green legos 6 ns a map to tax return analysis
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Green Legos Six Ns and
A Map to Tax Returns
A guide to tax return analysis for bankers.
Training Open-enrollment Onsite OnlineResource Guides Financial Statement Analysis Tax Return Analysis
Linda KeithI help lenders say “Yes” to good loans.
LEGO™ APPROACH
To Tax Return Analysis
Picture a pile of Legos™, most of them green. Build something with them and you’ll have a model of the tax return.
Green Legos represent Recurring Cash Flow
Why do we need green legos?
Taxable income is not necessarily cashflow Cashflow is not necessarily taxable Our job is to find recurring cashflow
Examples of Recurring Cashflow
Wages ◘ Rentals ◘ Capital Gains ◘ Child Support ◘ Business
BLUE Legos represent Noncash items
Why do we need to find and get rid of blue legos?
Noncash items do not impact the borrower’s ability to pay debt.
DepreciationCarryovers
Net Operating LossesK-1 Pass-throughs
Noncash Examples
No one wrote a check for these items!
Yellow Legos representNonrecurring items
Why do we need to find and get rid of yellow legos?
If you are looking for recurring cashflow, income not usually available won’t pay debt. If you are looking for recurring cashflow, expenses they do not usually incur won’t reduce future ability to pay debts.
Capital Gains?Alimony?Contract Receivable?Insurance Proceeds?
Examples of Nonrecurring
Income
Why question marks? These may or may not be recurring. Check.
Lawsuit settlementFlood repairsStart-up costs
NonrecurringExpenses
Look harder for nonrecurring expenses when you are digging for dollars!
Red Legos representRed Flags
Why do we need to find and resolve red legos?If the deal does not make sense or the numbers make you nervous, you could be looking at fraudulent statements or a business getting into trouble.Even if you aren’t worried, you need to recognize what will worry the underwriters or loan review. Get those questions resolved and you have a better chance of making the loan.Or if is not a good loan, move on to the next opportunity!
Inadequate taxesSettlement Fees
Red Flags
If something doesn’t look right, pick up the phone and call the borrower.
Let’s face it, sometimes it is a mystery.
If it is income…• Is it needed to qualify?• Is it needed for best pricing?
If you cannot tell by looking what color the lego is…here is how to decide whether to pursue it.
If yes…• Check other years• Ask borrower
Let’s face it, sometimes it is a mystery.
If it is outgo…• Is an addback needed to qualify?• Is an addback needed for best pricing?
If you cannot tell by looking what color the lego is…here is how to decide whether to pursue it.
If yes…• Check other years• Ask borrower
RecurringCashflow
Use the green lego approach.You’ll start with this…
RecurringCashflow
And end with this…
FOR ANY TAX RETURN
6 Ns From Taxable Income to Cashflow
Some bankers just LOVE the Green Lego Idea.
Others think I must be NUTS! Well, maybe so….
From taxable income to recurring cashflow to pay debt
I long ago learned that there is more than one way to explain the same thing. Comes in handy in my tax return analysis training and webclasses. So let’s try the 6 Ns.
To get to Historical Cashflow
Start with taxable income…
Add nontaxed income
Subtract nondeducted expenses
Add back noncash expenses
To get to Recurring Cashflow
Start with historical cashflow…
Add new income
Subtract nonrecurring income orAdd back nonrecurring expenses
Subtract nondocumented income
Nontaxed income• Child support and Tax-exempt interest• Untaxed portion of social security, pensions, IRAs
Nondeducted expenses/losses• 50% meals and entertainment• Excess capital losses
Noncash expenses• Depreciation, amortization, depletion• Net Operating Losses and Carryovers
New income or expenses• New rental, business contract or job• This could be anything
Nonrecurring income or expenses• Insurance proceeds or legal settlement fees received• Disaster repairs, alimony paid, charitable contributions
Nondocumented income• Child support received, alimony, notes/contracts receivable• This could be any income that you do not need to qualify the borrower
A few examples of each:
CANADA TO MEXICO
The Road Trip Method
Take the direct route.
Which one of these pictures looks like you at work?
Or is it this one?
Imagine you are headed from Vancouver, British Columbia to Tijuana, Mexico and time is short…
You won’t visit the Space Needle, then Yosemite National Park, then the Oregon Coast, Fisherman’s Wharf in San Francisco, back up to the home of the Appaloosa Stallions, on to Hollywood and then to Mexico.
This is more like it!
Start at the top of the return. Work your way down, step by step!
When you get to a line that comes from somewhere else, circle it and trace it to the source. In this case, Schedule B.
Take the detour to Schedule B and review that schedule for adjustments or questions.
I circle the number on page one to show I traced it. Then I circle the total on the supporting schedule to show I checked that it is the same as the number on the front.
When you are done with that schedule, put a checkmark to show you are … then back to page one and continue down the main highway.
Whenever you get interrupted by a phone call or meeting, draw a line where you are. It will be easy to pick it back up after the interruption.
For Historical:• Nontaxed• Nondeducted• Noncash
Recurring… Continue with
• Nonrecurring• New• Nondocumented
Works for Historical or Recurring Cashflow
Start in Canada and
head to Mexico
Find the GREEN Legos
Congratulations
You have successfully completed
Tax Return AnalysisGreen Legos, Six Ns and a Map
Presented by Linda Keith CPA
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• Green Legos, 6 Ns, a Map• Types of Business Entities• Cash vs Accrual• Depreciation• Debt, Debt Ratios, Shortcuts• 1040 Schedule C & F Series• 1065 Partnership/LLC Series• 1120 Corporation Series• 1120S S Corporation Series
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