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Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
1
Recycling C&D While Managing Organics/Wood
Prepared For:
Environmental Business Council
October 28, 2005
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
2
This Document…• Identifies why C&D derived wood is a
“must handle” when you are recycling mixed C&D
• Identifies the “types” of C&D wood by general category
• Identifies existing and future uses of C&D wood
• Briefly outlines “barriers” that must be overcome
• Provides general processing methodologies for wood extraction based on re-use opportunities
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
3
C&D Waste Stream (GSE Experience)
• Extractable wood [clean/dirty] (35-45%)• Cardboard (3-5%)• Aggregate (3-10%)• Ferrous & non-ferrous (4-8%)• Fines/ADC (12-50%) [highly variable based on process,
screen size and mission of facility)
• Non-recyclables (10-20%) [carpet, rags, plastics, insulation, etc.)
• Other [shingles, wallboard, engineered material)
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
4
Why is C&D Wood a “Must Handle”?
• Wood volume can be over 60% of the waste stream
• Generally well over 40% by weight.
• Without diverting or recycling 40% of the waste stream a break-even scenario is not likely.
• C&D wood has many useful applications that are cheaper than disposal (mostly diversionary)
• Why waste air-space on a commodity that has a low compaction ratio?
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
5
Types of Wood in C&D
• Clean wood (basically “exemptible”)
• Manufactured wood (glues, veneers)
• Treated wood (CCA, creosote), and
• Painted wood (latex, oil, lead)
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
6
Current Markets (Pre-Ban)
• ADC (lined landfill)
• Grading & Shaping (lined landfill)
• Landfill Closure (unlined landfill)
• Sludge Bulking Agent• Fuel for Wood Burning Energy Facilities
(e.g. Borolex)
• Fuel for Municipal Waste Combustors (based on season and moisture)
• Re-use centers (large timbers/engineered materials)
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
7
Wood Fuel
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
8
Potential Use-Landfill Closure [fill]
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
9
Fines Generated From a 1” Screen
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
10
C&D FinesFines Generated From a 3 –Inch Screen
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
11
C&D Residuals6-Inch Residuals Generated From a Grinding Process
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
12
Post-Ban Markets (Potential)
• ADC• Shaping & Grading• Closure• Sludge Bulking• Fuel (clean & “dirty”)
• Wood Chip & Mulch (demo project)
• Animal Bedding (demo project)
• Bio-solid Composting Amendment (demo project)
• Stabilization & Erosion Control (demo project)
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
13
Clean C&D Wood(Let’s Find a Value-Added Use)
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
14
C&D Wood Demonstration Project
The intent of this demonstration project was to prove that wood extracted from the C&D waste stream can be utilized for higher value-added uses, to include:
Mixing with mulch or wood mulch, Using for chips (including colorized chips), Mixing with bio-solids for compost, Animal bedding, and Manufacturing (pellets, logs, particle board, etc.)
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
15
Key Participants
• S&J Exco, Inc. - Dennis, MA • Daniels Recycling Co, Inc. - Orleans, MA• New England Recycling, Inc. - Taunton,
MA• New Bedford Waste Services, LLC - New
Bedford, MA• Trojan Recycling, Inc. – Brockton, MA
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
16
Importance of Demonstration Project
• Ban on C&D wood in the beginning of 2004 (hey 2005 is close )– Ban imposes restrictions on the disposal of all
C&D wood whether it’s “clean” or “dirty”– Outlets for C&D derived wood consist of
“diversionary” markets such as:• ADC• Closure materials• Fuel
– Currently there is no existing market in Massachusetts for “clean” wood derived from C&D activities
– The industry needs diversification
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
17
Outcome of Project
• Data showed “clean” picked wood can be recycled
• Clean wood had similar chemical composition as exemptible wood waste (specifically coniferous and deciduous cuttings)
• Final report will be submitted to MA DEP by end of October 2005
• Will allow a facility to “recycle” rather than “divert” a portion of the wood from mixed C&D waste
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
18
Barriers to Overcome1. No BUDs for clean wood exist in MA2. Competition for diversionary uses has
increased, and markets have shrunk (e.g. H2S issues)
3. Costs for “diversionary” uses (cover, closure, shaping/grading) have increased considerably during the past several years.
4. Pricing for fuel appears to be getting better, however limited applications for “dirty” wood exist (e.g. CCA, creosote, lead - based on emissions control technologies)
5. Energy facilities must shift to newer control technologies to handle “dirtier” wood
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
19
Wood Extraction
• Must decide what the commodity(s) is (are) (e.g. landfill diversion, fuel, recycling)
• Must consider the following processing options:
– Kick sorting– Positive sort– Negative sort
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
20
Kick Sorting
• Kick sorting is extraction of the commodity up-front before co-mingling
• Usually utilizes an excavator and/or manpower
• Kick sorting reduces the potential for cross contamination
• Several facilities in MA/NH kick-sort wood for fuel
• Commodity – Clean, dirty, or mixed
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
21
Kick Sorted Wood
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
22
Positive Sorting
• Positive sorting is extraction of the commodity using a C&D processing line after co-mingling (e.g. picking platform/station)
• Usually manual labor separates the commodity from the rest of the waste stream
• Several facilities in MA/NH/RI/CT positive sort wood for fuel.
• Commodity – Clean (limited due to cross-contamination), dirty, or mixed
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
23
Positive Sorting
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
24
Negative Sorting
• Negative sorting – there is typically no extraction of the commodity
• All of the other material (recyclables/non-recyclables) is removed using screeners, magnets, eddy current, float tanks, etc.
• With negative sorting, your commodity is the last product discharged from the processing line
• With fuel production, this is becoming a beneficial strategy
Full Scale Indoor C&D Processing Facility
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
26
Important “Take-aways”
• Can C&D-derived wood be “clean?”
• Can C&D recycling facilities create different “types” of wood products?
• Can more wood be extracted from C&D?
• Are other diversionary markets needed?
Green Seal
Environmental, Inc.
28 Rt 6A
Sandwich, MA
02563
P (508) 888-6034
F (508) 888-1506
www.gseenv.com
27
More Information
• Green Seal Environmental, Inc. Greg Wirsen (508) 888-6034 or greg@gseenv.com, or www.gseenv.com
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