grading design and process( piquero
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Land Grading involves the reshaping the
ground surface to planned grades as
determined as engineering survey,
evaluation, and layout. Land gradingprovides:
more suitable topography for buildings, facilities,
and other land uses
Helps to control surface runoff, soil erosion,
sedimentation during and after construction.
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Aesthetics
Geomorphic
Blends ecologically and visually with the character of
the existing natural landscape.
Architectonic
Creates uniform slope and forms usually are crisply
defined geometric shades.
Naturalistic
Most common type of grading, particularly in suburbanand rural settings. It is a stylized approach in which
abstract (or organic landforms are used) to present or
imitate landscape.
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Enclosure
Provides safety and protection such as restraining
children from running.
Containment
Protection
Privacy
Screening
It terminates the lines and eliminates undesirable
views.
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Enhancing topography
Proposed landforms, topography or grade
changes and design elements maybe constructed
or placed to emphasize, negate or have a little
impact on visual structure of the landscape.
Basic considerations:
Enhance
Compliment
Contrast Conflict particular landscape context
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A cut is the
removal of a
portion of a sites
naturaltopography.
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Fill is the process
of blending
additional earth
into a sitesexisting
topography.
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A combination of
cut and fill.
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Grading that results in radical loss of
vegetation and or topsoil
Grading that interrupts the natural drainage
Grading that results in aesthetic degradationGrading on difficult slopes (excess of 25%), in
floodplains, estuaries, or bogs, or in other
environmentally unique conditions.
Grading in areas susceptible to naturaldisasters, such as mud slides or along
earthquake fault lines.
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Mulch
-Is a protective cover
placed over the soil,
to retain moisture,
reduce erosion,
suppress weed growth
and seed germination,
and provide nutrients
as they decay.
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Planting
Selected trees,
shrubs, and vines
(indigenouspreferred)
Plant roots and
detritus knit and
hold the surfacesoil layers.
Mortar bags
Treated bags filled
with dry sand-
cement mortar.
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Rubble
-Dumped or placedfragments of broken
stone.
-Rubble is broken
stone, of irregularsize, shape and
texture.
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Gabions
-boxes filled withsoil or sand-For erosion controlcaged riprap is used.-For dams orfoundationconstruction,cylindrical metalstructures are used.
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Rip-rap
- is rock or othermaterial used toarmour shorelines,streambeds, bridgeabutments, pilingsand other shorelinestructures againstscour, water or iceerosion.
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Cribbing
A laid-up crib at
interlocking used
metal or concrete
members filled with
rock ballast.
Footing
Pored concrete with
stone or ceramic
facing
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Piling-Interlocking sectionsof steel or pre-castconcrete-a column of woodor steel or concrete
that is driven intothe ground toprovide support fora structure
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Retaining wall
- Cast wall may be
left rough- with formboard or exposed
aggregate texture.
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EMBANKMENT LANDSCAPE CURVE
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GULLY SWALES
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DITCH
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MOUND KNOLL
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Landscape curve is
used to blend cut
buttons and tops of
engineeredembankments. Such
naturalized slopes
are more stable and
more pleasing to theeye.
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