqu 2'2'1euqKqu 2'2'1euqKqu 2'2'1euqKqu 2'2'1euqKqu 2'2'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² úúO jia;+ka øj ;=< mej;sh yels u;= i|yka wdldr w;=frka Tn lKavdhug
mejfrk wdldrh ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² øjh ;=< jia;=j mq¾K jYfhka .s,S hdu
² øjh ;=< jia;=j .s,S mdùu
² øjh ;=< jia;=j w¾O jYfhka .s,S mdùu
² Tn lKavdhug imhd we;s øjH yd WmlrK fyd¢ka mÍlaId lrkak'
² my; i|yka tla tla øjh ;=< § jia;=j u; øjh u`.ska we;s flfrk n,h ks¾Kh
lrk wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak'
² c,h
² ¨Kq ødjKh
² N+ñ f;,a
² øjh u`.ska jia;=j u; we;s jQ n,h;a" tu`.ska úia:dmkh jQ øj mßudj;a w;r
iïnkaOh ,nd .kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 2'2'2weuqKqu 2'2'2weuqKqu 2'2'2weuqKqu 2'2'2weuqKqu 2'2'2
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² my; i|yka øjH yd WmlrK lÜg,h ne.ska ;nd ld¾h mßY% ;=kla ms<sfh, lrkak'
² idkaø ¨Kq ødjKhla" c,h yd N+ñf;,a wjYH m%udK
² Wi ñKqï irdjla fyda iudk mdroDYH n÷kla
² øjudkhla
² ÿkq ;rdÈhla
² hqf¾ld n÷kla
² 500 ml îlrhla yd 200 ml îlrhla
² c,h Wrd fkd.kakd 1 m È. kq,a lene,a,la
² w;a msiakdjla
² m<uq wjia:dj i|yd c,fha .sf,k jia;=jla o" fojk wjia:dj i|yd ta ta øjfhka
iï¾Kfhka u mqrjk ,o ;=kS fmd,d;Ska u,a,la ne.ska o" ;=kajk wjia:dj i|yd
c,fha bmsf,k jia;=jla o imhkak'
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ksmqK;dj 3'0 ksmqK;dj 3'0 ksmqK;dj 3'0 ksmqK;dj 3'0 ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( ( ( ( ( hdka;%sl Yla;sh tÈfkod Ôú; lghq;= i|yd fhdod
.kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ((((( hdka;%sl Yla;sh ld¾h lsÍug odhl jk wdldrh fidhdhdka;%sl Yla;sh ld¾h lsÍug odhl jk wdldrh fidhdhdka;%sl Yla;sh ld¾h lsÍug odhl jk wdldrh fidhdhdka;%sl Yla;sh ld¾h lsÍug odhl jk wdldrh fidhdhdka;%sl Yla;sh ld¾h lsÍug odhl jk wdldrh fidhd
n,hs'n,hs'n,hs'n,hs'n,hs'
l%shdldrlu 3'1l%shdldrlu 3'1l%shdldrlu 3'1l%shdldrlu 3'1l%shdldrlu 3'1 ((((( hdka;%sl Yla;s m%fNao fidhuq' tajd Ndú;hg .ksuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 3'1'1g we;=<;a wdo¾Ykh i|yd wjYH WmlrK
² weuqKqu 3'1'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 3'1'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% folla
² weuqKqu 3'1'4 ys i|yka Yla;sh iy laIu;dj ms<sn|
f;dr;=re we;=<;a m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 3'1'1mshjr 3'1'1mshjr 3'1'1mshjr 3'1'1mshjr 3'1'1 ((((( ² weuqKqu 3'1'1 ys oelafjk rEm igyka
we;=<;a úYd, Ñ;%hla mka;shg bÈßm;a lr Tjqka lrk oE
ms<sn| j úuikak'
² ,S l=Üáhla n,hla fhdod ;,a lrk wjia:djla iy
Tijk wjia:djla wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² Bg jvd nr ,S l=Üáhla n,hla fhdod p,kh lrk iy
Tijk wjia:djla wdo¾Ykh lrkak'
² tla tla wjia:dfõ § oefkk fjfyi ms,sn|j úuikak'
² lrk ,o ld¾hh flfrys n,mdk idOl úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² wvq ialkaOhla ;,a¨ lsÍfï § iy tiùfï § wvq
fjfyila oefkk nj
² jeä ialkaOhla ;,a¨ lsÍfï § iy tiùfï § jeä
fjfyila oefkk nj
² jia;=jlg wvq fõ.hla ,nd §fï § wvq fjfyila oefkk
nj
² jia;=jg jeä fõ.hla ,nd §fï § jeä fjfyila oefkk
nj
² oefkk fjfyi fjkia jQfha YÍrfha Yla;sh jeh lsÍu
fjkia ùu ksid nj
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² YÍrfhka jeh jk Yla;sh ld¾hh lsÍu i|yd fhfofjk
nj
² isÿ lrkq ,nk ld¾h m%udKh ueksh hq;= nj
² lrk ,o ld¾h m%udKh fhdok ,nk n,fha;a n,fha
ÈYdjg isÿ jQ úia:dmkfha;a .=Ks;hg iudk jk nj
² ld¾hh uekSfï wka;¾cd;sl tallh N m fyj;a cQ,a
^J& nj
² jia;=jla u; lrkq ,nk ld¾h m%udKh
² jia;=j msysá Wi jeä ùfï § úNj Yla;sh f,i .nvd
jk nj
² jia;=fõ fõ.h jeä ùfï § pd,l Yla;sh f,i .nvd
jk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 3'1'2mshjr 3'1'2mshjr 3'1'2mshjr 3'1'2mshjr 3'1'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 3'1'3mshjr 3'1'3mshjr 3'1'3mshjr 3'1'3mshjr 3'1'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² ialkaOh tijSu i|yd iy oqkak iïmSvkh lsÍu i|yd
YÍrfhka Yla;sh fhÈh hq;= nj
² ndysr n,h bj;a l< miq ialkaOj,g m%fõ.hla
,efnk nj
² jia;=jl .nvd lrkq ,nk jsNj Yla;sh
² jia;=j msysgk Wi wkqj .=re;ajdl¾IK úNj yla;sh
f,i .nvd jk nj
² fy,slaiSh ÿkakl È. fjkia jk m%udKh wkqj
m%;Hdia: úNj Yla;sh f,i .nvd jk nj
² Yla;sh ukskq ,nk wka;¾cd;sl tallh cQ,a ^J& nj
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opyr
ight
© 2
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Nat
iona
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- Sr
i La
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180
² úNj Yla;sh pd,l Yla;shg mßj¾;kh l< yels nj
² pd,l Yla;sh úNj Yla;shg mßj¾;kh l< yels nj
² uqM Yla;sh fkdfjkia j mj;sk mßÈ Yla;s mßj¾;kh
isÿ jk w;r th Yla;s ixiaÓ;s kshuh f,i y÷kajk
nj
² hdka;%sl Yla;s m%fNao tÈfkod lghq;= i|yd Ndú;hg
.kakd nj
² ld¾h lsÍfï YS>%;dj laIu;dj f,i y÷kajk nj
² laIu;dj uksk wka;¾ cd;sl tallh fjdÜ W& nj
² lsf,dafjdÜ meh ^kWh& Yla;sh ukskq ,nk m%dfhda.sl
tallhla nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² hdka;%sl Yla;s m%fNao meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² tÈfkod lghq;= id¾:l j bgq lr .ekSug hdka;%sl Yla;s m%fNaoj, we;s jeo.;alu
w.h lrhs'
² wjYH;djg WÑ; mßÈ hdka;%sl Yla;s m%fNao Ndú; lrhs'
² Wmfoia ms<smÈñka wegjqï ilia lrhs'
² tosfkod cSjs; wjYH;dj, oS Yla;sh imhd .ekSug ir, l%u fhdod .kshs'
weuqKqu 3'1'1weuqKqu 3'1'1weuqKqu 3'1'1weuqKqu 3'1'1weuqKqu 3'1'1
181
weuqKqu 3'1'2weuqKqu 3'1'2weuqKqu 3'1'2weuqKqu 3'1'2weuqKqu 3'1'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² hdka;%sl Yla;sh .nvd lsrsu yd mrsj¾;kh ùu ms<sn| fidhd ne,Su i|yd u;= i|yka
wjia:djkaf.ka tlla flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² ialkaOhla by<g Tijd ksoyia lsÍu
² ialkaOhla fy,slaiSh ÿkakla u; ;nd f;rmd ksoyia lsÍu
² Tfí lKavdhug imhd we;s WmlrK yd o%jH fyd¢ka mÍlaId lrkak'
² u;= oelafjk rEm igykaj,ska Tng wod< rEm igykg wkqj wegjqu ilia lr .kak'
² wegjqu fhdod .ksñka ialkaOfha úNj Yla;sh .nvd lrkak'
² ialkaOh ksoyia l< úg .nvd jq Yla;shg isÿ jkafka l=ula oe hs mÍlaId lrkak'
² .nvd jk úNj Yla;sh fjkia lrñka mÍlaIKh lsysm jdrhla isÿ lrkak'
² ld¾hh isÿ lsÍu i|yd Tn úiska fhdok ,o Yla;sh" .nvd jQ úNj Yla;sh iy
ialkaOh ksoyia ùfï § ksoyia jk Yla;sh w;r iïnkaO;djhla mj;skafka oe hs
lKavdhï ;=< idlÉPd lrkak'
² ksÍlaIK weiqfrka jia;fõ .nvd jk úNj Yla;sh;a th ,nd .kakd pd,l Yla;sh;a
ms<sn| ks.ukj,g t<efUkak'
² Yla;sh yd laIu;dj ms<sn| imhd we;s f;dr;=re m;%sldj úu¾Ykh lrkak'
² Yla;s ixiaÓ;s kshuh" laIu;dj iy úoHq;a Yla;sh uekSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re ,nd .kak'
² Tfí ksÍlaIK" ks.uk yd fidhd .ekSï wdl¾YKSh f,i mka;shg bÈßm;a lsßug
iqodkï jkak'
0'5 m
15 cm10 cm
182
weuqKqu 3'1'3weuqKqu 3'1'3weuqKqu 3'1'3weuqKqu 3'1'3weuqKqu 3'1'3
ld¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoia
² my; oelafjk øjH yd WmlrK we;=<;a ld¾h mßY% folla ilia lrkak'
ld¾h mßY% 1
² by< fl<jrg wdikakj 2 mm l muK úIalïNhla we;s isÿre iEÿ ,S wdOdrl
folla
² 2 mm l muK úIalïNfhka hq;a 30 cm la muK È. .e,ajkhsia lïì lene,a,la
² 2 cm l muK úIalïNhla iy 15 cm l muK È.la iys; .a,sßiSähd ,S o~q
lene,a,la
² 1$2 m l muK gqjhska kQ,a lene,a,la
² 100 g l muK ialkaOhla
² l=vd w,afmfk;a;la
² 1$2 m l fldaÿjla
ld¾h mßY% 2
² L yevhg ;ekQ ,S wdOdrlhla
² 3 cm l muK úIalïNhla iy 10 cm l muK Wila we;s fy,slaish ÿkakla
² fy,slaiSh ÿkak u; hï;ï /|úh yels >k ma,diaála fnda,hla fyda ùÿre fnda,hla
² 12 cm la muK È. nhsisl,a iafmdala lïì y;rla
² fy,slaiSh ÿkak iafmdala lïì w;r /|úh yels jk mßÈ" iafmdala lïì ,S wdOdrlfha
mdohg ;Èka iúlr .; yels mßÈ mdofha l=vd isÿre y;rla idokak'
² ÿkak mdohg iú l< yels bial=remamq weK iy bial=remamq kshkla
² l%udxls; lvodis máhla iy .ï iaj,amhla
² ld¾h mßY%j, WmlrK ilia lr .ekSfï § lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
hgf;a we;=<;a lr we;s rEm igyka mßyrKh lrkak'
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weuqKqu 3'1'4 weuqKqu 3'1'4 weuqKqu 3'1'4 weuqKqu 3'1'4 weuqKqu 3'1'4
Yla;sh iy laIu;dj
ld¾hh lsÍfï yelshdjla we;s oEj,g Yla;sh we;' ñksia isref¾ Yla;sh we;' tfuka u
gexlshla mqrjd we;s fmÜr,aj, fyda iïmSvkh l< ÿkakl fyda Yla;sh .nvdù we;'
by;' tla tla wjia:dj, § Yla;sh wkd.; ld¾hhka i|yd u;= n,dfmdfrd;a;= f,i Tng
is;sh yels h' ld¾hh fuka u Yla;sh o ukskq ,nkafka cq,a ^J&j,sks'
hdka;%sl Yla;sh" ;dmc Yla;sh" wdf,dal Yla;sh" èjks Yla;sh" úoHq;a Yla;sh" ridhksl
Yla;sh iy kHIaál Yla;sh f,i Yla;sh mj;sk úúO wdldr we;' hdka;%sl Yla;sfha
m%fNao folla we;' tajd úNj Yla;sh iy pd,l Yla;sh f,i ye¢ka fõ'
úNj Yla;sh
rem igyfka oelafjk mßÈ ksoyia l< úg
ld¾hhla l< yels jk mßÈ hï msysàulg p,kh
lr we;s jia;=j, úNj Yla;sh wvx.= j we;'
weo we;s ÿkakl úNj Yla;sh we;' th kej;
uq,a È.g m;ajk fia ksoyia l< úg ta uÕska
ld¾hhla flf¾' fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg by<ska
msysgk fia w,a,d f.k we;s l%slÜ mkaÿjl úNj
Yla;sh we;' mkaÿj ksoyia l< úg th fmdf<dj
foig weo.kq ,nk fyhska ld¾hhla flf¾'
pd,l Yla;sh
rEm igyfka oelafjk mßÈ fjä WKavhla"
fudag¾ r:hla iy mdmkaÿjla jeks p,kh jk
jia;=j, pd,l Yla;sh wvx.= j we;' fõ.fhka
p,kh jk l%slÜ mkaÿjla we,aÆ úg tys pd,l
Yla;sh ydks jk w;r mkaÿ rlskakdf.a w;
miqmig ;,a¨ lsÍfï § ld¾hhla isÿ flf¾'
Yla;sh ckkh lsÍug W;aidy .;fyd;a tu Yla;s ckkh isÿ jkafka fjk;a Yla;s
wdldrhla mßj¾;kh ùfuks' tfuka u Yla;sh keiSug W;aidy .;fyd;a th keiSu isÿ
l< fkd yels jk w;r fjk;a Yla;s wdldrhlg mßj¾;kh ùula isÿ fõ' fuu
iïnkaO;djka Yla;s ixiaÓ;s kshuhg wkqrem fõ' Yla;s ixiaÓ;s kshuh fufia m%ldY
l< yels h'
Yla;sh tla wdldrhl isg ;j;a wdldrhlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu úkd th ueùu fyda keiSuYla;sh tla wdldrhl isg ;j;a wdldrhlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu úkd th ueùu fyda keiSuYla;sh tla wdldrhl isg ;j;a wdldrhlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu úkd th ueùu fyda keiSuYla;sh tla wdldrhl isg ;j;a wdldrhlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu úkd th ueùu fyda keiSuYla;sh tla wdldrhl isg ;j;a wdldrhlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu úkd th ueùu fyda keiSu
fyda isÿ l< fkdyels h'fyda isÿ l< fkdyels h'fyda isÿ l< fkdyels h'fyda isÿ l< fkdyels h'fyda isÿ l< fkdyels h'
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hdka;%sl Yla;s ixiaÓ;s kshuh fuys úfYaI wjia:djla f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' hdka;%sl
Yla;s ixiaÓ;s kshuh fufia m%ldY l< yels h'
hdka;%sl Yla;sh fjk;a Yla;s wdldrj,g mßj¾;kh fkdjkafka kï úNj Yla;sfha;a"hdka;%sl Yla;sh fjk;a Yla;s wdldrj,g mßj¾;kh fkdjkafka kï úNj Yla;sfha;a"hdka;%sl Yla;sh fjk;a Yla;s wdldrj,g mßj¾;kh fkdjkafka kï úNj Yla;sfha;a"hdka;%sl Yla;sh fjk;a Yla;s wdldrj,g mßj¾;kh fkdjkafka kï úNj Yla;sfha;a"hdka;%sl Yla;sh fjk;a Yla;s wdldrj,g mßj¾;kh fkdjkafka kï úNj Yla;sfha;a"
pd,l Yla;sfha;a ftlHh ksh;hla fõ'pd,l Yla;sfha;a ftlHh ksh;hla fõ'pd,l Yla;sfha;a ftlHh ksh;hla fõ'pd,l Yla;sfha;a ftlHh ksh;hla fõ'pd,l Yla;sfha;a ftlHh ksh;hla fõ'
l%slÜ mkaÿjla fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg isria j
by<g m%lafIamkh l< úg YÍrfha .nvdù ;snQ
ridhksl Yla;sfhka fldgila pd,l Yla;sh
f,i mkaÿjg mßj¾;kh fõ' rEmfha fmkajd
we;s mßÈ mkaÿj by<g hk úg tys fõ.h wvq
jk w;r tys pd,l Yla;sh úNj Yla;shg
mßj¾;kh fõ' mkaÿj kej; fmdf<dj u;
m;s; jk úg úNj Yla;sh pd,l Yla;sh njg
mßj¾;kh fõ' mkaÿj fmdf<dj uÕska
ksYap,;ajhg m;a lsÍfï § fuu pd,l Yla;sh
;dmc iy èjks Yla;s njg mßj¾;kh fõ'
ld¾hh lsÍfï iS>%;dj laIu;dj f,i ye¢ka fõ'
laIu;dj }
laIu;dfõ wka;¾ cd;sl tallh fjdÜ W& fõ'
úYd, laIu;d uekSug lsf,dafjdgh kW&" fu.dfjdgh MW& kï tall Ndú; flf¾'
1 kW = 10 3 W 1MW = 10 6 W
mßfNdackh lrk úoHq;a Yla;s m%udKh uekSu i|yd lsf,dafjdÜ-meh kï tallhla Ndú;
flf¾' lsf,dafjdÜ - meh tlla hkq lsf,dafjdÜ tll úoHq;a laIu;djla mehla ;=<
mßfNdackh lsÍfï § jeh jk úoHq;a Yla;s m%udKhhs' lsf,dafjdÜ - meh tallh 1 kWhf,i ixfla;j;a flf¾'
úNjYla;sh
pd,lYla;sh
pd,lYla;sh
ridhkslYla;sh
;dmc Yla;shiy
èjks Yla;sh
lrk ,o ld¾hh.; jQ ld,h
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ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( ( ( ( ( hdka;%sl Yla;sh tÈfkod ðú; lghq;= i|yd fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ((((( hdka;%sl Yla;sfha w.h ksudKh lrhs'hdka;%sl Yla;sfha w.h ksudKh lrhs'hdka;%sl Yla;sfha w.h ksudKh lrhs'hdka;%sl Yla;sfha w.h ksudKh lrhs'hdka;%sl Yla;sfha w.h ksudKh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 3'2l%shdldrlu 3'2l%shdldrlu 3'2l%shdldrlu 3'2l%shdldrlu 3'2 ((((( hdka;%sl Yla;s m%fNao y|qkd .ksuq' w.h fidhuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 3'2'1 g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 3'2'2 g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mrsY% folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjr 3'2'1 mshjr 3'2'1 mshjr 3'2'1 mshjr 3'2'1 mshjr 3'2'1 ((((( ² ñáh Tijd .fvd,a lene,a, u; fifuka ;enSug
iafõÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jk isiqfjl= fhduq lrkak
² ñáh Tijd fõ.fhka .fvd,a lene,a, u;g myr
t,aa, lsÍug ;j;a isiqjl=g wjia:dj fokak
² ñáh fjkia Wij,g Tijd .fvd, u;g oeóug ;j;a
isiqjl=g wjia:dj fokak
² fjkia ialkaO we;s ñáhlska o by; l%shdjka isÿ lrjkak
² by; wjia:djka ys § isÿjk oE ms<sn| isiqkaf.a ksÍlaIK
úuikak'
² fï yd iïnkaO fmr w;aoelSï ms<sn| isiqkaf.ka
úuikak
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² ñáh .fvd, u;g fifuka jeàfï § iy wvq Wil
isg jeàfï § .fvd,g jQ ydksh wvq nj
² ñáh jeä fõ.hlska jeàfï§ iy jeä Wil isg jeàfï
§ .fvd,g jQ ydksh jeä nj
² ialkaOh jeä jQ úg o .fvd,g jQ ydksh jeä jQ nj
² .fvd,g jQ ydksh fjkia jQfha tla tla wjia:dfõ §
ñáh i;= jQ hdka;%sl Yla;sh fjkia ùu ksid nj
² jia;=jla msysgk Wi wkqj tys wvx.= jk Yla;sh úNj
Yla;sh f,i y÷kajk nj
² jia;=jl m%fõ.h wkqj tys wvx.= jk Yla;sh pd,l
Yla;sh f,i y÷kajk nj
² úNj Yla;sh iy pd,l Yla;sh m%udKd;aulj fiùu
m%fhdackj;a jk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 3'2'2mshjr 3'2'2mshjr 3'2'2mshjr 3'2'2mshjr 3'2'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 3'2'3'mshjr 3'2'3'mshjr 3'2'3'mshjr 3'2'3'mshjr 3'2'3' ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² jia;=jla msysgk Wi wkqj tu jia;=fõ wvx.= jk
úNj Yla;sh m%udKd;aul j fiúh yels nj
² úNj Yla;sh fiùu i|yd jia;=fõ ialkaOh m" fmdf<dj
uÜgfï isg msysá Wi h yd .=re;ajc ;ajrKh g i|yd
ñkqï ,nd.; hq;= nj
² ,nd.;a ñkqï Ep= mgh iQ;%hg wdfoaY lsÍfuka jia;=fõ
wvx.= úNj Yla;sh fiúh yels nj
² p,kh jk jia;=jl ialkaOh yd tys m%fõ.h u;
jia;=fõ wvx.= jk pd,l Yla;sh fjkia jk nj
² pd,l Yla;sh fiùu i|yd jia;=fõ ialkaOh m yd
m%fõ.h v i|yd ñkqï .; hq;= nj
² ,nd.;a ñkqï iq;%hg wdfoaY lsÍfuka
jia;=fõ pd,l Yla;sh fiúh yels nj² jia;=jla by< isg my,g jeàfï § úNj Yla;sh pd,l
Yla;sh njg mßj¾;kh jk nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² hdka;%sl Yla;sfha m%fNao kï lr úia;r lrhs'
² jia;=jl msysàu yd m%fõ.h tys hdka;%sl Yla;sh ;SrKh lrk nj ms<s.kshs'
² wjYH ñkqï ,nd .ksñka o iq;%h Ndú;fhka o wod< Yla;sh .Kkh lrhs'
² wjYH;d idlaId;alrKh ;yjqre lr .ekSug ie,iqïlrKfha fhfohs'
² ixlS¾K ld¾hhka myia lr .ekSug iQ;% Ndú; lrhs'
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weuqKqu 3'2'1weuqKqu 3'2'1weuqKqu 3'2'1weuqKqu 3'2'1weuqKqu 3'2'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² my; i\yka iQ;% foflka Tnf.a lKavdhug ,efnk iQ;%h flfrys wjodkh fhduq
lrkak
²
² mghE p =
² iQ;%h iys; mqjrej ;nd we;s ld¾h mßY%h fj; fhduqjkak'
² iQ;%hg we;=,;a úp,Hhka fjka fjkaj y|qkd .kak'
² ialkaOh ksh;j mj;ajd wod< Yla;Ska .Kkh lsrSu Tng mejrS we;s ld¾hh hehs
is;kak'
² fï wkqj fjkia l< yels rdYsh y÷kd .kak'
² tu rdYsh fjkia lrñka ñkqï ;=kla ,nd .ekSug wegjqula ie,iqï lrkak'
² tu wegjqu fhdod .ksñka mdGdxl ;=kla ,nd .kak'
² ksh;j ;nk ,o rdYsh Yla;sh flfrys n,mdk wdldrh úuid n,kak'
² Tn wkq.ukh l< l%shdj,sh" Tn uqyqK ÿka .eg¨ yd Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,Sj
iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 3'2'2weuqKqu 3'2'2weuqKqu 3'2'2weuqKqu 3'2'2weuqKqu 3'2'2
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² u;= oelafjk Wmfoia wkqj ldrah mrsY% folla ilia lrkak'
² m<uq ld¾h mßY%h i|yd² m<uq ld¾h mßY%h i|yd² m<uq ld¾h mßY%h i|yd² m<uq ld¾h mßY%h i|yd² m<uq ld¾h mßY%h i|yd
² iu;, iqug u;=msgla iys; fïihla u; my; i|yka øjH yd WmlrK ;nkak'
² ÿkakla iú l< iqug fg%d,shla
² ixLHdxl úrdu >áldjla
² óg¾ fldaÿjla
² fïi odrhg ,ïnl j iú l< yels wdOdrlhla
² i|yka ldâm;la
² fg%d,sfha flá ÿrl § fõ.h taldldÍ m%fõ.h f,i Wml,amkh lsßu wjYH fõ'
ld¾h mßY%h ilia lsÍfï ie,eia
ie'hq'
² fg%d,shg iúl< o¾Ylh x yd y w;r p,kh jk ld,h ukskq ,efí' x
yd y j,
msysàu iqÿiq mßÈ fjkia l< yels h'
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² fojk ld¾h mÍY%h i|yd fojk ld¾h mÍY%h i|yd fojk ld¾h mÍY%h i|yd fojk ld¾h mÍY%h i|yd fojk ld¾h mÍY%h i|yd
² l%shdldrlug wod< iqÿiq ia:dkhla ld¾h mßY%h ilia lsÍu i|yd f;dard .kak'
² ld¾h mßY%fha my; i|yka øjH yd WmlrK ;nkak'
² úúO Wi ldâfndaâ fmÜá ;=kla fyda iqÿiq fjk;a wdfoaYl øjH ;=kla
² 10 N mrdihla we;s ÿkq ;rdÈhla
² 100 g " 200 g " 500 g ;rdÈ mä ;=kla
² Üjhska kq,a
² óg¾ fldaÿjla
² iq;%h i|yka ldâm;la
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ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( ( ( ( ( hdka;%sl Yla;sh tÈfkod ðú; lghq;= i|yd fhdod
.kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3 ( ( ( ( ( ld¾h myiq lr .ekSfï úúO l%u fidhd n,hs'ld¾h myiq lr .ekSfï úúO l%u fidhd n,hs'ld¾h myiq lr .ekSfï úúO l%u fidhd n,hs'ld¾h myiq lr .ekSfï úúO l%u fidhd n,hs'ld¾h myiq lr .ekSfï úúO l%u fidhd n,hs'
l%shdldrlu 3'3l%shdldrlu 3'3l%shdldrlu 3'3l%shdldrlu 3'3l%shdldrlu 3'3 ((((( ir, hka;% .ek oek .ksuq' ld¾h myiq lr .ksuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu3'3'1g we;=<;a wdo¾Ykhg wjYH WmlrK
² weuqKqu 3'3'2gwe;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 3'3'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% ;=kla
² weuqKqu 3'3'4g we;=<;a ir, hka;%j, rEm wvx.= m;%sldfõ
msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 3'3'5g we;=<;a ir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn|
f;dr;=re m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 3'3'1 mshjr 3'3'1 mshjr 3'3'1 mshjr 3'3'1 mshjr 3'3'1 ( ( ( ( ( ² msúiqï Wmfoiaj, i|yka .=re wdo¾Ykh mka;shg bosrsm;a
lrkak'
² ir, hka;% hkqfjka y÷kajkafka fudkjdoehs mka;sfhka
úuikak'
² m<uq jk j¾.fha ,Sjrhla m%o¾Ykh lr ta f;dr;=re jsuikak
² fo jk j¾.fha ,Sjrhla m%o¾Ykh lrkak' ta ms<sn| f;dr;=r
úuikak'
² ;=ka jk j¾.fha ,Sjrhla m%o¾Ykh lrkak' ta ms<sn|
f;dr;=re úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² ld¾h myiq lr .ekSug fhdod .kakd Wml%u ir,
hka;% f,i y÷kajk nj
² ,Sjrh ir, hka;%hla nj
² fhdok ,o n,h wdhdihwdhdihwdhdihwdhdihwdhdih f,i;a" fhofjk n,h NdrhNdrhNdrhNdrhNdrh
f,i;a" ,Sjrh N%uKh jk ,laIHh OrhOrhOrhOrhOrh f,i;a
y÷kajk nj
² wdhdih iy Ndrh fome;af;a;a Orh ueo;a msysgk
,Sjr m<uqjk j¾.fha ,Sjr f,i y÷kajk nj
² wdhdih yd Orh fome;af;a;a" Ndrh ueo;a msysgk
,Sjr fojk j¾.fha ,Sjr f,i y÷kajk nj
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² Ndrh iy Orh fome;af;a;a" wdhdih ueo;a msysgk
,Sjr ;=kajk j¾.fha ,Sjr f,i y÷kajk nj
² ir, hka;% fndfyduhla fuu ,Sjr ldKavj,ska
lsishï ldKavhlg wh;ajk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 3'3'2mshjr 3'3'2mshjr 3'3'2mshjr 3'3'2mshjr 3'3'2 ( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,aa lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 3'3'3mshjr 3'3'3mshjr 3'3'3mshjr 3'3'3mshjr 3'3'3 ( ² l=vd lKavdhï jd¾;d iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd ,nd .kak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² tÈfkod lghq;= i|yd nyq, j Ndú; lrk ir,
hka;% jeä m%udKhla ,Sjr ldKavj,g wh;a jk nj
² hka;%hl Ndrh" wdhdihg ork wkqmd;h tys hdka;%hdka;%hdka;%hdka;%hdka;%
jdishjdishjdishjdishjdish f,i y÷kajk nj
² hka;%hl wdhih .uka l< ÿr Ndrh .uka l< ÿrg
ork wkqmd;h tys m%fõ. wkqmd;h m%fõ. wkqmd;h m%fõ. wkqmd;h m%fõ. wkqmd;h m%fõ. wkqmd;h f,i y÷kajk
nj
² hdka;% jdish m%fõ. wkqmd;fhka fn¥ úg ,efnk
w.h hka;%fha ld¾hlaIu;djld¾hlaIu;djld¾hlaIu;djld¾hlaIu;djld¾hlaIu;dj f,i y÷kajk nj
² ld¾hlaIu;dj fndfydaúg m%;sY;hla f,i m%ldY
lrk nj
² blaukska ld¾h lr .ekSu i|yd tkaðka fhdod
.kakd nj
² ir, hka;%j,g idfmalaI j tkaðkaj, wmf;a hk
Yla;sh jeä neúka ld¾hlaIu;dj wvq nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
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;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² ir, hka;% i;= .=K meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² ir, hka;% Ndú;fhka ld¾h myiqfjka lr .; yels nj ms<s.kshs'
² tÈfkod lghq;= myiqfjka lr .ekSug ir, hka;% WÑ; wkaoñka Ndú;hg .kshs'
² f;dr;=re weiqfrka iïnkaO;d ,nd .kshs'
² tosfkod cSú;fha oS ld¾hhka myiqfjka yd M,odhS j bgq lr .kshs'
weuqKqu 3'3'1weuqKqu 3'3'1weuqKqu 3'3'1weuqKqu 3'3'1weuqKqu 3'3'1
m<uqjk" fojk iy ;=kajk j¾.fha ,Sjr wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd my; rEm igykaj,
oelafjk mßÈ wegjqï Ndú; lrkak' fï i|yd iqug ,E,a,la 50cm ×10cm× 2cm & fhdod
.kak' ,e,af,a fl<jrlg wdikakj yria w;g wÕ,a 1$4l muK lïìhla heúh yels
isÿrla ;kd .kak' ,e,af,a ueog wdikakj o" isÿr ke;s fl<jrg wdikakj o" fome;af;a
l=vd fldl= fol ne.ska iú lrkak' óg wu;r j 250g muK nr ,S l=Üáhla o 0 - 500&gmrdihla we;s ÿkq ;rdÈhla o" msys odrhla o Ndú; lrkak'
,Sjrfha Ñ;%h (,Sjrfha Ñ;%h (,Sjrfha Ñ;%h (,Sjrfha Ñ;%h (,Sjrfha Ñ;%h (
1 jk j¾.h 2 jk j¾.h 3 jk j¾.h
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weuqKqu 3'3'2weuqKqu 3'3'2weuqKqu 3'3'2weuqKqu 3'3'2weuqKqu 3'3'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² ir, hka;% ms<sn| f;dr;=re fiùu i|yd u;= i|yka ld¾hhka w;frka tlla flfrys
Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² m<uq jk j¾.fha ,Sjr ldKavhg wh;a ir, hka;% iy hka;% f;dr;=re fiùu
² fo jk j¾.fha ,Sjr ldKavhg wh;a ir, hka;% iy hka;% ms<sn| f;dr;=re fiùu
² ;=ka jk j¾.fha ,Sjr ldKavhg wh;a ir, hka;% iy hka;% ms<sn| f;dr;=re fiùu
² imhd we;s m;%sldfõ wvx.= ir, hka;% w;ßka Tfí lKavdhug § we;s ,Sjr ldKavhg
wh;a hka;% f;darkak'
² äuhs lvodisfha f;dard .;a hka;%j, o< igyka we| tys hka;%fha ku o" wdhdih"
Ndrh yd Orh o i<l=Kq lrkak'
² ld¾h mßY%fha we;s ir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj úu¾Ykh lrkak'
² tu f;dr;=re weiqfrka Tn lKavdhug imhd we;s ir, hka;%fha hdka;% jdish" m%fõ.
wkqmd;h iy ld¾hlaIu;dj fiúug wod< ñkqï ,nd .kak' tu rdYSkaj, w.hhka
fidhd jd¾;d lrkak'
² Tfí fidhd .ekSï iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 3'3'3weuqKqu 3'3'3weuqKqu 3'3'3weuqKqu 3'3'3weuqKqu 3'3'3
ld¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ieliSu i|yd Wmfoia
my; i|yka WmlrK lÜg,h yd øjH ;nk ,o fïi ;=kla ilia lrkak'
² 250g la muK nr tla me;a;l fldlalla iú l< ;o ,S l=Üáhla
² ^ 0 - 500 &g nr lshúh yels ÿkq ;rdoshla
² óg¾ Nd.fha fldaÿ folla
² wdOdrlhla
² weuqKqu 3'3'4g we;=<;a hka;%j, rem igyka wvx.= m;%sldjla
² weuqKqu 3'3'5g we;=<;a ir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldjla
² m<uqjk wjYH;dj i|yka ld¾h mßY%fha wdk; ;,hla f,i fhdod .; yels
iqug ,E,a,la ^50cm × 10cm × 2cm & ;nkak'
² fojk wjYH;dj i|yka ld¾h mßY%fha pl%h iy wlaIH oKav ;nkak'
² f;jeks wjYH;dj i|yka ld¾h mßY%fha weuqKqu 3'3'5 ys we;=<;a lmams moaO;sh
;nkak'
weuqKqu 3'3'4'weuqKqu 3'3'4'weuqKqu 3'3'4'weuqKqu 3'3'4'weuqKqu 3'3'4'
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ir, hka;%j, rEm igykair, hka;%j, rEm igykair, hka;%j, rEm igykair, hka;%j, rEm igykair, hka;%j, rEm igyka
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weuqKqu 3'3'5 weuqKqu 3'3'5 weuqKqu 3'3'5 weuqKqu 3'3'5 weuqKqu 3'3'5
ir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=reir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=reir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=reir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=reir, hka;% iy tkaðka ms<sn| f;dr;=re
ld¾h myiq lr .ekSu i|yd Ndú; lrk ir, hka;% j¾. y;rla we;' tajdkï ,sjrh"
wdk; ;,h" pl%h iy wlaIH oKav iy lmams moaO;s fõ' hka;%hlg fhdokq ,nk n,h
^ P & wdhdih f,i ye¢kafõ' ta u.ska jia;=j u; fhfok n,h W & Ndrh f,i ye¢ka
fõ' th N%uKh jk ,laIHh ^ F & Orh f,i ye¢ka fõ'
,sjr m%Odk j¾. ;=kla we;' tajd my; oelafjk mßÈ fõ'
m<uq jk j¾.fha fo jk j¾.fha ;=ka jk j¾.fha
,Sjrh ,Sjrh ,Sjrh
tÈfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|yd úúO wdldrfha ,Sjr Ndú; flf¾'
wdk; ;,hwdk; ;,hwdk; ;,hwdk; ;,hwdk; ;,h
wdk; ;,h ir, hka;%hls' Wiska msysá ia:dkhlg fmdf<dj uÜgfï isg úYd, nrla
Tijd ;eîu ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g tljr lsÍu wmyiq ld¾hhls' kuq;a rEm igyfka fmkajd
we;s mßÈ wdk; j ,E,a,la ;nd nr tu ;,h Èf.a ;,a¨ lr f.k hdu myiq ld¾hhls'
fuys È fhÈh hq;= wdhdih p tiúh hq;= Ndrh w g jvd wvq fõ'
hka;%hl Ndrh wdhdihg ork wkqmd;h tys hdka;% jdish f,i ye¢kafõ'
hdka;% jdish =
wdhdih .uka l< ÿr Ndrh .uka l< ÿrg ork wkqmd;h hka;%fha m%fõ. wkqmd;h f,i
ye¢ka fõ'
m%fõ. wkqmd;h =
Ndrh
wdhdih
wdhih .uka l< ÿr
Ndrh .uka l< ÿr
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hka;%hla u; lrkq ,nk ld¾hfhka jeä m%udKhla msg;g ,nd .; yels kï t jeks
hka;%hla ld¾hlaIu hka;%hla f,i ye¢ka fõ' ld¾hlaIu;dj ukskq ,nkafka m%;sY;hla
jYfhks' hka;%hl ld¾hlaIu;dj my; oelafjk mßÈ ye¢ka fõ'
ld¾hlaIu;dj = × 100]
pl%h yd wlaI oKav (
.eUqre j,l we;s nrla fyda c,h by<g tieùu jeks l%shdjla fyda myiqfjka lr .ekSu
i|yd pl%h iy wlaI oKav Ndú; l< yels h' th by; rEm igyfka oelafjk wdldrfhka
fõ' w Ndrh tieúug fhÈh hq;= wdhdih p l=vd ksid ld¾hh myiq fõ' fuu ir,
hka;%h i|yd o wdk; ;,h hgf;a i|yka lr we;s wdldrhg hdka;% jdish" m%fõ.
wkqmd;h iy ld¾hlaIu;dj .Kkh l< yels h'
lmams moaO;s (
ir, hka;%hla f,i Ndú; l< yels tla;rd lmams moaO;shla by; rEmfha oelafõ' fuysÈ
o fhÈh hq;= wdhdih p " Ndrh w g jvd l=vd ksid ld¾hh myiq fõ' fuu ir, hka;%h
i|yd o wdk; ;,h hgf;a i|yka lr we;s wdldrhg hdka;% jdish" m%fõ. wkqmd;h iy
ld¾hlaIu;dj .Kkh l< yels h'
hdka;% jdish
m%fõ. wkqmd;h
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myr y;f¾ fmÜr,a tkaðumyr y;f¾ fmÜr,a tkaðumyr y;f¾ fmÜr,a tkaðumyr y;f¾ fmÜr,a tkaðumyr y;f¾ fmÜr,a tkaðu
tla is,skavrhl fmÜr,a tkaðul tla j¾.hl l%shdfõ wjia:d y;r my; rEm igykaj,
fmkajd we;'
msiagkfha by<g fyda my<g isÿ jk tla tla p,khla myrla stroke & f,i ye¢ka fõ'
m<uq myf¾ § is,skavrhg fmÜr,a iy jd; ñY%Kh weo .eksug msiagkh my<g .uka
lrhs' fo jeks myf¾ § ñY%Kh f;rmsu i|yd th by<g .uka lrhs' fmakqfjka
iemfhk mq<sÕ=fjka ñY%Kh oefjk neúka ;=ka jeks myf¾ § msiagkh úYd, n,hlska
my<g ;,a¨ lrkq ,efí' oejqkq jd;h is,skavrfhka msg lsßu i|yd isõ jeks myf¾ §
msiagkh by<g .uka lrhs'
w¨;a ñY%Kh we;=`M lsßug" is,skavrh uqød lsßug yd oejqkq jd;h msgùug ie,eiaúu
i|yd .e,fmk ld,j, § lmdg fol újD; j yd ixjD; j mj;S' tkaðu fõ.fhka l%shd
lrk úg fï iïmQ¾K l%shdj,sh ;;amrhg mKia jdrhla muK kej; kej; isÿ fõ'
ldìhqf¾grfhkatk fmÜr,a$jd;
ñY%Kh
we;=M jklmdgh
mq<sÕ= fmakqj
msgùïlmdgh
is,skavrh
msiagkh
jleá l|msiagkhmy<g w§
cj frdaoh
jleá l|(Crank Shaft)
jleá l|msiagkh by<g
;,a¨ lrhs
1' fm%arKh1' fm%arKh1' fm%arKh1' fm%arKh1' fm%arKhwe;=M jk
lmdgh újD; jwe;' msiagkhmy<g .ukalrhs' ñY%Khis,skavrh ;=<g
weo .kshs'
2' iïmSvkh2' iïmSvkh2' iïmSvkh2' iïmSvkh2' iïmSvkhlmdg folujeiS we;'msiagkhby<g .ukalrhs' ñY%KhiïmSvkh fõ'
3' cjh3' cjh3' cjh3' cjh3' cjhlmdg fol ujeiS we;'ñY%Kh mq<sÕ=jlauÕska oe,a fõ'msiagkh my<gf;rfma'
4' msgùu4' msgùu4' msgùu4' msgùu4' msgùumsgùfï lmdghújD;j we;'msiagkh by<gp,kh fõ'oejqkq jd;hmsg;g ;,alrhs'
msiagkhjleá l| iy
cj frdaohN%uKh jk mßÈ
;,a lrhs'
jleá l|msiagkh by<g
;,a¨ lrhs
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cj myf¾ § muKla jleá l| N%uKh jk f,i ;,a¨ flf¾' jleá l|g iú lr we;s
nr cj frdaoh uÕska wfkla myrj,a ;=k i|yd tkaðu N%uKh lrkq ,efí' fuh oejqkq
jd;h bj;a lsßug iy kejqï jd;h oeùu i|yd iqodkï lsßug wjYH fõ'
tkaðulg imhkq ,nk Yla;sfhka tla;rd m%udKhla m%fhdackj;a ld¾hhla njg
mßj¾;kh flf¾' b;sß Yla;sh ;dmh f,i wmf;a hhs' tkaðulska lrkq ,nk m%fhdackj;a
ld¾hh tys m%;sodk ld¾hh f,i ye¢ka fõ' tkaðka lsysmhl m%odk Yla;sh m%;sodk
ld¾h iy ld¾hlaIuj;d j my; oela fõ'
m%odk Yla;sh tkaðu m%;sodk ld¾hh ld¾hlaIu;dj
100J fmÜr,a 25J 25] 100J ãi,a 35J 35]
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ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( ( ( ( ( ;dmc Yla;sh uekSfï yd ixl%duKh lsrSfï l%u
Ndú;hg .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( ( ( ( ( ;dm yqjudrej ksid isoq jk WIaK;aj fjkiajSï ukshs' ;dm yqjudrej ksid isoq jk WIaK;aj fjkiajSï ukshs' ;dm yqjudrej ksid isoq jk WIaK;aj fjkiajSï ukshs' ;dm yqjudrej ksid isoq jk WIaK;aj fjkiajSï ukshs' ;dm yqjudrej ksid isoq jk WIaK;aj fjkiajSï ukshs'
l%shdldrlu 4'1l%shdldrlu 4'1l%shdldrlu 4'1l%shdldrlu 4'1l%shdldrlu 4'1 ((((( WIaK;ajudk .ek fidhuq' WIaK;ajh uksuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï (((((
² weuqKqu 4'1'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu4'1'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< fmdoq fïihla
² weuqKqu 4'1'3g we;=<;a WIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=re
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 4'1'1 mshjr 4'1'1 mshjr 4'1'1 mshjr 4'1'1 mshjr 4'1'1 ( ( ( ( ( ² whsia leg oud isis,a l, c,h ldur WIaK;ajfha we;s
c,h iy WKqiqï c,h iys; Ndck ;=kla fïih u;
;nkak'
² iafõÉPdfjka bosrsm;a jk isiqfjla yg jï w;
WKq c,h fíiu ;=<;a ol=Kq w; isis,aa c,h fíiu ;=<;a
.s,ajd ál fõ,djla ;nd Tyqg oefkk foa
úia;r lsßug i,iajkak'
² bkamiq w;a fol tlajr u ldur WYak;ajfha we;s c,h
Ndckh ;=< we;s c,fha nyd ju;g yd ol=K;g oefkk
ixfõokhka meyeÈ,s lsÍug i,iajkak'
² ;j;a isiqka fofofkl=g tu l%shdj,sfha u ksr; j woyia
oelaùug i,iajkak'
² l%shdldrlug wod< j isiqka ;sfokdf.a woyia
úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
² m<uq wjia:dfõ § ol=K;g yd ju;g Ndck foflys
we;s WKqiqfï fjki y÷kd .; yels nj
² fojk wjia:dfõ § w;a folg tlu c,fha WKqiqu
ms<sn| fjkia ixfõokhla oefkk nj
² w;g oefkk ixfõokh Bg fmr w; yqrej mej;s
WKqiqï ;;a;ajh u; r|d mj;sk nj
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² ixfõokh WKqiqu uekSug iqÿiq l%uhla fkdjk nj
² n÷ka ;=fkys WKqiqu ms<sn| j isiqka ;sfokdg ,enqKq
ixfõok tlsfklg fjkia nj
² WKqiqu jeä ;ekl isg WKqiqu wvq ;ekla lrd ;dmh
.,d hk nj
² WKqiqu uekSu i|yd iqÿiq l%ufõohla yd WmlrK
Ndú;hg .; hq;= nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 4'1'2mshjr 4'1'2mshjr 4'1'2mshjr 4'1'2mshjr 4'1'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,aa lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 4'1'3 (mshjr 4'1'3 (mshjr 4'1'3 (mshjr 4'1'3 (mshjr 4'1'3 ( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² c, ñY%Kfha" øj báj, iy YÍrfha mj;sk WKqiqï
;;ajh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd WIaK;ajh kï rdYsh
fhdod .kakd nj
² WIaK;ajh uekSu i|yd WmlrKhla f,i øj- ùÿre
WIaK;ajudk Ndú; l< yels nj
² øj - ùÿre WIaK;ajudk ks¾udKh lsÍfï §
WIaK;ajudk øjh jYfhka riÈh iy uoHidr Ndú;
lrk nj
² WIaK;ajh uekSug fi,aishia fyj;a fikaáf.%aâ
mßudKh Ndú; l< yels nj
² fikaáf.%aâ mßudKhg wkqj WIaK;ajh 0C j,ska
m%ldY l< hq;= nj
² WIaK;ajh uekSug *erkayhsÜ mßudKh Ndú; l<
yels nj
² *erkayhsÜ mßudKhg wkqj WIaK;ajh 0F j,ska
m%ldY l< hq;= nj
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² WIaK;ajh uekSug úúO mrdi iys; WIaK;ajudk
we;s nj
² ffjoH WIaK;ajudkfha igyka jq WIaK;ajfhka
riÈh mg wdmiaig fkdhk mßÈ flaYsl isÿf¾ ishqï
keïula we;s nj
² fi,aishia mßudKh - 2730C isg 15000"0000C olajd
úysfok nj
² -2730C g wkqrem WIaK;ajh ksrfmalaI Y+kH f,i
y÷kajk nj
² -2730C ka mgka .kakd WIaK;aj mßudKh fl,aúka
mßudKh f,i y÷kajk nj
² WIaK;ajh uekSfï wka;¾cd;sl tallh fl,aúkh
^K& nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² WIaK;aj mßudK úia;r lrhs'
² jia;=jl fyda øjhl WIaK;ajh ksjerÈ j uekSug WIaK;ajudkhla wjYH nj
ms<s.kshs'
² .e,fmk WIaK;ajudkh f;dard .ksñka WIaK;ajh ksjerÈ j ukshs'
² f;dr;=re wdY%s; j kj iïnkaO;d fidhd .kshs'
² WmlrK ksjerÈ j mßyrKh lrhs'
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weuqKqu 4'1'1weuqKqu 4'1'1weuqKqu 4'1'1weuqKqu 4'1'1weuqKqu 4'1'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² úúO WIaK;ajudk Ndú;fhka WIaK;ajh uekSu yd tajd ms<sn| f;dr;=re fiùu i|yd
u;= i|yka ld¾hhka w;frka Tfí lKavdhug mejfrk ld¾hfhys ksr; jkak'
² c, ñY%Kfha WIaK;ajh uekSu
² báj, o%jdxlh uekSu
² YÍr WIaK;ajh uekSu
² Tng mejÍ we;s ld¾h i|yd wod< WmlrK fmdÿ fïifhka f;dard .kak'
² Tn f;dard .;a WIaK;ajudk fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
² WIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj weiqfrka tla tla WIaK;ajudkh iïnkaO j
f;dr;=re /ia lr .kak'
² Tng mjrd we;s ld¾hh i|yd iqÿiq WIaK;ajudkhla f;dard .kak'
² Tfí f;dard .ekSsug fya;= bÈßm;a lrkak'
² § we;s ;;a;aj hgf;a tu jia;=fõ$øjfha$øjHfha WIaK;ajh uek jd¾;d lrkak'
² WIaK;ajh uekSfï wka;¾cd;sl tallh ms<sn| f;dr;=re fidhkak'
² Tfí fidhd .ekSï iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 4'1'2 weuqKqu 4'1'2 weuqKqu 4'1'2 weuqKqu 4'1'2 weuqKqu 4'1'2
fmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² my; i|yka øjH yd WmlrK ;nd fmdÿ fïihla ilia lrkak'
² ^ 00 - 500&C uoHidr - ùÿre WIaK;ajudk ;=kla
² ^00 - 1000&C riÈh - ùÿre WIaK;ajudk ;=kla
² ^320 - 2120&F riÈh - ùÿre WIaK;ajudk ;=kla
² ffjoH WIaK;ajudkhla ^fikaáf.%aâ fyda *erkayhsÜ&
² weuqKqu 4'1'3 g we;=<;a WIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² äuhs lvodishla iy meiag,a
² 3$4la muK we,a c,h msrjQ 600ml îlrhla iy WKq c,h fldamamhla
muK imhkak'
² 1$3 muK báj,ska msrjq lelEreï k<hla" c, îlrhla" uka:hla
wdOdrlhla" f;mdjla iy odylhla imhkak'
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weuqKqu 4'1'3weuqKqu 4'1'3weuqKqu 4'1'3weuqKqu 4'1'3weuqKqu 4'1'3
WIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=reWIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=reWIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=reWIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=reWIaK;ajudk ms<sn| f;dr;=re
úoHd.dr lghq;= i|yd nyq, j Ndú; lrk WIaK;ajudkhla m<uq jeks rEm igyfka
oela fõ' >klï ùÿre l|lska o" isyska flaYsl k<hl fl<jr l=vd n,anhla isákfia o"
fuu WIaK;ajudk ks¾udKh lr we;' WIaK;ajudk øjh jYfhka riÈh Ndú; flf¾'
wvq WIaK;aj mrdihka uekSu i|yd WIaK;ajudk øjh jYfhka uoHidr Ndú; lrk
wjia:d we;'
4&
3&
riÈh
fi,aishiamßudKh
fl,aúkaamßudKh
ksrfmalaI Y+kH
ysref.a uOHfha
ysref.a u;=msg
pdm fj,aäul
oe,afjk n,anhl iQ;%sldj
øjdxlfha we;s hlvj,
nkaika oe,a,l
kgk c,fha
jd¾;d jQ jeäu jdhqf.da,ShWIaK;ajh uelaisfldaj&ñksia isref¾tlai;a rdcOdksfha WKqiqï Èkhl
øj jk whsiaj,
b;d iS;, Èkhl
riÈfha ysudxlh
jd¾;d jQ wju jdhqf.da,ShWIaK;ajh wekagd¾áldj&
Tlaiscka øj njg m;afjk
ksrfmalaI Y+kH
n,anh
riÈh
riÈh mg
1&ñksia isref¾ idudkH WIaK;ajh
2& ishqï keïu
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WIaK;ajh ueksh hq;= øjH$øjh WIaK;ajudk n,anfhka iam¾Y l< úg riÈh m%idrKh
jk neúka flaYsl isÿr Èf.a riÈh .uka lrhs' isÿf¾ b;sß fldgfia we;af;a ßla;hls'
WIaK;ajudk l%udxlkh lsÍu i|yd fkdfjkia j mj;sk WIaK;aj ;;a;aj folla Ndú;
flf¾' tajd wp, ,laIH f,i ye¢ka fõ'
my< wp, ,laIHh ( jdhqf.da,Sh mSvkh ^ 760 mmHg & hgf;a Èh fjñka mj;sk
whsiaj, WIaK;ajh my< wp, ,laIHh f,i fhdod f.k we;'
by< wp, ,laIHh ( jdhqf.da,sh mSvkh ^ 760 mmHg & hgf;a kgk c,fha yqud,fha
WIaK;ajh by< wp, ,laIHh f,i fhdod f.k we;'
WIaK;ajh uekSug nyq,j fhdod .kakd WIaK;aj mßudK folla we;' tajd kï fi,aishia
fyj;a fikaáf.%aâ mßudKh iy *erkayhsÜ mßudKhhs'
fikaáf.%aâ mßudKhg wkqj my< wp, ,laIHh 00 f,i o" by< wp, ,laIHh 1000 f,i
o f.k ta w;r mr;rh iudk fldgia ishhlg fnod we;' bka tl fldgila fikaáf.%aâ
wxYl 1la fõ' th 10 C f,i i|yka flf¾'
*erkayhsÜ mßudKhg wkqj my< wp, ,laIHh 320 f,i o" by< wp, ,laIHh 2120 f,i
o f.k ta w;r mr;rh iudk fldgia 180lg fnod we;' bka tl fldgila *erkayhsÜ
wxYl 1la fõ' th 10F f,i i|ykA flf¾ '
riÈhj, ysudxlh - 390C o ;dmdxlh 3570C o fõ' tuksid riÈh WIaK;ajudk ie,lsh
hq;= WIaK;aj mrdihla ;=< Ndú; l< yels h' uoHidrj, ysudxlh -1150C o ;dmdxlh
600C o fõ' tuksid uoHidr WIaK;ajudk wvq WIaK;aj ;;a;aj uekSug Ndú; l< yels
jqj o jeä WIaK;aj ;;a;ajhka uekSug Ndú; l< fkdyels h'
fo jk rEm igyfka fmkajd we;af;a ffjoH WIaK;ajudkhls' fuh ñksia isref¾
WIaK;ajh uekSug Ndú; lrk úfYaI j¾.fha riÈh WIaK;ajudkhls' tys mßudKh
ñksia isref¾ idudkH WIaK;ajh jk 370C g jvd wxYl lsysmhla fomig isák mßÈ
ilia lr we;' WIaK;ajudkfha n,anhg uola Tífnka flaYsl isÿf¾ ishqï keïula we;'
t uÕska bÈßhg .sh riÈh mg kej; n,anh ;=<g hEu j<lajhs' tuksid WIaK;ajudkh
frda.shdf.a láka msg;g .;a miq j WIaK;aj mdGdxlh lshùug mq`Mjk' kej; Ndú;
lrk úg riÈh mg keïfuka wdmiaig heùu i|yd WIaK;ajudkh fyd¢ka .eiaish hq;=
h'
fi,aishia mßudKhg wkqj WIK;aj mrdihla ;=ka fjks rEm igyfka fmkajd we;'
igyka jk wju WIaK;ajh -2730C la fõ' fuu WIaK;ajfhka wdrïN jk WIaK;aj
mßudKhla we;' tu WIaKa;j mßudKh fl,aúka mßudKh f,i ye¢kafõ' tu mßudKhg
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wkqj WIaK;ajh fl,aúkaj,ska ukskq ,efí' th K wlaIrfhka ixfla;j;a fõ'
-2730C } OK fõ' fuu WIaK;ajh ksrfmalaI Y+kH f,i o ye¢kafõ' WIaK;ajh uekSfï
wka;¾cd;sl tallh K fõ' fi,aishia mßudKhg wkqj Wmßu WIaK;ajh 15"000"0000Cfõ' th ysref.a uOHfha WIaK;ajhhs'
fi,aishia mßudKfha;a" fl,aúka mßudKfha;a WIaK;aj ;;a;aj lsysmhla y;r fjks rEm
igyfka fmkajd we;'
WIaK;ajudkhla Ndú; lsÍfï § th l%udxlkh lr we;s WIaK;aj mrdih ;=< muKla
WIaK;ajh ueksug fhdod .; hq;= h' WIaK;ajh wod< mrdih blaujd .shfyd;a
WIaK;ajudkhg ydks isÿ úh yels h' fkdokakd WIaK;ajhla uekSfï § wdrlaIdj i|yd
m<uq j jeä mrdihla iys; WIaK;ajudkhla Ndú; lr" bka miqj wod< WIaK;ajhg
.e,fmk mrdihla we;s WIaK;ajudkhla Ndú; lsÍu jvd;a fhda.Hh'
wvq WIaK;aj m%udK uekSfï § wod< mrdihg .e,fmk WIaK;ajudkhla f;dard .ekSfuka
WIaK;ajh jvd ksrjoH j ueksh yels h'
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ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( ( ( ( ( ;dmc Yla;sh uekSfï yd ixl%duKh lsÍfï l%u
Ndú;hg .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( ( ( ( ( jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrhs'jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrhs'jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrhs'jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrhs'jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 4'2l%shdldrlu 4'2l%shdldrlu 4'2l%shdldrlu 4'2l%shdldrlu 4'2 ( ( ( ( ( WKqiqfï fjki ;=<ska ;dm m%udKh fidhd .ksuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ( ( ( ( ( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 4'2'1g we;=<;a l%shdldrlu i|yd wjYH WmlrK
² weuqKqu 4'2'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 4'2'3 g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< fmdoq
fïih
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjr 4'2'1 mshjr 4'2'1 mshjr 4'2'1 mshjr 4'2'1 mshjr 4'2'1 ((((( ² weuqKqu 4'2'1 wegjqu mka;shg bosrsm;a lrkak'
² WIak;ajudkj, mdGdxl lshjd mka;shg fmfkk mßÈ
igyka lsÍug isiqka ;sfofkl= fhdojkak
² l=vd c, îlr fol WKq c, n\qk ;=, tlúg .s,ajkak'
² ksYaÑ; ld,hlg miq A, B,C WIaK;ajudkj, mdGdxl
lshjd uq,a mdGdxl háka fojk mdGdxl f,i ms<sfj,ska
igyka lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrjkak'
² A, B WIaK;ajudkj, igykajk WIaK;aj jeä$wvq
ùïj,g fya;= isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² wdrïNfha § A yd B îlrj, WIaK;ajh iudk jQ nj
² WKq c,h iys; fødaksldfõ ;enQ úg A yd B ys
WIaK;aj by< hdu wdrïN jQ nj
² B ys WIaK;ajh jeä ùu fõ.j;a jk nj
² A yd B îlr fofl ys we;s c, ialkaOj, fjki"
WIaK;ajh jeä ùfï fjkig fya;= úh yels nj
² ;dmh" WIaK;ajh jeä ;ekl isg WIak;ajh wvq
;ekla olajd ixl%ukh jk Yla;s m%fNAohla jk nj
² c,fødaKsldj u.ska ;dmh msg lsÍu ksid tys
WIaK;ajh wvq jk nj
² wjg mßirhg isÿ jk ;dm ydksh wju lr .ekSug
ms<shï fhÈh yels nj
² jia;=jlska ,nd .kakd fyda msg lrk ;dm m%udKh
flfrys n,mdk idOl fidhd ne,Su wjYH jk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 4'2'2mshjr 4'2'2mshjr 4'2'2mshjr 4'2'2mshjr 4'2'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 4'2'3mshjr 4'2'3mshjr 4'2'3mshjr 4'2'3mshjr 4'2'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq wjia:dj
fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² ksYaÑ; ;dm m%Njhla ld, tall foll§ ckkh lrk
;dm m%udKh ld, tall tll § ckkh lrk ;dm
m%udKh fuka fo.=Khla nj
² tlu øjHfha úúO ialkaOj, WIaK;ajh iudk
m%udKhlska by< kexùug .; jk ld, mrdihka
wiudk nj
² øjHfha ialkaOh jeä lrk úg WIaK;ajh iudk
m%udKhlska by< kexùug ,nd Èh hq;= ;dm m%udKh"
ialkaOhg iudkqmd;sl j jeä jk nj ^Q ∝ m nj&
² úúO øjHj, iudk ialkaOj, WIaK;ajh iudk
m%udKhlska by< kexùug .; jk ld,h fjkia jk
nj
² øjHl tall ialkaOhl WIaK;ajh
fl,aúka$fi,Aishia wxYl tllska by< kexùug ,nd
Èh hq;= ;dm m%udKh tu øjH fha úYsIag ;dm
Odß;djh f,i w¾: oelafjk nj
² øjHj, úYsIag ;dm Odß;dj jeä jk úg iudk
ialkaOj, WIaK;ajh iudk m%udKhlska by<
kexùug ,nd Èh hq;= ;dm m%udKh úYsIag ;dm Odß;d
w.hg iudkqmd;sl j jeä jk nj Q ∝ c nj&
² tlu øjHfha ksh; ialkaOhla fjkia WIaK;aj
mrdij,g r;a lsÍug .; jk ld,h fjkia jk nj
² ksh; ialkaOhlska hq;a tl u øjHhl jeä jk
WIaK;aj mrdihg iudkqmd;sl j ,nd Èh hq;= ;dm
m%udKh jeä jk nj Q ∝ θ nj&
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² jia;=jla u.ska ,nd .kakd fyda msglrk ;dm m%udKh
tys
² ialkaOh
² úYsIaG ;dm Odrs;dj
² WIak;aj fjki u; r\ mj;sk nj
² Q = mcθ jk nj
² ;dm m%udKh ^Q& uekSfï ñkqï tallh cq,h ^J& f,i
oelaúh hq;= nj
² úYsIag ;dm Odß;dfõ ñkqï tallh fl,aúkhg
lsf,da.a?uhg cQ, Jkg -1 K-1 & f,i oelaúh hq;= nj
² jia;=jl WIaK;ajh 1 K lska by< kexùSug wjYH
;dm m%udKh jia;=fõ ;dm Odrs;dj f,i y|qkajk nj
² ;dmOdß;dfõ ñkqï tallh fl,ajskhg cQ, ^J K-1&
f,i oelaúh hq;= nj
² øjH i;= úYsIag ;dmOdß;d .=K tÈfkod ðú;fha
isÿùï yd Ndú;j, § fhdod .efkk nj
² ;dm m%udKh .Kkh lsÍfï l=i,;d m%.=K l< hq;=
nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh flfrys n,mdk idOl m%ldY lrhs'
² ;dmh yd iïnkaO øjH Ndú;fha § úYsIag ;dm Odß;d ms<sn| oekqu wjYH nj
ms<s.kshs'
² wjYH o;a; ,nd ÿka úg ;dm m%udKh ksjerÈ j .Kkh lrhs'
² msiSfï § bkaOk wrmsßuisk n÷ka Ndú;hg fhdackd bÈßm;a lrhs'
² ksÍlaIK yd o;a; mokï lr .ksñka ksjerÈ ks.ukj,g t<efò'
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weuqKqu 4'2'1weuqKqu 4'2'1weuqKqu 4'2'1weuqKqu 4'2'1weuqKqu 4'2'1
² iudk îlr folla f.k bka tllg 100 ml la o wfklg 50 ml la o ne.ska isis,a
c,h mqrjkak'
² ms<sfj,ska tu îlr folg A yd B WIaK;ajudk we;=`M lrkak'
² úYd, c,fødaKsldjl$fíiul WKqiqï c,h wvla muK mqrjkak'
Α Β Α Β C
wdOdrl
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weuqKqu 4'2'2weuqKqu 4'2'2weuqKqu 4'2'2weuqKqu 4'2'2weuqKqu 4'2'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² jia;=jla ,nd .kakd ;dm m%udKh my; oelafjk idOl wkqj fjkia jk whqre
fidhd ne,Su Tng mejf¾
² ;dmh ,nd.kakd ialkaOh;dmh ,nd.kakd ialkaOh;dmh ,nd.kakd ialkaOh;dmh ,nd.kakd ialkaOh;dmh ,nd.kakd ialkaOh
² ;dmh ,nd .kakd o%jH;dmh ,nd .kakd o%jH;dmh ,nd .kakd o%jH;dmh ,nd .kakd o%jH;dmh ,nd .kakd o%jH
² jia;=j m;ajk WIak;aj wka;rhjia;=j m;ajk WIak;aj wka;rhjia;=j m;ajk WIak;aj wka;rhjia;=j m;ajk WIak;aj wka;rhjia;=j m;ajk WIak;aj wka;rh
² Tng wod< ld¾h i|yd wjYH øjH yd WmlrK fmdÿ fïifhka f;dard .kak'
² Tng mejfrk idOlh fjkia lrñka b;sß idOl fol ksh;j ;nd f.k ;dmh ,nd
fokak'
² ;dmh ,nd §ug .;jk ld,hka uek .kak'
² ;dmlh lsishï ld,hla ;=, ,nd ÿka ;dm m%udKh ;dmh ,nd ÿka ld,hg iudkqmd;sl
nj i<lkak'
² ,nd ÿka ;dm m%udKh iy Tng ,eî we;s idOlh w;r iïnkaOhla mj;skafka oehs
fidhd ne,Su i|yd lKavdhu ;=, idlÉPdjla f.dv k`.kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsßug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 4'2'3weuqKqu 4'2'3weuqKqu 4'2'3weuqKqu 4'2'3weuqKqu 4'2'3
fmdÿ fïih iliA lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih iliA lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih iliA lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih iliA lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih iliA lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
² u;= i|yka WmlrK yd øjH we;=<;a fmdÿ fïihla ilia lrkak'
² îlrhla 400 ml & ;=kla
² WIaK;ajudka ^0 - 1000C& ;=kla
² f;o~q ;=,d$;eá ;=,d$uqM;ekaf.hs ;rdÈ ;=kla
² ;dm m%Nj nkaika odyl$iam%S;= ,dïmq & ;=kla
² ld,h uekSug Trf,daiqjla ^w;a Trf,daiq$úrdu >áld& ;=kla
² c,h
² .sks fmÜá
² fmd,af;,a jeks úYsIag ;dm Odß;dj fjkia
øjhla
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ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0ksmqK;dj 4'0 ((((( ;dmc Yla;sh uekSfï yd ixl%dukh lsrSfï l%u
Ndú;hg .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3 ((((( ;dmc Yla;sh ld¾hlaIu j fhdod .kshs';dmc Yla;sh ld¾hlaIu j fhdod .kshs';dmc Yla;sh ld¾hlaIu j fhdod .kshs';dmc Yla;sh ld¾hlaIu j fhdod .kshs';dmc Yla;sh ld¾hlaIu j fhdod .kshs'
l%shdldrlu 4'3l%shdldrlu 4'3l%shdldrlu 4'3l%shdldrlu 4'3l%shdldrlu 4'3 ((((( ;dmc ixl%udKh isÿjkafka flfia oehs fidhuq' n,uq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 4'3'1g we;=<;a msúiqï Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;la
² weuqKqu 4'3'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 4'3'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h mßY%
;=kla'
² weuqKqu 4'3'4g we;=<;a ;dm ixl%duKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re
m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=khs'
² rn¾ fnda, myla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjr 4'3'1 mshjr 4'3'1 mshjr 4'3'1 mshjr 4'3'1 mshjr 4'3'1 ((((( ² weuqKqu 4'3'1 l%shdldrlfuys isiqka ksr; lrjkak'
² isiqka fhdod .kakd l%u l`M,E,af,ys igyka lsÍug
Wmfoia fokak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
² m<uq l%uhg fnda,h udre lsÍfï § fnda,h w;sk;
.uka lrk w;r isiqka isá ;ek u bkakd nj
² fojk l%ufha § fnda,h" th w;e;s isiqjd o iuÕ
bÈßfha isg miqmi olajd .uka l< nj
² f;jk l%ufha § w;rueÈ isiqkaf.a iyNd.s;ajhla
fkdue;s j fnda,h wdrïNl ia:dkfha isg wjidkh
olajd .uka lrk nj
² ;dmh .uka lsÍfï §;a ixl%duKfha§;a & fï wdldrfhka
úúO l%u Ndú;hg .kafkaoehs fidhd ne,sh yels nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 4'3'2mshjr 4'3'2mshjr 4'3'2mshjr 4'3'2mshjr 4'3'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
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mshjr 4'3'3mshjr 4'3'3mshjr 4'3'3mshjr 4'3'3mshjr 4'3'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq wjia:dj
fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² hlv oKafâ oe,a,g wdikakfha ;snQ bá ìkaÿj m<uqfjka
o bkamiq B<Õ bá ìkaÿj o f,i l%ufhka øjùfuka
w,afmfk;a;s .e,ù .sh nj
² hlv oKafâ r;a jQ fl<jf¾ isg wfkla fl<jr olajd
;dmh ixl%uKh ù we;s nj
² udOHhl wxY=j, p,khla fkdue;sj wxY= ;=<ska tla;rd
ÈYdjlg ;dmh ixl%uKh ùu ;dm ikakhkh f,i
y÷kajk nj
² ,S oKav ;=<ska ;dmh .uka fkd lrk ksid bá øj ùu
isÿ fkdjqkq nj
² ;dmh .uka fkd lrk øjH ;dm mßjdrl f,i y÷kajk
nj
² oe,a jQ y÷kal+frka msg jk ÿï fnda;,h ;=,g .uka l<
nj
² oe,a, wi, ;snQ jd;h r;a ùu ksid >k;ajh wvq ù
by<g .uka lrk nj
² øj jQ fldkaäia leg r;a jSu ksid >k;ajh wvq ù by<g
.uka lrk nj
² >k;ajh wvq jk wxY= by,g .uka lrk úg by< we;s
>k;ajh jeä wxY= my<g .uka lrk nj iy tu pl%Sh
l%shdj,sh ixjyk Odrd f,i kï lrk nj
² r;a ùu ksid by<g p,kh jk jd; wxY= iy øj wxY=
uÕska ;dmh ixl%uKh jk nj
² wxY= .uka lrñka ;dmh ixl%uKh ùu ;dm ixjykh
f,i y÷kajk nj
² udOHfha wxY=j, iyNd.s;ajhla fkdue;sj tla ia:dkhl
isg ;j;a ia:dkhlg ;dmh ixl%uKh ùu ;dm úlsrKh
kï jk nj
² ffoksl ðú;fha uq`M;ekaf.hs msiSfï lghq;= jeks
wjia:dj, È ;dm ikakhkh M,odhS f,i Ndú;hg
.kakd nj
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² jdhqf.da,fha we;s jk ixjyk Odrd mßirfha isÿ jk
f.dviq<x" uqyqÿ iq<x iy ld,.=K fjkia ùï jeks
ixisoaëka flfrys n,mdk nj
² mDÓú lfnd,g we;=,;ska ;sfnk ú,hkh jQ mdIdK
;=, yg .kakd ixjyk Odrd fya;=fjka N+ ia:r p,kh
ùu iy N+ñlïmd we;s jk nj
² ysia wjldYhla yryd iQ¾h ;dmh fmdf<djg m;s; jkafka
úlsrKfhka nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² ;dmc ixl%duK isÿ jk l%u ;=k meyeÈ,s lrhs'
² mßirfha isÿ jk ;dmc ixl%duKhka ffcjf.da,fha meje;au i|yd jeo.;a jk nj
ms<s.kshs'
² ;dmc ixl%duKh wdo¾Ykh i|yd iqÿiq wegjqï ilia lrhs'
² wjg mßirfha we;s jk ixisoaê meyeÈ,s lsÍug fya;= idOl u;= lrhs'
² iajdNdúl ixisoaë ;¾ldkql+,j ú.%y lrhs
weuqKqu 4'3'1weuqKqu 4'3'1weuqKqu 4'3'1weuqKqu 4'3'1weuqKqu 4'3'1
² mx;sfha isiqka fma,s lsysmhlg isgqjd ;nkak' my; ksoiqfka mßÈ&
.=rejrhd
⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ ⊗ × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × ×
² bosrsfhka u isák isiqjd kdhlhd f,i kï lrkak'
² kdhlhdg rn¾ fnda,h ,nd § th wjidkhg u isák isiqjd w;g m;a lsÍug Wmfoia
fokak'
² tla tla lKavdhu ta i|yd fhdod .kakd Wml%uh l`M,E,af,a igyka lrjkak'
Wod(- tla tla isiqjd yryd fnda,h w;ska w; heùu hkdÈ f,i
² isiqka fhdod .;a l%u idlÉPd lsÍfï § my; oelafjk m%Odk l%u ;=k biau;= lrjkak'
² tla tla YsIHhd yryd fnda,h w;ska w; msgqmi YsIHhd olajd heùu'
² kdhlhd fnda,h w;ska f.k wka;su YsIHhd olajd weúo f.diska$ÿj f.k f.diska
fnda,h ,nd §u'
² kdhlhd w; we;s fnda,h fl,ska u wjidk isiqjd fj; Wäka úislsÍu$ìu Èf.a
heùu'
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weuqKqu 4'3'2weuqKqu 4'3'2weuqKqu 4'3'2weuqKqu 4'3'2weuqKqu 4'3'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² ;dm ixl%duKh isÿjk wdldrh ms<sn| fidhd ne,Su i|yd u;= i|yka ld¾hhka
w;frka Tfí lKavdhug mejfrk ld¾hfhys ksr; jkak'
² o~q ;=<ska ;dmh .uka lsrSu'
² jd;h ;=<ska ;dmh .uka lsrSu'
² c,h ;=<ska ;dmh .uka lsrSu'
² Tn lKavdhug imhd we;s WmlrK yd øjH fyd¢ka mÍlaId lrkak'
² Tng mejÍ we;s ld¾hh bgq lsÍu i|yd imhd we;s WmlrK yd øjH weiqfrka iqÿiq
wegjqula ilia lrkak'
² .=re;=ud$.=re;=ñhg Tn ilia l< wegjqu fmkajkak'
² wegjqu l%shd;aul lr Tfí ksÍlaIK igyka lr .kak'
² ksÍlaIK weiqfrka t<efUk ks.uk igyka lr .kak'
² Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
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weuqKqu 4'3'3weuqKqu 4'3'3weuqKqu 4'3'3weuqKqu 4'3'3weuqKqu 4'3'3
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
² mjrk,o ld¾hhka wkqj tla tla ld¾h mßY%j, fïihla u; my; i|yka WmlrK
yd øjH lÜg, ;nkak'
² .=rejrhdf.a myiqj i|yd wfmalaIs; wegjqfï o< ie,iqula o olajd we; th isiqkg
§u i|yd fkdjk nj i,lkak'
² m<uqjk ld¾hh i|yd
² 30 cm muK È. hlv l+rla
² by; hlvhg iudk È. yd yrialv
iys; oeä ,S oKavla
² we,afmfk;a;s
² f,dl= bámkaoï folla
² iam%S;= ,dïmq folla
² wdOdrl folla
² ldâfndaâ lE,s folla
² lvodis iy mekai,a
² fojk ld¾hh i|yd
² cEï fnda;,hla
² T yevhg lemq ldâfndaâ ;yvqjla
² bámkaoï lene,a,la
² nlÜ lïì lE,a,la
² y÷kal+re yhla
² .sksfmÜáhla
² ;=kajk ld¾hh i|yd
² jg wä ma,dial=jla
² f;mdj$lïì oe,
² c,h
² iam%S;=,dïmqjla
² fldkaäia iaMál lsysmhla
² l=vd Bhï fnda,hla yd fld, lene,a,la
bá ìkaÿ hlvh
w,afmfk;a;s
iam%S;=,dïmqj
,S oKav
wdOdrlh ldâfndaâ ;eáh
oe,ajQy÷kal+re
cEïfnda;,h
oe,a jQ bámkaou
T yevfhaldâfndaâlene,a,
Bhï fld,fhaT;d we;sfldkaäia leá
c,h
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weuqKqu 4'3'4weuqKqu 4'3'4weuqKqu 4'3'4weuqKqu 4'3'4weuqKqu 4'3'4
;dm ixl%duKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj;dm ixl%duKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj;dm ixl%duKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj;dm ixl%duKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj;dm ixl%duKh ms<sn| f;dr;=re m;%sldj
² øjHhla ;=<ska ;dmh .uka lsßfï È øjHfha wxY=j, msysàu fjkia fkdù wxY=fjka
wxY=jg ;dmc ixl%duKh isÿ ùu ;dm ikakhkh f,i ye¢kafõ' iuyr øjH yryd
;dmh fyd¢ka .uka lrhs' tajd ;dm ikakdhl;dm ikakdhl;dm ikakdhl;dm ikakdhl;dm ikakdhl f,i ye¢ka fõ' ;dmh b;d ÿn, f,i
.uka lrk tajd ;dm mßjdrl;dm mßjdrl;dm mßjdrl;dm mßjdrl;dm mßjdrl f,i ye¢kafõ'
² øjj, yd jdhqj, WIaK;ajh jeäùfï § tajd m%idrKh fõ' túg >k;ajh wvq ùu ksid
r;a jQ øj yd jdhqj, wxY= by< k.S' túg by<ska msysá øj yd jdhqj, wxY= my< niS'
fuf,i isÿ jk ;dmc ixl%duK l%uh ixjykh f,i ye¢ka fõ'
² WKqiqï jia;=j,ska wfOdarla; úlsrK wdldrhg ;dmh msg;g .,d hhs' tajd wdf,dalfha
fõ.hg iudk fõ.hlska .uka lrhs' ;dm úlsrK .uka lsÍu i|yd udOHhla wjYH
fkdfõ' iQ¾hhdf.a isg mDÓúhg ;dmc ixl%duKh isÿ jkafka o wfOdarla; úlsrK
(Infrared rediation) Tiafia h'
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ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( ( ( ( ( úoHq;h iïnkaO ixisoaê yd uQ,O¾u tÈfkod ðú;fha §
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ((((( úoHq;a wdfrdamK ksmojd .nvd lrhs'úoHq;a wdfrdamK ksmojd .nvd lrhs'úoHq;a wdfrdamK ksmojd .nvd lrhs'úoHq;a wdfrdamK ksmojd .nvd lrhs'úoHq;a wdfrdamK ksmojd .nvd lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'1l%shdldrlu 5'1l%shdldrlu 5'1l%shdldrlu 5'1l%shdldrlu 5'1 ((((( úoaHq;a wdfrdamk y\qkd .ksuq' .nvd lruq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 5'1'1g we;=<;a wdo¾Ykj,g wjYH WmlrK
² weuqKqu 5'1'2g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 5'1'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< fmdÿ fïih
² weuqKqu 5'1'4g we;=<;a f;dr;=re m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 5'1'1mshjr 5'1'1mshjr 5'1'1mshjr 5'1'1mshjr 5'1'1 ( ( ( ( ( ² weuqKqu 5'1'1 ys oelafjk l%shdldrlï mka;shg bÈßm;a
lrkak'
² isiqkaf.a ksÍlaIK yd w;aoelSï úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² msïnQ neÆkh f,dau froafoka msßue§fuka thg
wdfrdamkhla ,enqk nj
² neÆkh ,nd.;a wdfrdamk ksid fifuka jefgk c,
wxY= u; n,hla we;s l< nj
² msßisÿ îu ngh ßðf*daï j,ska msßue§fuka thg
wdfrdamkhla ,enqk nj
² îu ng wdfrdamKh ùu ksid tajd mqjrej u; we,S isák
nj
² hï øjH tlsfkl msßue§fuka wdfrdamKh jk nj
² Ndú; lrk øjH w;ßka mßjdrl .=K we;s øjH y÷kd
.; hq;= nj
² wdfrdamK wkdjrKh lr.; yels nj
² icd;Sh yd úcd;Sh wdfrdamKj, yeisÍï iajNdjh
wOHhkh l< yels nj
² jia;= wdfrdamKh lrk wdldr yd tajd r|jd ;nd .kakd
wdldr ms<sn|j fidhd ne,Su m%fhdackj;a jk nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 5'1'2mshjr 5'1'2mshjr 5'1'2mshjr 5'1'2mshjr 5'1'2 ((((( ² mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
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² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 5'1'3mshjr 5'1'3mshjr 5'1'3mshjr 5'1'3mshjr 5'1'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq wjia:dj
fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² ia:s;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK wdY%s; mÍlaIKj, § wjg jd;h
úh<s j ;sîu wjYH nj
² f;,a l=Kq" ÿú,s" ,jK fjk;a mg,j,ska f;dr úh hq;=
nj
² mßjdrl øjH tlsfkl msßue§fï § bf,lafg%dak bj;a
ùula fyda ,nd .ekSula iy bf,lafg%dak r|jd .kakd
ld,h ;rula §¾> ùula isÿ jk nj
² wdfrdamK Ok iy RK f,i we;s jk nj
² tl u j¾.fha wdfrdamK icd;Sh wdfrdamK kï jk nj
iy úreoaO j¾.fha wdfrdamK úcd;Sh wdfrdamK kï
jk nj
² wdfrdams; jia;=jla iajrKm;% úoHq;a o¾Ylh wi,g
f.kú;a o¾Ylh wdfrdamKh lsÍu fm% arKfhka
wdfrdamKh lsÍu f,i y÷kajk nj
² fm%arKfhka wdfrdamKh lsÍfï § wdfrdams; jia;=fõ ;snQ
wdfrdamKhg úreoaO wdfrdamKh o¾Ylhg ,efnk nj
² wdfrdams; o¾Ylh wi,g tu wdfrdamk j¾.hu we;s oKa
v f.k wd úg o¾Ylfha m;% wmirkh jeä jQ nj
² icd;Sh wdfrdamk w;r úl¾IKhla mj;sk nj
² wdfrdams; o¾Ylh wi,g úreoaO wdfrdams; oKav f.k wd
úg m;% wmirkh wvq jQ nj
² úcd;Sh wdfrdamk w;r wdl¾IKhla mj;sk nj
² wdfrd ams; jia;=jla yd mDÓúh w;r ikakdhl
iïnkaO;djhla we;s lsÍu N+ .; lsÍu kï jk nj
² iaj¾Km;% úoHq;a o¾Ylfha ;eáh u; w; ;enQ úg
N+ .; iïnkaOhla we;s jk nj
² wdfrdams; jia;=jla N+ .; lsÍfuka tys ;snQ wdfrdamKh
WodiSk l< yels nj
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² iaÓ;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK uq,O¾u Ndú; lrñka b;d
m%fhdackj;a ks¾udK lr we;s nj
² wl=Kq ikakdhl
² iaÓ;s úoHq;a wjlafIaml
² f*dfgda fldms hka;%h
² iqlaIu iaÓ;s úoHq;a ;Ska; bisk l%uh
² ANTISTATIC øjH" Y,Hd.dr" uhsfl%d Ñmaia
fjf<| i,aj, Ndú;h we÷ï" fmd<j ieliSug&
² bkaOk iïfm%aIK fmdïmj, f,dayuh má uÕska N+.;
lsÍï lr we;s nj
² fmÜr,a njqi¾j, N+.; lsÍug f,day oïje,a fhdod we;s
nj
² wyfia we;s j<dl=`M p,kh ùu ksid tajdfha wdfrdamK
talrdYs jk nj
² wêl f,i wdfrdamK talrdYS ùfuka wl=Kq myr we;s
úh yels nj
² wl=Kq myrj,ska wdrCId ùu i|yd wl=Kq ikakdhl fhdod
.kakd nj
² wl=Kq ikakdhlj, l%shdldß;ajh wOHhkh lsÍu jeo.;a
nj
² wl=Kq we;s jk ld,j, wdrlaIs; Wml%u wkq.ukh l<
hq;= nj
² m%dfhda.sl j wdfrdamK .nvd lsÍu i|yd úoHq;a Odß;%l
fhdod .kakd nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² iaÓ;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK j¾. kï lrhs'
² m%fhdackj;a f,i yd b;d wk;=reodhl f,i;a iaÓ;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK yeisfrk nj
ms<s.kshs'
² wjYH wdfrdamK j¾.h wdo¾Ykhg iqÿiq øjH Ndú; lrhs'
² imhd we;s Wmfoia wkqj lghq;= lr wjYH;d bgq lr .kshs'
² iajNdúl ixisoaëka tÈfkod wjYH;djka imqrd .ekSu i|yd yiqrejhs'
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weuqKqu 5'1'1weuqKqu 5'1'1weuqKqu 5'1'1weuqKqu 5'1'1weuqKqu 5'1'1
l%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlu I
wjYH øjHwjYH øjHwjYH øjHwjYH øjHwjYH øjH ( ² mhsmamhlska je.sfrk l=vd c, Odrdjla
² yq<x mqrjd .eg .eiQ ne¨ka 2la muK
² f,dau$ma,ek,a frÈ lvla
l%uhl%uhl%uhl%uhl%uh ( ² c, myr fifuka jefgkakg i,iajkak'
² msïnQ ne¨kh f,dau froafoka fyd¢ka fiñka msßuÈkak'
² ne¨kh c, myr wi,g u f.fkkak'
( ² ksÍlaIKh l< foa ,shd .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'
l%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlul%shdldrlu II
wjYH øjHwjYH øjHwjYH øjHwjYH øjHwjYH øjH ( ² msßisÿ îu ng mka;shg u we;s ;rug fokak'
² l=vd frðf*daï len,s lsysmhla imhkak'
² úYd, cfk,a ùÿrejla fyda jhsÜ fnda¾â tlla ¥ú,s msi
oud t,a,d ;nkak'
² frðf*daïj,ska fyd¢ka msßuÈk ,o îu ngh mqjrefõ
hï;ï ;nd w;a yßkak' tfia wka wh;a iuÕ fï jpk
idokak' îu ng msßueo fnda¾â tfla ;nkak'
TATA MAT EAT EXIT TIT NET IT
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weuqKqu 5'1'2euqKqu 5'1'2euqKqu 5'1'2euqKqu 5'1'2euqKqu 5'1'2
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² icd;Sh wdfrdamk w;r n,mEu" úcd;Sh wdfrdamk w;r n,mEu iy wdfrdamk .uka
.kakd udOh ms<sn\j fidhd ne,Su i\yd u;= oelafjk ld¾hhka f.ka tll fh§u
Tn lKavdhug mejf¾
² iaj¾K m;% úoaHq;a o¾Ylh Ok f,i wdfrdamkh lr wdfrdams; jia;= mÍlaId lsÍsu
² iaj¾K m;% úoaHq;a o¾Ylh iDK f,i wdfrdamkh lr wdfrdams; jia;= mÍlaId lsÍsu
² fmdÿ fïih fj; f.dia Tng wod< øjH yd WmlrK f;dard .kak'
² § we;s okav wod< frÈ lene,af,ka msßue§fï § oKavg ,efnk wdfrdamkh lshùï
m;%sldfjka ,nd .kak'
² iaj¾k m;% úoaHq;a o¾Ylhg wod< wdfrdamk j¾.h ,nd §u i\yd iqÿiq wdfrdamkh
§ we;s oKavlg ,nd .kak'
² f;dr;=re m;%sldfõ oelafjk wdldrhg o¾Ylh wdfrdamkh lr .kak'
² mrsjdrl ovq follg úcd;Sh wdfrdamk ,nd .kak'
² icd;Sh wdfrdamk w;r n,mEu fln\q oehs fidhd n,kak'
² úcd;Sh wdfrdamk w;r n,mEu fln\q oehs fidhd n,kak'
² o¾Ylfha we;s wdfrdamk bj;a l< yels udOHhla § we;s øjH w;ßka w;rska f;dard
.kak'
² Tnf.a wkdjrK wdl¾YKSh f,i mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
weuqKqu 5'1'3euqKqu 5'1'3euqKqu 5'1'3euqKqu 5'1'3euqKqu 5'1'3
fmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ilia lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
² u;= i|yka WmlrK iy øjH we;=<;a lÜg, folla fmdÿ fïih u; ;nkak'
² iaj¾Km;% úoHq;a o¾Ylh
² weuqKqu 5'1'4g we;=<;a f;dr;=re m;%sldfõ msgm;la
² *riafmlaia$ùÿre oKavla iy fiao frÈ lene,a,la
² fmd,s;Ska$wel%,Ska oKavla iy f,dau frÈ lene,a,la
² f,day oKavla ldnka l+rla iy f.kao.ï lene,a,la
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weuqKqu 5'1'4euqKqu 5'1'4euqKqu 5'1'4euqKqu 5'1'4euqKqu 5'1'4
ia:s;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK yd tajdfha Ndú;hka ms<sn| f;dr;=reia:s;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK yd tajdfha Ndú;hka ms<sn| f;dr;=reia:s;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK yd tajdfha Ndú;hka ms<sn| f;dr;=reia:s;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK yd tajdfha Ndú;hka ms<sn| f;dr;=reia:s;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK yd tajdfha Ndú;hka ms<sn| f;dr;=re
² iaj¾Km;iaj¾Km;iaj¾Km;iaj¾Km;iaj¾Km;% úoHq;a o¾Ylh fm%arKfhka wdfrdamKh lsÍu'
² imhd we;s iaj¾Km;% úoHq;a o¾Ylh - mßjdrl o~q - we;s,a,Sug .kakd frÈ ¥ú,s -
f;,a l=Kq - ,jK wdÈfhka f;drj;a fyd¢ka úh<sj;a ;sìh hq;= h'
² wdfrdamK .ekaùfï mshjr u;= oelafõ'
² wdfrdams; oKav úoHq;a o¾Yl ;eáh wi,g f.k tkak'
² iaj¾Km;% wmirKh úh hq;= h' fkdjkafka kï kej; lrkak'
² oKav tf,iu ;nd o¾Ylfha ;eáh weÕs,af,ka w,a,d N+.; lrkak' túg
iaj¾Km;% yelsf,hs'
² oeka oKav tf,i u ;nd weÕs,a, bj;g .kak'
² miqj oKav o bj;a lrkak'
² iaj¾Km;% kej; wmirKh ù tf,i u mj;S'
² iaj¾K m;% úoaHq;a o¾Ylhg oKafâ ;snQ wdfrdamkhg úreoaO wdfrdamkh ,efí'
øjH iuyrla wdfrdamKh jk wdldr y÷kd .kak'
² fmd,s;Ska f,dau fmd,s;Ska RK f,i f,dau frÈ
froafoka msßueoao úg wdfrdamKh fõ Ok f,i wdfrdamKh fõ
² m'iafmlaia fiaoj,ska fiao RK f,i m'iafmlaia
msßueoao úg wdfrdamKh fõ Ok f,i wdfrdamKh fõ
² fi,shqf,daia weisfÜÜ fi,shqf,daia weisfÜÜ fiao Ok f,i
m;=re fiaoj,ska RK f,i wdfrdamKh fõ wdfrdamKh fõ
msßueoao úg
² ùÿre fiaoj,ska fiao RK f,i ùÿre Ok f,i
msßueoao úg wdfrdamKh fõ wdfrdamKh fõ
tla i;H l;djlatla i;H l;djlatla i;H l;djlatla i;H l;djlatla i;H l;djla
fpdl,Ü l¾udka; Yd,djl .nvdjla ;=< fpdl,Ü mjqv¾ nyd¨ula msrùfï § msá wxY=
msmsÍula we;s ù .sks .;af;a h' msmsreu ksid .nvdj úkdY jQ w;r lsysm fofkla frday,a
.; l<y' oeka .nvdj kùlrKh lr idok ,oy' ma,diaála k< f,day mhsmam iuÕ
hdlr iemhqï k< idok ,§' mhsmam ;=< .sks mq<sÕ= yg f.k ;snQ nj mÍlaIKfhka y÷kd
.;ay' bka ishqï msá mqmqrd f.dia ;sìKs'
fmÜr,a jdIam" msá fõ.fhka .,d hk úg wdfrdamKh ù .sks mq<sÕ= yg f.k msmqreï we;s
lrhs' frday,a Y,Hd.drj, iaÓ;s úoHq;a wdfrdamK fya;=fjka ks¾úkaok øjHj, jdIam
.sks weú,S wk;=re isÿ úh yels h' frday,a ld¾h uKav,h w¢k mßjdrl øjH iys; we÷ï
iy f,dayuh wdjqo w;r úoHq;a mq<sÕ= yg .ekSug bv we;' mßjdrl we÷ï we;s,a,S
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wdfrdamKh fõ' ta wdfrdamK f,day w;r úoHq;a mq<sÕ= we;s lrhs' fï ksid frday,a
fmdf<dj ANTISTATIC øjHj,ska ;kd we;' túg wdfrdamK bj;a fõ' mq<sÕ= yg
fkd.kS' msmsreï yg fkd.kS'
úfYaI uhsfl%dÑmaia bf,lafg%dksl Wmdx.j, mskaia ^ PINS & w;r fjda,aàh;d fjkialï
we;' tksid wdfrdams; fõ' fï mskaia fm%arKfhka wdfrdamKh ù Ñmfha we;=<; mßm:
úkdY lr ouhs' tneúka tn÷ uhsfl%dÑmaia bf,lafg%daksl I C j¾. ;kk - úl=Kk -
;ekaj, fmdf<dj" we÷ï" Ñmhka w,a,k WmlrK ANTISTATIC øjHj,ska idod we;'
wl=Kq ikakdhl ;Uj,ska idohs' f.dvke.s,af,a by< u ;ek ;shqKq W,a iys; j ikakdhl
;nd ;Uj,ska hd lr >klï ;U ;yvqjla fmdf<djg hglr N+.; lr we;' j<dl=`M
fowdldrhlg wdfrdams; fõ' túg fohdldrhlg fï ikakdhl yeisf¾' wl=Kq j<dj yd
ikakdhlh w;r jd;h whkSlrKh fjñka wdfrdamK fiñka WodiSk lrhs'
fuys § jdhq wxY=j,ska by<g l=vd úÿ,s flàï we;s fõ' fyK myrla je§u wvq lrjhs'
iaÓ;sl úoHq;a ¥ú,s wjlafIamkiaÓ;sl úoHq;a ¥ú,s wjlafIamkiaÓ;sl úoHq;a ¥ú,s wjlafIamkiaÓ;sl úoHq;a ¥ú,s wjlafIamkiaÓ;sl úoHq;a ¥ú,s wjlafIamk
hlv l¾udka;fha § - .,a wÕ=re úÿ,sn,d.drj, § - isfuka;s l¾udka; Yd,dj, § - l`M
ÿï ksmojk l¾udka;Yd,dj, § ¥ú,s jka wxY=uh wmøjH mßirhg tl;= fjhs' th b;d
wk;=reodhl h' fï øjH iaÓ;sl úoHq;a ÿú,s wjlafIamk uÕska myiqfjka bj;a l< yels
h'
50"000 V muK we;s lïì w;ßka ¥ú,s iys; jd;h .uka lrhs' ¥ú,s - jdhq wxY= wdfrdams;
j hlv m;=rej,g wef,a' ;o ñá myrlska .eiQ úg m;=,g ¥ú,s /iafõ' mehl § ¥ú,s
fgdka 20 - 50 w;r tl;= l< yels h'
msßisÿ jd;h
N+.; f,day m;=re
-50 kV /yeka
¥ú,s ÿu
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Pdhd msgm;a hka;%hPdhd msgm;a hka;%hPdhd msgm;a hka;%hPdhd msgm;a hka;%hPdhd msgm;a hka;%h
fuu hka;%fha fnrh kï fldgia fi,skshï f,dayh wdf,am lr we;' fuh blaukska
wdfrdamKh fõ' tfy;a m%n, wdf,dalfha È wdfrdamKh úi¾ckh lrhs' lvodisfha
wl=re wdf,dal mrdj¾;kh ksid tys we;s fofhys m%;sìïnh fnrfha yg .kS' l`M
fldgia wdfrdamK mj;ajd .kS' iqÿ fldgiaj, wdfrdamKh ke;s fõ' WodiSk fõ'
hka;%fha ldnka l=vq fgdak¾& fnrh yryd úisrejd yÍ' fï l=vq wdfrdams; ;ekaj, wef,a'
f*dfgda fldms lvodish fï fnrh yryd hk úg wdfrdams; wxY= wef,hs' fuu lvodish
;o riakh we;s fldgi yryd hk úg fgdak¾ l=vq fyd¢ka ;eïî ia:djr j wef,a'
;Ska; wf,amk úisr fmdïm;Ska; wf,amk úisr fmdïm;Ska; wf,amk úisr fmdïm;Ska; wf,amk úisr fmdïm;Ska; wf,amk úisr fmdïm
;Ska; ìkaÿ l=vd wxY= f,i úisrjkq ,efí' fïjd tys § wdfrdamKh lrjhs' RK f,i
wdfrdams; ;Ska; wxY= me;sr hhs' ldrh - øjHh Ok f,i wdfrdams; lrkq ,efí' RK wxY=
b;d iquqÿ mg,hla f,i ;=kS j f,dayh u; we,S ;Ska; iqug wdf,amkhla fia we;s fõ'
;Ska; yd ld,h b;=re fõ' jdhqf.da,hg ;Ska; ìkaÿ fkdhhs'
.=jka hdkdj,g" keõj,g" njqirj,g bkaOk mqrjkafka b;d fõ.fhka h' fuu bkaOk
jdIam túg blaukska wdfrdams; fõ' wdfrdams; bkaOk wxY= b;d wk;=reodhl h' úoHq;a
mq<sÕ= yg f.k .sks .kshs' fuf,i bkaOk msrùfï § yd bj;a lsÍfï § we;s,a,Sfuka
iaÓ;s úoaHq;a wdfrdamK yg .kS' fï k<j, f,day m;=re fhdo tajd N+.; lsÍfuka
wdfrdams; wxY= WodiSk flf¾' msmsreï k;r lr .; yels h'
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ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( ( ( ( ( úoHq;h iïnkaO ixisoaê yd uQ,O¾u tÈfkod ðú;fha §
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 (ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 (ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 (ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 (ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 ( úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj w;r iïnkaO;dj ffoksl lghq;=úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj w;r iïnkaO;dj ffoksl lghq;=úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj w;r iïnkaO;dj ffoksl lghq;=úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj w;r iïnkaO;dj ffoksl lghq;=úNj wka;rh yd Odrdj w;r iïnkaO;dj ffoksl lghq;=
i|yd Ndú; lrhs'i|yd Ndú; lrhs'i|yd Ndú; lrhs'i|yd Ndú; lrhs'i|yd Ndú; lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'2l%shdldrlu 5'2l%shdldrlu 5'2l%shdldrlu 5'2l%shdldrlu 5'2 ((((( úNj wka;rh;a Odrdj;a w;r iïnkaOh fidhuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 5'2'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 5'2'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< fmdÿ
fïihla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 5'2'1mshjr 5'2'1mshjr 5'2'1mshjr 5'2'1mshjr 5'2'1 ((((( ² weógrh mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lr th Ndú;hg .kafka
l=ula uekSu i|yd oehs úuikak' th iú l< hq;=
wdldrh úuikak'
² fjda,aÜógrh mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lr th Ndú;hg
.kafka l=ula uekSu i|yd oehs úuikak' th iú l<
hq;= wdldrh úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² úoHq;a Odrdj I uekSug weógrh Ndú; lrk nj
² úNj wka;rh V uekSug fjda,aÜógrh Ndú; lrk nj
² weógr iy fjda,aÜógrj, Ok w.% r;= mdáka o RK w.%
l`M mdáka o we;s nj
² tajd iïnkaO lsÍfï § iemhqfï Ok w.%h r;= mdg
w.%hg o RK w.%h l`M mdg w.%hg o iïnkaO l< hq;=
nj
² Odrdj ueksh hq;= Wmdx.h iuÕ weógrh fY%aKs.;j
iïnkaO l< hq;= nj
² úNj wka;rh ueksh hq;= Wmdx.h yd iudka;r.;j
fjda,aÜógrfha w.% iïnkaO l< hq;= nj
² úoHq;a Odrdj uekSfï wka;¾cd;sl tallh weïmshrh
jk w;r tys ixfla;h A nj
² úNj wka;rh uekSfï wka;¾cd;sl tallh fjda,agh
jk w;r tys ixfla;h V nj
² V iy I w;r iïnkaOh fiùu jeo.;a nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
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mshjr 5'2'2mshjr 5'2'2mshjr 5'2'2mshjr 5'2'2mshjr 5'2'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 5'2'3 (mshjr 5'2'3 (mshjr 5'2'3 (mshjr 5'2'3 (mshjr 5'2'3 ( ² l=vd lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< whg u m<uq wjia:dj
fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² weógrfha wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh b;d wvq w.hla jk nj
iy fjda,aÜ ógrfha wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh b;d jeä w.hla
jk nj
² X m%;sfrdaOlh yryd Odrdj weógrfhka lshfjk
w;r úNj wka;rh fjda,aÜ ógrfhka lshfjk nj
² Odrd kshdulh iSreudre lsÍfuka mßm:fha Odrdj
úp,kh l< yelas nj
² X yryd Odrdj fjkia lrk úg th yryd úNj wka;rh
o úp,kh jk nj
² X yryd úNj wka;rh V iy Odrdj I w;r m%ia;drh
uQ, ,laIh yryd .uka .kakd ir, f¾Ldjla jk nj
² úNj wka;rh iy Odrdj w;r wkqf,dau iudkqmd;sl
iïnkaO;djla mj;sk nj
² "WIaK;ajh jeks fN!;sl ;;a;aj ksh; j mj;sk úgWIaK;ajh jeks fN!;sl ;;a;aj ksh; j mj;sk úgWIaK;ajh jeks fN!;sl ;;a;aj ksh; j mj;sk úgWIaK;ajh jeks fN!;sl ;;a;aj ksh; j mj;sk úgWIaK;ajh jeks fN!;sl ;;a;aj ksh; j mj;sk úg
ikakdhlh fofl<jr yryd úNj wka;rh th ;=<skaikakdhlh fofl<jr yryd úNj wka;rh th ;=<skaikakdhlh fofl<jr yryd úNj wka;rh th ;=<skaikakdhlh fofl<jr yryd úNj wka;rh th ;=<skaikakdhlh fofl<jr yryd úNj wka;rh th ;=<ska
.uka lrk Odrdjg wkqf,dau j iudkqmd;sl fõ'.uka lrk Odrdjg wkqf,dau j iudkqmd;sl fõ'.uka lrk Odrdjg wkqf,dau j iudkqmd;sl fõ'.uka lrk Odrdjg wkqf,dau j iudkqmd;sl fõ'.uka lrk Odrdjg wkqf,dau j iudkqmd;sl fõ'" f,i
´ï kshuh m%ldY l< yels nj
² V/I wkqmd;h X m%;sfrdaOlfha w.hg iudk jk nj
² úoHq;a m%;sfrdaOh uksk tall ï jk w;r tys ixfla;h
Ω f,i y÷kajk nj
² úoHq;a m%;sfrdaOh R uÕska oela jQ úg"
Tï kshuh V = I R f,i m%ldYkhlska oelaúh yels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
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;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² Tï kshuh m%ldY lrhs'
² úoHq;a mßm: ilia lsÍfï § úNj wka;rh iy Odrdj w;r iïnkaOh wjYH nj
ms<s.kshs'
² úoHq;h yd iïnkaO .eg¨j, § V = I R iïnkaOh Ndú; lrhs'
² wjYH wjia:dj, § jsoaHq;a ñkqï WmlrK ksjerÈ f,i Ndú; lrhs'
² mÍlaIKd;aul m%;sM, weiqfrka iïnkaO;d f.dv kÕhs'
weuqKqu 5'2'1weuqKqu 5'2'1weuqKqu 5'2'1weuqKqu 5'2'1weuqKqu 5'2'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² mßm:fha olajd we;s Wmdx.h yryd úNj wka;rh iy Odrdj úp,kh ùu fidhd
ne,Su i|yd u;= oelafjk ld¾hhkaf.ka Tn lKavdhug mejÍ we;s ld¾h flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² X1 m%;sfrdaOlh mßm:hg iïnkaO lsÍu'
² X2 m%;sfrdaOlh mßm:hg iïnkaO lsÍu'
A- weógrh
V- fjda,aÜógrh
C- fldaIh
R- Odrdkshdulh
K- fmakq h;=r
² fmdÿ fïih u;ska Tn lKavdhug wod< Wmdx. f;dard .kak'
² Tng wod< m%;sfrdaOlh iu. mßm:h wgjkak'
² wod< rdYSka úp,kh lrñka wjia:d myla i|yd mdGdxl ,nd .kak'
² wod< jsp,Hhka w;r m%ia;drhla we| tu`.ska rdYSka w;r iïnkaO;djla mj;skafka
oehs fidhd n,kak'
² úp,H rdYSka w;r wkqmd;h iy Tn fhdod .;a m%;sfrdaOlfha w.h w;r iïnkaO;djla
;sfí oehs fidhd n,kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK wdl¾YkSh f,i iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
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weuqKqu 5'2'2weuqKqu 5'2'2weuqKqu 5'2'2weuqKqu 5'2'2weuqKqu 5'2'2
fmdÿ fïih ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ieliSu i|yd Wmfoiafmdÿ fïih ieliSu i|yd Wmfoia
² 2V fldaI folla
² 0-5&A mrdihlska hq;a weógr folla
² ^0-5&V mrdihlska hq;a fjda,aÜógr folla
² fmakq h;=re folla
² iïnkaO lïì folla
² Odrd kshdul folla
² 20Ωl iy 30 l m%;sfrdaOl fol ne.ska ;nd
tajd X 1iy X
2 f,i f,an,a lrkak'
² m%ia;dr lvodis
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ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( ( ( ( ( úoHq;h iïnkaO ixisoaê yd uQ,O¾u tÈfkod ðú;fha §
fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ((((( m%;sfrdaOh Odrdj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'm%;sfrdaOh Odrdj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'm%;sfrdaOh Odrdj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'm%;sfrdaOh Odrdj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'm%;sfrdaOh Odrdj flfrys n,mdk wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'3 (l%shdldrlu 5'3 (l%shdldrlu 5'3 (l%shdldrlu 5'3 (l%shdldrlu 5'3 ( m%;sfrdaO úúO wdldrhg iïnkaO lruq' iul m%;sfrdaOh
fjkia lruq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 5'3'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 5'3'2g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% folla
² weuqKqu 5'3'3g we;=<;a j¾K fla; l%ufha msgm;a folla
² weuqKqu 5'3'4g we;=<;a nyqógrh Ndú; lsÍfï Wmfoia
m;%sldfõ msgm;a folla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (
mshjr 5'3'1 mshjr 5'3'1 mshjr 5'3'1 mshjr 5'3'1 mshjr 5'3'1 ((((( ² my; i|yka mßm:h wgjd mka;sfha wjOdkh ta fj;
fhduq lr.kak'
² iafjÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jk isiqka ;sfofkl= mka;sh bÈßhg
le|jñka my; i|yka ld¾hhkays fhdojkak'
² A yd B w.% iïnkaOl lïìhlska iïnkaO lr KújD; j ;nd úÿ,s mkaoï n,anfha §ma;sh ksÍlaIKh lsßu
² K jid n,anfha §ma;sh ksßlaIKh lsßu
² K" újD; j ;nd A yd B w;rg 10kΩ f;jeks
m%;sfrdaOhla iïnkaO lr n,anfha §ma;sh ksÍlaIKh lsßu
² n,anfha §ma;sh wvq$jeä ùug iïnkaO l< m%;sfrdaOj,
n,mEu úuikak'
² m%;sfrdaOlj, w.h fiùug Ndú; lrk j¾K fla; l%ufha
úYd,s; mqjrejla mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
5v
10
10
6v
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² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² A yd B iïnkaOl lïìhlska iïnkaO l, úg n,anh
oe,afjk nj
² A yd B iïnkaOj ;sìh § K jeiQ úg n,anfha §ma;sh
jeä jk nj
² K újD;j ;nd" A yd B w;rg 10 m%;sfrdaOh
iïnkaO l< úg n,anfha §ma;sh wvq jk nj
² n,anj, §ma;sh m%;sfrdaO iïnkaO lrk wdldrh wkqj
fjkia jk nj
² fY%aKs.; yd iudka;r.; f,i mßm:hl m%;sfrdaO
iïnkaO lrk wdldr folla mj;sk nj
² m%;sfrdaO tllg jeä .kkla mßm:hl we;s úg ,efnk
M,odhs m%;sfrdaOh iul m%;sfrdaOh kï jk nj
² iudka;r.; yd fY%aKs.; ixhqla;j, iul m%;sfrdaOh
fiùug iólrKhla f.dvkexùu m%fhdackj;a jk nj
² nyqógrh Ndú;fhka fyda jrK fla; l%ufhka fyda
m%;sfrdaOlj, w.h fiúh yels nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 5'3'2mshjr 5'3'2mshjr 5'3'2mshjr 5'3'2mshjr 5'3'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
mshjr 5'3'3mshjr 5'3'3mshjr 5'3'3mshjr 5'3'3mshjr 5'3'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï jd¾;d iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq
wjia:dj fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² nyqógrh Ndú;fhka yd j¾Kfla; l%ufhka
m%;sfrdaOj, w.hka f;dard .; yels nj
² R1 yd R2 m%;sfrdaO fol iudka;r.;j iïnkaO l< úgm%;sfrdaOh kï R1 kï
²
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² R1= R2 (R) kï iul m%;sfrdaOh
² jk nj
² iudk m%;sfrdaO n .Kkla iudka;r.;j iïnkaO l<úg
² jk nj
² iudka;r.; iïnkaOfha § iul m%;sfrdaOh wvq ùu
ksid n,anj, §ma;sh jeä jQ nj
² R1 yd R2 m%;sfrdaO fol fY%aKs.;j iïnkaO l< úg
iul m%;sfrdaOh R1 kï
² R1 = R1+R2 nj
² R1= R2 (R) kï R1= 2R² iudk m%;sfrdaO n .Kkla fY%aKs.;j iïnkaO l<
úg R1 = nR nj
² fY%aKs.; iïnkaOfha § iul m%;sfrdaOh jeäùu ksid
n,anj, §ma;sh wvq jQ nj
² m%;sfrdaO úúO wdldrhg iïnkaO lsÍfuka .e,fmk
w.fhka hq;a m%;sfrdaO ,nd .; yels nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² fY%aKs.; iy iudka;r.; m%;sfrdaO yuqfõ iul m%;sfrdaOh fjkia jk wdldrh
úia;r lrhs'
² mßm:hl úoHq;a Odrdj md,kh lsÍu i|yd m%;sfrdaO úúO wdldrfhka iïnkaO
lsßu jeo.;a nj ms<s.kshs'
² fY%aKs.; yd iudka;r.; m%;sfrdaOj, iul m%;sfrdaOh fiùug iQ;% f.dv k.hs'
² imhd we;s Wmfoia wkqj WmlrK ksjerÈ j yiqrejñka mdGdxl .kshs'
² ksÍlaIK weiqfrka iïnkaO;d f.dv kÕhs'
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weuqKqu 5'3'1weuqKqu 5'3'1weuqKqu 5'3'1weuqKqu 5'3'1weuqKqu 5'3'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² my; i|yka m%;sfrdaO lÜg,j,ska Tfí lKavdhug ,efnk m%;sfrdaO lÜg,h flfrys
wjOdkh olajkak'
² m<uqjk m%;sfrdaO lÜg,h
² fojk m%;sfrdaO lÜg,h
² m%;sfrdaO lÜg,h iy wod< WmlrK f;dard f.k tajd fyd¢ka ksÍlaIKh lrkak'
² j¾Kfla; Ndú;fhka Tng wod< m%;sfrdaOj, w.h fidhd .kak'
² Tng ,eî we;s m%;sfrdaOh fY%aKs.; f,i iïnkaO lrkak'
² nyqógrh Ndú;fhka iul m%;sfrdaOh fidhkak'
² fY%aKs.; f,i iïnkaê; m%;sfrdaOj, iul m%;sfrdaOh i|yd iólrKhla
jHq;amkak lsÍug W;aidy .kak'
² Tng ,eî we;s m%;sfrdaO iudka;r.; f,i iïnkaO lr tys iul m%;sfrdaOh
nyqógrh Ndú;fhka fidhkak'
² iudka;r.; f,i iïnkaê; m%;sfrdaOj, iul m%;sfrdaOh i|yd iólrKhla
jHq;amkak lsÍug W;aidy .kak'
² Tfí wkdjrK wdld¾YKsh f,i mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'3'2weuqKqu 5'3'2weuqKqu 5'3'2weuqKqu 5'3'2weuqKqu 5'3'2
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
² my; i|yka WmlrK yd øjH fïi y;rla u; ;nd ld¾h mßY% y;rla idokak'
² ld¾h mßY%h ;=< bgq l< hq;= ld¾hh i|yka mqjrejla ;nkak'
² m%;sfrdaOh 2k jQ R1 iy R2 f,i i,l=Kq lr we;s m%;sfrdaO folla
² w.hhka tlsfklg fjkia m%;sfrdaOl folla
² mßm: mqjrejla
² iïnkaOl lïì
² nyqógrhla
² äuhs lvodishla iy udl¾ mEkla
² weuqKqu 5'3'3 iy 5'3'4ys msgm;a tl ne.ska
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weuqKqu 5'3'3weuqKqu 5'3'3weuqKqu 5'3'3weuqKqu 5'3'3weuqKqu 5'3'3
j¾K fla; l%uhj¾K fla; l%uhj¾K fla; l%uhj¾K fla; l%uhj¾K fla; l%uh
² my; i|yka rEmigyk wOHhkfhka j¾K ;Sre ;=fkys j¾K y÷kd .kak'
² tu j¾Kj,g wkqrEm wxl ,nd .ekSug u;= oelafjk j.=j Ndú; lrkak'
² m%;sfrdaOlfha w.h fiùug my; i|yka wdldrfhka lghq;= lrkak'
² m<uqjk j¾K ;Srejg wod< wxlh m<uq j ,shkak'
² fojk j¾K ;Srejg wod< wxlh m<uq wxlhg ol=Kq miska ,shkak'
² ;=kajk j¾K ;Srejg wod< wxlhg iudk ìxÿ ixLHdjla tu wxlj,g ol=Kq miska
,shkak'
² fï l%uh ms<sn| jeäÿr oek .ekSu i|yd my; i|yka WodyrK n,kak'
WodyrK - 1 WodyrK - 2
1000 47000
= 1 k = 47 k ( 47K)
j¾Kh wxlh
l`M 0
ÿUqre 1
r;= 2
;eô,s 3
ly 4
fld< 5
ks,a 6
oï 7
w`M 8
iqÿ 9
m<uq jkj¾K ;Srej
fo jkj¾K ;Srej
;=ka jkj¾K ;Srej
ÿUqre l`M r;= ly oï ;eô,s
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weuqKqu 5'3'4weuqKqu 5'3'4weuqKqu 5'3'4weuqKqu 5'3'4weuqKqu 5'3'4
nyqógrh Ndú; lsÍug wod< Wmfoianyqógrh Ndú; lsÍug wod< Wmfoianyqógrh Ndú; lsÍug wod< Wmfoianyqógrh Ndú; lsÍug wod< Wmfoianyqógrh Ndú; lsÍug wod< Wmfoia
² nyqógrfha N%uK iaúÉÑh m%;sfrdaOh uekSfï Wmßu mrdihg fhduq jk fia N%uKh
lrkak'
² nyqógrfha w.% fol tlsfkl iam¾Y lr tys o¾Ylh ï mßudKfha Y+kH mdGdxlh
fmkajkafka oehs fidaÈis lrkak'
² m%;sfrdaOh ueksh hq;= m%;sfrdaOlfha w.% nyqógrfha w.%j,ska iam¾Y lrkak'
² mdGdxlh uekSug wmyiq jk mßÈ o¾Ylh hka;ï p,kh fõ kï N%uK iqúÉÑh
m%;sfrdaOh uekSfï B<Õ mrdihg lrljd mdGdxlh .; yels oe hs n,kak'
² mdGdxlh .; yels wjia:dj t<fUk ;=re N%uK iaúÉÑh uÕska mrdih l%ufhka wvq
lrkak'
² kshñ; wjia:dfõ § o¾Ylfhka fmkakqï lrk mdGdxlh igyka lr .kak'
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ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( ( ( ( ( úoHq;h iïnkaO ixisoaê yd uQ,O¾u tÈfkod
Ôú;fha § fhdod .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4 ((((( wjia:djg WÑ; mßÈ ir, úoHq;a mßm: ks¾udKh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'4l%shdldrlu 5'4l%shdldrlu 5'4l%shdldrlu 5'4l%shdldrlu 5'4 ( wjYH;dj wkqj ir, úoHq;a mßm: ksujuq'
ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h ((((( ñks;a;= 120 hs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï ((((( ² weuqKqu 5'4'1g we;=<;a lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd
Wmfoia m;%sldfõ msgm;a ;=kla
² weuqKqu 5'4'3g we;=<;a Wmfoia wkqj ilia l< ld¾h
mßY% ;=kla
² äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a
bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shbf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ( ( ( ( (
mshjr 5'4'1 mshjr 5'4'1 mshjr 5'4'1 mshjr 5'4'1 mshjr 5'4'1 ( ² ir, úoHq;a mßm:hla wegùu i|yd wjYH Wmdx. ms<sn|
isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
² ir, mßm: igykla ,E,af,a we£ug isiqjl= fhdojkak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk mßÈ idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
² úoHq;a iemhqu" m%;sfrdaO iy iaúÉÑ ir, úoHq;a
mßm:hl w;HjYH Wmdx. jk nj
² tla tla Wmdx.h i|yd mßm: ixfla; we;s nj
² ir, úoHq;a mßm:hla wegùug fmr mßm: ixfla;
fhdod .ksñka mßm: igykla ie,iqï lsÍu jeo.;a
nj
² úoHq;a mrsm: wegùfï § úoHq;a Wmdx. fkdì÷kq lïì
uÕska oeä j iïnkaO úh hq;= nj
² úoHq;a mßm:hlg iaúÉÑhla fh§fuka úoHq;a iemhqu
wkjYH f,i laIhùu j<lajd .; yels nj
² wjYH;dj,g .e,fmk mßÈ ir, úoHq;a mßm:
ks¾udKh l< yels nj
^ñks;a;= 15 hs&
mshjr 5'4'2mshjr 5'4'2mshjr 5'4'2mshjr 5'4'2mshjr 5'4'2 ((((( ² mx;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fnokak'
² lKavdhï ld¾h mßY% fj; fhduq lrkak'
² .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis iy meiag,a lKavdhïj,g
,nd fokak'
² ld¾h mjrd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'
² iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'
^ñks;a;= 60 hs&
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mshjr 5'4'3mshjr 5'4'3mshjr 5'4'3mshjr 5'4'3mshjr 5'4'3 ((((( ² l=vd lKavdhï jd¾;d iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'
² úia;drKh i|yd bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u m<uq wjia:dj
fokak'
² fiiq lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'
² my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'
² ir, úoHq;a mßm: ks¾udKh lsÍfï § wjYH;dj m<uq
j meyeÈ,s lr .; hq;= nj
² bka miq tu wjYH;d imqrd ,Su i|yd fjkia l< hq;=
idOl y÷kd .; hq;= nj
² tu idOl fjkia lsÍu i|yd úoHq;a iemhqu yd Wmdx.
ljr wdldrhg iïnkaO l< hq;= oehs ;SrKh l< hq;=
nj
² t<eUqKq ;SrK wkqj iqÿiq mßm: igykla ie,iqï l<
hq;= nj
² ie,iqu wkqj fodaI wju jk mßÈ mßm:h wegúh hq;=
nj
² iaúÉÑh l%shd;aul lr mßm:h fidaÈis lr ne,sh hq;=
nj
² mßm:h l%shd;aul fkdjkafka kï iïnkaOl ia:dkj,
fodaI ;sfí oehs fidaÈis l< hq;= nj
² ir, úoHq;a mßm: ks¾udKh ffoksl lghq;= i|yd
m%fhdackj;a jk nj
^ñks;a;= 45 hs&
;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (
² ir, úoHq;a mßm:hl uq,sl fldgia kï lr úia;r lrhs'
² úoHq;a mßm: wegùfï § yd Ndú;fha § úÿ,s iemhqu wkjYH f,i laIh ùu
j<lajd .ekSug lghq;= l< hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'
² wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd ir, úoHq;a mßm: ks¾udKh lrhs'
² ie<iqïlrKh uÕska wjYH;d bgq ùu ;yjqre lr .kshs'
² wjYH;d imqrd,Sug W;aidy oeÍfï § u;= jk .eg¨ y÷kd f.k úi÷ï fhdackd lrhs'
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weuqKqu 5'4'1 weuqKqu 5'4'1 weuqKqu 5'4'1 weuqKqu 5'4'1 weuqKqu 5'4'1
lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia
² úúO wjYH;djkag wkqj úoHq;a mßm: ks¾udKh lsÍu i|yd u;= i|yka ld¾hhka
w;frka Tn lKavdhug mejfrk ld¾hfhys ksr; jkak'
² iudk úÿ,s mkaoï n,an ;=kla iudk §ma;shlska oe,aùug mßm:hla ks¾udKh
lsÍu
² iudk úÿ,s mkaoï n,an ;=klska tlla fjkia §ma;shlska iy wfkla fol iudk
§ma;shla iys; j oe,aùug mßm:hla ks¾udKh lsÍu
² wjYH n,an fyda n,anh wjYH jQ úg oe,aùu yd ksùu l< yels n,an ;=kl mßm:hla
ks¾udKh lsÍu
² ld¾h mßY%fha we;s úoHq;a Wmdx. fyd¢ka mÍlaId lr n,kak'
² wjYH ld¾hh bgq lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq mßm: igykla lKavdhfï ish¨ fokdf.a u
iydh we;s j f.dv kÕkak'
² tu mßm: igyk wkqj imhd we;s úoHq;a Wmdx. fhdod .ksñka ir, úoHq;a mßm:hla
wgjkak'
² mßm:h l%shd;aul lr Tng mejÍ we;s ld¾hh bgqfõ oehs úuid n,kak'
² tfia fkdfõ kï ta i|yd fya;= fidhñka wjYH;dj bgq lr .ekSug lghq;=
lrkak'
² Tfí wegjqï" Tn uqyqK ÿka .eg¨ yd tajd úi|d .ekSug Tn fhdod .;a l%shdud¾.
,ehsia;= .; lrkak'
² Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsßug iQodkï jkak'
weuqKqu 5'4'2weuqKqu 5'4'2weuqKqu 5'4'2weuqKqu 5'4'2weuqKqu 5'4'2
ld¾h mßY% ilia lsßu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsßu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsßu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsßu i|yd Wmfoiald¾h mßY% ilia lsßu i|yd Wmfoia
² my; i|yka WmlrK iy øjH ;nk ,o fïi ;=kla ilia lrkak'
² úh<s fldaI ;=kla
² 3'8 W úÿ,s mkaoï n,an ;=kla
² fmakq h;=rla
² iïnkaOl lïì
² mßm: mqjrejla
² f;jeks ld¾hhg wod< ld¾h mßY%fha fmakq h;=re ;=kla ;nkak'
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bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
1'0 we.hSï wjia:dj ( jdrh 3" WmlrKh 01
2'0 wdjrKh lrk ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 1'1" 1'2" 1'3" 1'4" 1'5" 1'6 hk ksmqK;d uÜgï
3'0 wdjrKh lrk ikaOdrh ( 1'1" 1'2"1'3" 1'4" 1'5" 1'6 hk ksmqK;d uÜgïj,g
wh;a ikaOdrh
4'0 WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( m%dfhda.sl mßlaIK
5'0 WmlrKfha wruqKq ( 1 ixl,amuh wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu
2 fN!;sl úoHd uQ,O¾u tÈfkod Ôú;fha §
m%dfhda.slj Ndú; lsÍug yqre lr ùu
3 mÍlaIK wegùu yd iïnkaO yiqre l=i,;d
jeä ÈhqKq lr ùu
4 jsoHd.dr WmlrK Ndjs;h iy tajdfha
l%shdldrs;ajh ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd oSu
6'0 WmlrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia (
.=rejrhdg Wmfoia ( ² wod< l%shdldrlïj, § m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIK
isÿ l< yels fN!;sl úoHd;aul
ixl,am tl;=jla ilia lrkak'
² ,laIH we.hSï wjia:dfõ § tu ixl,am isiqkg
bÈßm;a lrkak'
² fï i|yd iïu; m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIK
tl;=jla ilia lrkak'
² m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIK isÿ lsÍu i|yd isiqkg
uÕ fmkaùu lrkak'
² fhdað; ks¾Kdhl Tiafia ,l=Kq m%odkh lr
m%.;sh isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
isiqkg Wmfoia ( ² mÍlaIKd;aulj ;yjqre lsÍug iQodkï jk
ixl,amh ms<sn|j lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPdjla
f.dv kÕkak'
² mÍlaIKh ie,iqï lsÍu i|yd .=re;=udf.a
iydh ,nd .kak'
² Tng mejfrk m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKj,
fhfokak'
² ksÍlaIK jd¾;d lr f.k lKavdhï idlÉPd
;=<ska ks.ukj,g t<fUkak'
² ks.uk mka;shg ikaksfõokh lrkak'
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7'0 we.hsï ks¾Kdhl (
YsIHhdf.a$YsIHdjf.a ku
ks¾Kdhl
² fmr iQodkula ;sîu
² WÑ; øjH yd WmlrK fhdod
wegjqï ksjerÈj ilia lsÍu
² WmlrK ksis wdldrj mßyrKh
lrñka mÍlaIKh isÿ lsÍu
² ksÍlaIKh meyeÈ,sj jd¾;d lsÍu
² ks.uk ksrjq,aj ikaksfõokh
lsÍu
A, B, C, D hkqfjka m%ùK;d uÜgu igyka lrkak'
A - b;d fyd|hs
B - fyd|hs
C - idudkHhs
D - ixj¾Okh úh hq;= fõ'
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bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
1'0 we.hSï wjia:dj ( jdrh 3" WmlrKh 02
2'0 wdjrKh lrk ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 2'1" 2'2" 3'3" 4'3 iy 5'4 hk ksmqK;d uÜgï
3'0 wdjrKh lrk ikaOdrh ( 2'1" 2'2" 3'3" 4'3 iy 5'4 hk ksmqK;d uÜgïj,g
wh;a ikaOdrh
4'0 WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( isiq ks¾udK m%o¾Yk
5'0 WmlrKfha wruqKq ( 1 mx;s ldurh ;=< ,nk bf.kqï w;aoelSï
jeäÿr l%shdldrlï uÕska m%.=K lr .ekSu
2 ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh f.dvke.Su
6'0 WmlrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia (
.=rejrhdg Wmfoia ( ² úúO ks¾udKj,g isiqka fhduq l< yels
l%shdldrlï iy wjia:d y÷kd .kak'
² ks¾udKj,g isiqka fhduq l< yels ud;Dldj,
,ehsia;=jla ilia lr .kak'
Wod( - 1 øj mSvkfhka l%shd l< yels ir,
hka;% wegùu
2 È we;s wjHY;d wkqj ir, úoHq;a
mßm: ks¾udKh lsÍu
² ,laIH we.hSï wjia:dfõ § tu ud;Dld
isiqkg bÈßm;a lrkak'
² isiq ks¾udK i|yd wjYH myiqlï imhkak'
² isiq ks¾udK lghq;=j, § iïm;a odhlhl=
f,i iydh jkak'
² isiqkaf.a ks¾udKhka ksÍlaIKh lr ifodia
;eka wef;d;a ksfodia lsÍug Wmfoia fokak'
² tla tla ks¾udK ish,a,kagu kerôh yels
jk mßÈ m%o¾Ykhla meje;aúug isiqka fhduq
lrjkak'
² fhdað; ks¾Kdhl Tiafia ,l=Kq m%odkh lr
m%.;sh isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lrkak'
isiqkg Wmfoia ( ² .=re;=ud úiska imhk ,o ud;Dldjg wod<
Tfí bf.kqï w;aoelSï Wmfhda.S lr f.k
ie,iqula ilia lr .kak'
² ie,iqug wkqj WmlrK mßyrKh lsÍfuka
wegjqu ks¾udKh lrkak'
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² wegjqu l%shd;aul lr .eg¨ ;eka wef;d;a
.=re;=udf.ka Wmfoia ,nd f.k ksjerÈ lr
.kak'
² Tfí ks¾udKh fyd| ksudjlska hq;=j
m%o¾Ykhg bÈßm;a lrkak'
7'0 we.hsï ks¾Kdhl (
YsIHhdf.a$YsIHdjf.a ku
ks¾Kdhl
² § we;s udlDldjg wkqj ie,iqfï
wod<;ajh
² ks¾udKh uÕska wfmalaIs; M,h
bgqù we;a o@
² ks¾udKhg wod< Wmdx. ksjerÈj
f;dard .ekSu
² ksis l,g ks¾udKh ksu lsßu
² ks¾udKfha ksudj yd l%shdldß;ajh
A, B, C, D hkqfjka m%ùK;d uÜgu igyka lrkak'
A - b;d fyd|hs
B - fyd|hs
C - idudkHhs
D - ixj¾Okh úh hq;= fõ'
10 fY%aKsh
^fN!;sl úoHd fldgi&
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bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK
1'0 we.hSï wjia:dj ( jdrh 3" WmlrKh 03
2'0 wdjrKh lrk ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 3'1" 3'2" 3'3" 4'2" 4'3 5'2" 5'3 iy 5'4 hk ksmqK;d
uÜgï
3'0 wdjrKh lrk ikaOdrh ( ksmqK;d uÜgïj,g wod< ikaOdrh
4'0 WmlrKfha iajNdjh ( jHdmD;sh
5'0 WmlrKfha wruqKq ( 1' tosfkod Ôú;fha § n, Yla;sh ksis f,i
l<ukdlrKhg fhduq lsÍu
2' ld¾hCIu j n,Yla;sh mßyrKh i|yd
wjYH wdl,am ixj¾Okh lsÍu
3' l%shdldrlï ;=<ska ,nd .;a w;aoelSï M,odhS
whqßka Ndú;hg wjia:dj ,nd §u
6'0 WmlrKh l%shd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia (
.=rejrhdg Wmfoia ( ² fuu jHdmD;sh lrkqq ,nkafka n,Yla;sh
mßfNdackh úÿ,sh"LP .Eia" or" fjk;a bkaOk&
ksis f,i l<ukdlrKhg isiqka fhduq lsÍug
nj Tjqkg meyeÈ,s lrkak'
² jHdmD;shl uQ,sldx. weuqKqu n,kak'&y÷kajd
§ lKavdhïj,g iqÿiq ud;Dld mjrkak'
² lKavdhï idlÉPd u`.ska imhd we;s jHdmD;s
fhdackd wdlD;sh iïmQ¾K lsÍug isiqka fhduq
lrkak'
² jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul flfrk w;r ;=r flaj,
jYfhkq;a" iduqysl jYfhkq;a mj;ajd f.k
hk Èk fmd; ksrka;r wëCIKhg ,la
lrkak'
² ;SrKh lr .;a Èkhl § jHdmD;s jd¾;d
bÈßm;a lsÍug yd iduQysl idlÉPdjlg
iyNd.s ùug isiqkg wjia:dj i,ikak'
isiqkg Wmfoia ( ² lKavdhug ,nd ÿka f;audjg wod< jk
fia jHdmD;s fhdackdj ilia lsÍfï § my;
lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
² ;udg <`.d úh yels uÜgfï wruqKq yd
ksuejqï
² §¾> ld,hla uq`M,af,a wkq.ukh l<
yels l%ufõohla
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² myiqfjka imhd .; yels fhojqï²
wdlD;shla Ndú;fhka tÈfkod o;a; f.dkq lrkak' Èk fmd;&
² ;ks ;ks j /ia lrk o;a; fhdojd
lKavdhï ksuejqula ilia lrkak'
² iEu idudðlhl=f.a u ksjfia udisl úÿ,s
ì,am;a Pdhd msgm;a& f.dkqjla mj;ajd
.kak'
² wju jYfhka udi yhla fhdod .ksñka
o;a; /ia lrkak'
² lKavdhfï ish¨ u idudðlhska f.a
iyNd.s;ajfhka hq;= j" my; lreKq
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka" jHdmD;s
jd¾;dj bÈßm;a lrkak'
² jHdmD;sh wdrïNfha § idudðlhska f.a
ksfjiaj, n, Yla;sh mßfNdackh
ms<sn| j mej;s ;;a;ajh
² jHdmD;sh wjidkfha § idudðlhska f.a
ksfjiaj, n, Yla;sh mßfNdackh
ms<sn| j mej;s ;;a;ajh
² n,Yla;sh ixrCIKh iïnkaOfhka ;u
lKavdhu .kakd ,o l%shdud¾.
² jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï § u;= jQ
.eg¨ yd tajd úi|d .;a wdldrh
² fu jeks jHdmD;s ;=<ska cd;sl
fufyjrlg odhl úh yels wdldrh
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7'0 we.hsï ks¾Kdhl (
isiqka f.a kï
ks¾Kdhl
1' úêu;a f,i o;a; igyka lsÍu
2' wfmaCIs; b,lal lrd <`.d ùu
3' ksjerÈ ixrCIK l%u Ndú;h
4' úêu;a o;a; úYaf,aIKh
5' Ñ;a;dl¾IKSh bÈßm;a lsÍu
A, B, C, D hkqfjka m%ùK;d uÜgu igyka lrkak'
A - b;d fyd|hs
B - fyd|hs
C - idudkHhs
D - ixj¾Okh úh hq;= fõ'
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weuqKqu
jHdmD;shl uQ,sldx.
² wm hd hq;af;a fld ;ekg o@
² t ;ekg .sh nj oek.;af;a flfia o@
² tys t<eöu i|yd fhdod .kakd l%shdud¾. fudkjd o@
² tu l%shdldrlï i|yd wjYH iïm;a fudkjd o@
jHdmD;s fhdackdj i|yd wdlD;shjHdmD;s fhdackdj i|yd wdlD;shjHdmD;s fhdackdj i|yd wdlD;shjHdmD;s fhdackdj i|yd wdlD;shjHdmD;s fhdackdj i|yd wdlD;sh
² jHdmD;s ud;Dldj -
² jHdmD;s miqìu -
² wruqK -
² wfmaCIs; ksuejqï wruqK idCId;a lr .;a njg idCIs& -
² l%shdldrlï ksuejqï <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd fhfok ld¾hhka wkqms<sfj,ska&
² fhoejqï l%shdldrlï i|yd wjYH ld,h" udkj iïm;a yd fjk;a iïm;a&
² jHdmD;s lKavdhu
² mka;s Ndr .=re;=ñh f.a ks¾foaYh (-
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
w;aik
wruqKq
ksuejqï
l%shdldrlï
fhojqï
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m%;sl%shd ld,h ;=<.uka lrk ÿr(Thinking distance)
;sßx. fh¥ miq.uka lrk ÿr(Braking distance)
r:hk;r fõ'
ßhÿre;sßx.fhdohs'
wk;=r olskfudfydf;ar:h fuuia:dkfhawe;''
uQ,dlD;s m%Yak
fN!;sl úoHdj
1& uyd ud¾.fha r:hla Odjkh lrk rshÿrl= úiska Tyq bosrsfha we;s hul .eàula isÿ
ùu je<elaùu i|yd r:h ;sßx. fhdod k;r lr .; hq;= fjhs' r:h k;r lrùfï
§ p,s;fha we;s jk wjia:d fol my; rEmfha olajd we;'
a& jia;=jla ir, f¾Åh ud¾.hla Tiafia p,s; ùu yd iïnkaO my; i|yka rdYSkaj,ska
;=kla i|yd w¾: oelaùï ,nd fokak'
úia:dmkh" m%fõ.h" ;ajrKh" .uka l< ÿr" idudkH fõ.h
(i) jia;=jla taldldr m%fõ.fhka p,s; jk wjia:djl § r:h uÕska p,s;h i|yd
bÈßhg fhdo jk n,h;a ud¾. m%;sfrdaOh uÕska msgq mig fhfok n,h;a w;r
ljr wdldrhl iïnkaO;djhla mj;skafka oehs meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(ii) p,s; jk r:hl m%fõ.h jeä lsÍu i|yd ßhÿrd úiska wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk
l%shd ud¾.h olajd tys § isÿ jk l%shdj fN!;sl úoHd;aul j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(iii) p,s;fha fhfok r:hl m%fõ.h wvq lsÍu i|yd ßhÿrd úiska .kq ,nk l%shd
ud¾.h olajd tys § isÿ jk l%shdj fN!;sl úoHd;aul j meyeÈ,s lrkak'
b& (i) w& ßhÿrd u;ameka mdkh lr ;sîu
^wd& r:h wêl fõ.fhka Odjkh lrñka ;sîu
we& ;sßx. n,h wvq ùu
wE& ud¾.h f;;a iys; ùu
hk lreKq ßh wk;=rla isÿ ùug we;s bvlv jeä lrhs'
by; tla tla lreK ßh wk;=rla we;s ùu flfrys n,mdk whqre fN!;sl úoHd;aulj
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
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(ii) m%;sl%shd ld,h 0'5s jk ßhÿrl= 72kmh-1fõ.fhka fudag¾ r:hla mojk w;r;=r
§ Tyq bÈßfha 25m ÿßka ud¾.h yryd weo jegqk .ila ;sfnk nj olskq ,nk
w;r r:h th yd .eàu je,elaùu msKsi ;sßx. fh§ug ;SrKh lrhs'
w& m%;sl%shd ld,h ;=, r:h .uka .kakd ÿr fldmuK o
^wd& ;sßx. u`.ska we;s lrkq ,nk ukaokh 10ms-1kï ;sßx. ÿr fldmuK o
we& by; >kkh lsÍïj,g wkqj wk;=r j<lajd .ekSug ßhÿrdg yels fõ
o hkak ks.ukh lrkak'
2& úoHq;a mßm:hl Odrdj md,kh lr .ekSu i|yd m%;sfrdaOl Ndú; flf¾' w.hhka
okakd m%;sfrdaO lsysmhla imhd we;akï tajd wjYH ld¾hh bgq lr .ekSu i|yd
fY%aKs.; j fyda iudka;r.; j fyda fY%aKs.;-iudka;r.; j fyda iïnkaO lr
Odrdj md,kh lr .ekSu i|yd fhdod .; yels h' úoHq;a mßm: ks¾udKh lsÍfï§;a
fu jeks ieliqï fhdod .kq ,efí'
(i) Tng 2Ω ne.ska jk iïu; m%;sfrdaO y;rla imhd we;akï my; i|yka
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd tu m%;sfrdaO y;r u fyda lsysmhla iïnkaO lr
.; yels wdldrh fmkajk mßm: igyka w¢kak'
^a& 3Ω l iul m%;sfrdaOhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd
^b& 5Ω l iul m%;sfrdaOhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd
(ii) by; tla tla wjia:dfõ Tn fhdod .;a ieliqu ksjerÈ nj .Kkh lsÍula
weiqfrka fmkajkak'
(iii) 6v fldaIhla" 5v úÿ,s mkaoï n,amhla" 10Ω m%;sfrdaO folla" iqúÉÑ folla iy
iïnkaOl lïì Ndú; lr wjYH jQ úg iqúÉÑ l%shd;aul lsÍfuka n,anfha
§ma;sh wvq$jeä l< yels iy n,anh ksjd oeñh yels ir, úoHq;a mßm:hl
mrsm: igykla w¢kak'
(iv) Tfí wjYH;dj bgq lr .ekSu i|yd mrsm:h l%shd;aul l< hq;= wdldlrh
fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
(v) fldaIh fyd| l%shdldÍ ;;a;ajfha we;s w;r mßm:fha iïnkaOl lïì fyd¢ka
iïnkaO ù we;s wjia:djl mrsm:h l%shd;aul l< úg n,anh fkd oe,a fõ kï
mßm:fha ;sìh yels hehs Tn is;k fodaIh l=ula o@
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1& .=re;ajdl¾Yk n,h ffoYslhla jkafka"
i& thg úYd,;ajhla iy ÈYdjla ;sfnk ksid h'
ii& isria ÈYdjg l%shd lrk ksid h'
iii& wdl¾Yk n,hla jk ksid h'
iv& ÈYdjla ;sfnk kuq;a úYd,;ajhla fkdue;s ksid h'
2& my; oelafjk tajdhska n,hla fkd jkafka"
i& wd;;sh
ii& nr
iii& ialkaOh
iv& >¾IKh
3& my; oelafjk fN!;sl rdYSkaf.ka ljrlg Yla;sfha tall ;sfí o@
i& ialkaOh
ii& ld¾h m%udKh
iii& m%fõ.h
iv& CIu;dj
v& nr
4& .=re;ajh hgf;a ksoyfia fmdf<dj foig .uka lrk jia;=jla i|yd my; oelafjk
tajdhska ljrla ksh;j mj;S o@
i& m%fõ.h
ii& úNj Yla;sh
iii& ;ajrKh
iv& pd,l Yla;sh
v& .uH;dj
5&
by; m%fõ. ld, m%ia;drfhka jia;=jl m%fõ.h" ld,h iuÕ úp,kh ùu oelafõ'
m%ia;drhg wkqj jia;=j
i& ksoyfia my<g jefÜ'
ii& ksh; fõ.hla iys; j p,kh fõ'
iii& ksh; ;ajrKhla iys; j p,kh fõ'
iv& ksh; ukaokhla iys; j p,kh fõ'
m%fõ.h
ld,h
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6 isg 10 olajd m%Yak i|yd
my; oelafjkqfha fN!;sl rdYSka myla fõ'
i& n,h
ii& CIu;djh
iii& mSvkh
iv& ;ajrKh
v& ld¾h m%udKh
6& r:hla uv iys; mdrl .uka lrk úg ufâ tÍ hdug fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkqfha
l=uk rdYsh uÕska o@
7& lsishï nrla by<g tiùfï § ñka l=uk rdYsh wvq lr .ekSu i|yd ir, hka;% Ndú;
flf¾ o@
8& fudag¾ r:hl welai,f¾grh mE.Sfï § jeä lr .; yelafla l=uk
rdYsh$rdYSka o@
9& <s|lska c,h fmdïm lsÍu jvd blauKska isÿ lsÍu i|yd l=uk rdYsh jeä w.hla
.kakd c, fmdïmhla Ndú; l< hq;= o@
10& jev myiq lr .ekSu i|yd ir, hka;% fhdod .efka' hka;% Ndú;d lr iy fkd lr
tlu jevh lsÍfï § fkd fjkia jk rdYsh l=ula o@
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