green building and energy efficiency
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US Energy Consumption by Sector, 2012, DOE/EIA
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US Electricity Consumption by Sector, 2012, DOE/EIA
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Why Start with End Use Demand?
• It’smuchmorecost-effec/vetocutdemandthanincreasesupply!
• Peoplewant“energyservices”not“energy”– Hea/ng/cooling– Ligh/ng– Transporta/on– Etc.
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We Once Thought Green Building Offered A Pathway to a Better Future
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CategoriesofConcern(LEED2009):• LandUse/Transporta/on(26%)• WaterUse(10%)• EnergyUseReduc/on(35%)• Materials&ResourceConserva/on(14%)• IndoorEnvironmentalQuality(15%)
Results:LEEDCer/fied~35,000projectsthrough2016,~20%outsidetheUS(Canada,China,Brazil)
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• Resourcesavings(energy,water,waste)– Averageenergysavings15%-25%vs.conven/onal• Notwelldocumented,however
• Improvedbuildingdesigns,materials&integrateddesignprocesses
• Healthierbuildings(IAQ,dayligh/ng,views)• Higherrents&salesprice(commercialrealestate)• Produc/vitygains
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Source: US DOE/EIA; Architecture 2030
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• Defini/onofa“good”building–changed• Architecturaleduca/on&prac/ce-changed• Buildingengineeringprac/cechanged,esp.toreduceenergyuse– E.g.,60kBtu/sq.e./yearwasthenormforoffices– Now30kBtu/sq.e./yearisachievedincommonprac/ce
– Netzeroenergyisachievablenowinmanyprojects• Construc/onprac/ces–changed• Policymakers&gov’tagencies-educated
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We Started with a Simple System…
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Vs.
Consider: >10,500 interpretations of 69 credits!
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US Nonresidential LEED Certified Projects
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US Nonresidential LEED Market Uptake
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US Nonresidential LEED Market Uptake
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US Nonresidential LEED Market Uptake
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US Nonresidential LEED Market Uptake
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US Higher Education LEED Market Uptake
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• Exis/ngcer/fica/onsystems,suchasLEED,won’tgetuswhereweneedtogo,EVER
• Buildingcodes(e.g.,CALGreeninCA)offersomebenefitsin“raisingthefloor”forall,butchangeinoverallcarbonfootprintislimited
• Greenbuildinghasfailedtodeliverenoughbusinessbenefitsatcurrentcoststogainwidespreadadop/on
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Is There a Better Way �to Build Green?
Toget10xgreateruptakein10years?
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• Worthwhilegoalforeverynewproject– Hardonbuildingsabove4stories
• Combinelowenergyusew/renewables– Onsitesolar
• Lookforzeronetenergyretrofitopportuni/es Singapore BCA Academy
Net Zero Retrofit, 2009
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• Cincinna/PoliceHQ• 40,000sq.e.,2015occupancy
• EUI:27kBtu/sq.e./year(firstyear)– 67%belowconven/onal
• PV:327kWrooeop/parkingstructure
• 40geothermalwells• Design/build:nobudgetincrease!
Architect: emersionDESIGN LLC
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Rooftop Solar PV PV on Parking Canopy
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• Radicallycutcarbonemissions–primarygoal– 2030goals:zeronetenergyonALLnewbuildings
• Reinventgreenra/ngsasmanagementtoolsforcon/nuousimprovement
• SetBigHairyAudaciousGoals(BHAGs):Increaseuptake10xin10years,from4%to40%ofbuildingarea
• Howcanwedothisfastandcheap?
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• Technologymegatrendspusheverytoolandsystemtobesmaller,faster,lighter,cheaper,denser,withmoreuserengagement,etc.
• Greenbuildingcanpiggybackonthesemegatrends
• Whatweneedaretech-enabled“smart”greenbuildings,withequally“smart”ra/ngandassessmentsystems
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• Cloudcompu/ng,BigDataanaly/cs,InternetofThings,cheapsensors&algorithms
• Realestateopera/onaldataisakeyasset• Mostfacilitymanagementwillbeoutsourced– Centralizeintelligence,butdecentralizesensing
• Opportuni/eshuge:Microsoesaves$8M/yearonenergyatRedmond,WAcampus
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SWITCH AUTOMATION
Source: www.measurabl.com
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SWITCH AUTOMATION
Source: www.measurabl.com
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• UseBigDataanaly/cstostreamlineevalua/ons• Leveragealgorithmstoassesssustainability– Self-drivingcars
• Cloudcompu/ngoffersthechancetostartcheaply,acrossmul/pledevices&proper/es
• It’simportanttohavealow-costapproachthatmakessensetobuildingownersanddevelopers,aswellasgovernment
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The Edge, Amsterdam, 98%+ BREEAM rating, 27,000 sensors
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• Canyouhackcer/fyingnewsustainablebuildingsat1/10thto1/100ththecurrentcostand50xfaster?– Hint:Youmayhavetoauditresultsatrandom,liketheIRS– Usingonlyinputfromdesign&construc/ondocuments?
• Canyoucomeupwithacredibleprogramformassivelyimprovingexis/ngbuildings’energyuse?– Meetgoalof50%lessenergyuseby2030– Usedronestodocumentenergywasteviathermography?– Usevirtual/augmentedrealitytodrivechange?
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• MostefficientNet-Zeroenergyapproachesvs.climatezoneandbuildingtype
• Benefitsofdistrict-scaleenergyvs.rooeopsolar;integra/onofrooeopsolarwithonsitestoragevs.“gridstorage”
• Greenchemistryforhealthierbuildingmaterialsthatareascheap&effec/veascurrentlyused
• “80/20”rulesforhealthybuildings(e.g.,whatspecificdifferencesmakethebiggestoveralldifference?)
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