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Sustainability.Criteria.and.Indicators.for.the.Biomethane.Value.Chain..
Johan&Grope&&&Frank&Scholwin&(Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Weimar).
12.05.2016. Malmø.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.and.Energy.
Scien3fic&Consul3ng&
Expert&reviews&
Energy&
Waste&Manage@ment&
Biogas&technology&
virtual&ins3tute&&&
Prof.&Frank&Scholwin&&&&
associated&experts&
Services&for&&systems&integra3on.&
&Networking.&
&Knowledge&Transfer.&
&&Publica3on.&
Long&term&&experiences&&in&consul3ng&&and&research.&
&Na3onal&and&&interna3onal&&
mulidisciplinary&&network.&
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Content.
3.
! Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.in.Europe.–.How.it.works.! Relevant.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.in.BIOSURF.Partner.Countries.! Sustainability.Criteria:..
! GHG.Savings.
! Biodiversity.
! Land.Use.Change.
! Feedstock.
! Sustainable.Farm.Management./.Protec<on.of.Soil,.Water.and.Air.
! Addi<onal.Sustainability.Criteria.
! Conclusions.
.
.
.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.in.Europe.–.How.it.works.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Renewable&Energy&Direc3ve&
Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.in.Europe.–.EU.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.
Fuel&Quality&Direc3ve&
COM&2010/C&160/01&
ILUC&Direc3ve&
• Sets.mandatory.targets.for.EU.member.states.for.renewable.energies,.incl..biofuels.• Defines.mandatory.sustainability.criteria.for.biofuels.and.bioliquids.(SC.for.gaseous.and.solid.biomass.
as.well,.but.not.mandatory).• GHG.savings,..• biodiversity.and.• land.with.high.carbon.stock.
• Describes.mass.balancing.system..
• Obligates.Member.States.to.reduce.GHG.related.to.the.consump<on.of.biofuels.for.transport.applica<on.by.10.%.<ll.2020.
• Same.SC.as.in.RED.
• Defines.possibili<es.for.stakeholders.to.show.that.SC.have.been.met,.e.g..by.using.voluntary.schemes.recognised.by.the.EC.
• defines.the.recogni<on.process.of.voluntary.schemes.by.EC.• Specifies.some.defini<ons.with.regard.to.land.with.high.biodiversity.and.high.carbn.stock.
• aims.to.promote.transi<on.from.conven<onal.biofuels.to.advanced.biofuels..
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Voluntary.Schemes.
• Voluntary.schemes.define.procedures.and.specify.the.requirements.of.sustainability.verifica<on..
• For.sustainability.verifica<on.in.accordance.to.EU.legisla<on,.cer<fica<on.bodies.may.choose.between.verifica<on.schemes.recognised.by.the.EC*..
• 19.voluntary.schemes.have.been.recognised.by.EC..• REDcert,.ISCC.and.NTA.8080.have.mainly.been.applied.for.sustainability.
verifica<on.of.biomethane.in.accordance.to.EU.legisla<on..
• Addi<onal.voluntary.schemes.exist,.which.have.not.applied.for.recogni<on.by.the.EC,.such.as:.
• Naturemade.Biomethane.(Switzerland).• Green.Gas.Label.(Germany).
*.European.Commission.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Relevant.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.in.BIOSURF.Partner.Countries.
AT&• Transport)Fuel)Ordinance)and)Act)on)Agricultural)Maw)materials)for)Biofuels:&&.....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC)..
• Green)Electricity)Feed)in)Tariff)Ordinance:&&&.....!.No.direct.SC,.only.different.tariffs.depending.on.feedstock,.introduc<on.of.SC........planned.following.recommenda<on.of.the.EC..
DE&• Biofuel)Quota)Act)and)Biofuel)Sustainability)Ordinance:&&.....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC);.......since.2015.biofuel.quota.related.to.GHG.saving.poten<al,.limita<on.of.feedstock..
• Renewable)Energy)Sources)Act)and)Act)on)the)PromoCon)of)Renewable)Energies)in)Heat)Sector:&&&
.....!.Some.requirements.regarding.sustainability,.like.limited.methane.emissions.and..
.....energy.use.for.upgrading,.limita<ons.of.feedstock.and.others..
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Relevant.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.in.BIOSURF.Partner.Countries.
FR&• Decree)of)November)23rd,)2011:&.....!.Defines.the.allowed.feedstock.and..for.biomethane.injected.into.the.gas.grid...
• Decrees)of)November)10th)2009)(decree)1),&August)12th)2010)(decree)2),&November)10th)2009)(decree)3)&:&&&
.....!.Defini<on.of.certain.requirements.for.biogas.plants,.concerning.digestate......
.....disposal,.biodiversity.assessment,.pollutant.and.odour.emissions.
• ImplemenCng)EU)legislaCon)on)biofuels:)......!.Biomethane.has.not.yet.been.recognised.as.biofuel.to.fulfil.the.biofuel.quota..
HU&• Law$CXVII.$(2010),$Government$Decree$343/2010,$Decree$36/2101$(XII$31.)$and$
Decree$42/2010$(XII.$20.):$$.....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC).
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Relevant.Legisla<on.&.Regula<on.in.BIOSURF.Partner.Countries.
IT&• Decree)31)March)2011)no.)55,)DM)23)January)2012)and)DM)10/08/2014:).....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC)..
UK&• Renewable)Transport)Fuel)ObligaCon)2011/2012)RTFO)2015:).....!.Implemen<ng.EU.legisla<on.on.biofuels.including.sustainability.criteria.(SC).
• Renewable)Heat)IncenCve)Scheme)RegulaCons)2011)and)2015:).....!.minimum.of.60.%.GHG.savings,.Repor<ng.about.feedstock.and.land.use.required..
• Renewable)ObligaCon)Order)2013)Y)England)&)Wales).....!.minimum.of.70.to.75.%.GHG.savings...$
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
A) EU&legisla3on&and®ula3on&&• Renewable.Energy.Direc<ve.(RED)..• Fuel.Quality.Direc<ve.(FQD)..• COM.2010/C.160/01.• ILUC.Direc<ve.
B) legisla3on&&®ula3on&in&BIOSURF&partner&countries:&• AT,.FR,.DE,.HU,.IT,.UK.
C) voluntary&schemes&recognised&by&the&European&Commission&(EC)&• Redcert.• ISCC.• NTA.8080.
D) voluntary&schemes¬&applied&for&recogni3on&by&EC&• Green.Gas.Label.(Germany).• Naturemade.Biomethane.(Switzerland)..
Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.on.Biomethane.in.the.EU.and.its.Member.States.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Sustainability.Cer<fica<on.on.Biomethane.in.the.EU.and.its.Member.States.
Biomass.produc<on.and.supply.
Biomethane.produc<on.facili<es.(incl..AD,.purifica<on.and.grid.injec<on).
gas.grid.
CHP.unit./.boiler.
CNG.vehicle.
GHG&Savings&
Biodiversity&
Land&Use&Change&
Sustainable&Farm&Management&
Protec3on&of&Soil&Water&and&Air&
Feedstock&
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
GHG.Savings.
EU&legisla3on&&®ula3on&
• 35.%,.50.%.from.2017,.60.%.from.2018.• fossil.comparator*.as.83.8.gCO2eq/MJ.• default&values&only.for.biomethane.from.
• municipal.organic.waste.• liquid.slurry.• manure.
• no&averaging&of&GHG&emission&figures.of.biomethane.from.different.substrates..*.for.transport.applica<on.
legisla3on&&®ula3on&in&BIOSURF&partner&countries&
• gas.<ght.system.(HRT*.of.150.days.&.backLup.system)..• limited&CH4&emissions&of&0.2&%&from.biogas.upgrading&• electricity.for.upgrading.limited.to.0.5.kWh/m3.raw.biogas.• only.heat.from.renewable.sources.for.biogas.upgrading.• biofuel"a&based&on&GHG&saving&poten3al&(only&in&EU)&
DE&
• limited.CH4.emissions.in.landfill.gas.upgrading.units.(5.%).
FR&
• RHI:.60&%&GHG&savings&(comparator:.87.gCO2eq/MJ).• RO:.70&to&75&%&GHG&savings,.non.waste.biomethane...U
K&
*.Hydraulic.Reten<on.Time;.**.RHI.=.Renewable.Heat.Incen<ve,.RO.=.Renewable.Obliga<on.Order.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
GHG.Savings.
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&& • 50&%&all&plants,&60&%&plants,&which&start(ed)&opera3ng&aber&October&2015&
• GHG.savings.also.defined.in.case.of.electricity.and/or.heat.genera<on.or.grid.injec<on.N
TA&8080&
voluntary&schemes¬&applied&for&recogni3on&
by&EC&&
• 50.%.GHG.savings.in.case.of.grid.injec<on.or.use.as.fuel.for.transport.applica<on.
• checked.by.a.standardized.model.for.AD.plants.N
aturem
ade&
ISCC
&RE
Dcert&
• follow.EU.legisla<on.&.regula<on.(RED,.FQD,.COM.2010/C.160/01)..
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Biodiversity.
EU&legisla3on&&®ula3on&
• no.biomass.from.land.with.high.biodiversity.value,.such.as:.• primary.forest.and.other.wooded.land.• highly.biodiverse.grassland.
• reference.date:.January.2008.• excep<on.regarding.grassland,.if.produc<on.does.not.
interfere.with.nature.protec<on.purpose.• not.to.be.fulfilled.for.biomethane.from.waste.and.residues.
BIOSURF&partner&countries&
• mandatory.assessment.of.impact.on.biodiversity.FR&
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&&
REDc
ert&a
nd&ISCC
&
• specify.defini<ons,.such.as:.• ‘na<ve.tree.species’;..• ’areas.serving.purposes.of.nature.conserva<on’;..• ‘natural’.and.‘nonLnatural.highly.biodiverse.grassland’.• ‘human.interven<on’.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Biodiversity.
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&& NTA
&8080&
voluntary&schemes¬&applied&for&recogni3on&
by&EC&&
• guidelines.of.‘Integrated.Produc<on’.must.be.respected.in.case.of.biomass.cul<va<on.
Naturem
ade&
• specify.defini<ons,.such.as:.• ‘highly.biodiverse.grassland’.• ‘species.rich’.• ‘human.interven<on’.
• 10&%&of&cul3va3on&area&of&new&produc3on&loca3on&shall&be&leb&with&highest&conserva3on&value&of&concerned&land&
• various.addi<onal.mandatory.measures.regarding.restora<on,.preserva<on.and.strengthening.of.biodiversity..
• no.conversa<on.of.grassland.• extra.points.for.high.crop.rota<on.
Green&Ga
s&Labe
l&
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Land.Use.Change.
EU&legisla3on&&®ula3on&
• no.biomass.from.land.with.previously.high.carbon.stock:.• wetlands.• con<nuously.forested.areas.• peatland.
• reference.date:.January.2008.• COM.2010/C.160/01.specifies.defini<ons.and.excep<ons.• not.to.be.fulfilled.for.biomethane.from.waste.and.residues.
BIOSURF&partner&countries&
• Exclusion.of.biomass.from.areas.which.are.protected.by.conserva<on.laws.AT
&
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&&
REDc
ert&,&ISCC
&an
d&NTA
&8080& • specify.defini<ons,.such.as:.
• ‘wetlands’;..• ’con<nuously.forested.areas’;..• ‘canopy.cover’.• ‘peatland’.• ‘human.interven<on’.
• informa<on.on.land.use.since.November.2005.required.• same&as&EU&legisla3on&also&for&RHI&and&RO&U
K&
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Feedstock.
EU&legisla3on&&®ula3on&
(ILUC&Direc3ve)&
• 7&%&limita3on&of&the&share&of&energy&from&biofuels&produced&from&cereal&and&other&starch@rich&crops,&sugars&and&oil&crops&and&from&crops&grown&as&main&crops&primarily&for&energy&purposes&on&agricultural&land&
• indica<ve.0.5%.target.for.advanced.biofuels.(2017).• double.Coun<ng.for.biomethane.from.certain.materials.
(mainly.waste.&.lignoLcelluosic/nonLfood.cellulosic.biomass)..
BIOSURF&partner&countries&
• feedstock.allowed.for.biomethane.produc<on.is:.• landfill.waste.• agricultural.maqer.(including&energy&crops,&which&use&may&be&
soon&limited&@&except&for&intermediate&crops).• biowaste.and.household.waste.• urban.sludge.
FR&
• exclusion.of.biofuels.made.of.animal&fats&and&oils,.except:.• the.contamina<on.with.animal.fats.and.oils.is.negligible.• fats.and.oils.which.have.been.used.for.cooking.• separately.collected.biowaste.• certain.listed.waste.material.containing.animal.fats.and.oils.
• no&virtual&separa3on&in.case.of.mixing.substrates.
DE&
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Feedstock.
DE&
voluntary&schemes¬&applied&for&recogni3on&
by&EC&&
• maximum&of&60&%&&corn&and&cereal&grain&• higher.tariffs.are.paid.for.electricity.from.biomethane.
produced.from.certain.biomass.(e.g..straw,.clover.grass.used.as.catch.crop,.manure).
Green&Ga
s&Labe
l&
BIOSURF&partner&countries&
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&& REDc
ert&&
and&ISCC
&
• give.guidance.for.the.defini<on.of.waste.and.residues.• harmonised.list.of.waste.and.residues.eligible.for.double.
coun<ng.does.not.exist;.member.states.make.defini<ons.
• extra.points.for.mixed.crops,.clover.leguminous.crops..• no.gene<cally.modified.organisms.• no.use.of.glyphosate.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Sustainable.Farm.Management.&.Protec<on.of.Soil,.Water.and.air.
EU&legisla3on&&®ula3on&
• common.rules.for.direct.support.schemes.for.farmers.known.as.‘Cross.Compliance’&need.to.be.fulfilled..
BIOSURF&partner&countries&
• no.criteria.in.addi<on.to.EU.legisla<on.and.regula<on.
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&&
REDc
ert&&
and&ISCC
&
• ISCC.defines.requirements.for.those.countries,.where.Cross.Compliance.have.not.been.implemented.yet.(Bulgaria.and.Romania)..
NTA
&8080& • Several.addi3onal&mandatory&measures&in.order.to.ensure:.
• Preserva<on.and.improvement.of.soil.quality;.• Preserva<on.and.improvement.of.water.quality;.• no.water.from.nonLrenewable.sources.is.used;.• that.the.emission.of.harmful.substances.into.the.air.is.limited..
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Addi<onal.Sustainability.Criteria.
• ‘Compe33on&with&food&and&local&applica3ons&of&biomass’:.• local.prices.• cascading.• ILUC.low.risk.
voluntary&schemes&recognised&
by&EC&&
extra.points.for:.• high.share.of.organic.fer<lizer.and.low.intensity.of.pes<cides.• high.diversity.of.substrates.• small.transport.distances.and.plant.capacity.• high.energy.efficiency.• certain.use.of.biomethane.
NTA
&8080&
voluntary&schemes¬&applied&for&recogni3on&
by&EC&&
Green&Ga
s&Labe
l&
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Conclusions.
• Common.sustainability.criteria.in.case.of.biomethane.use.as.transport.fuel.are.defined.by.EU.legisla<on..
• Mayor.burdens.regarding.biomethane.cross.border.trade.originate.from.GHG&saving&criteria&and.from.individual&defined&criteria&on&the&na3onal&level..
• These.are.mainly:.• missing&default&values&of&GHG&saving&poten<als.for.biomethane.from.other.
substrates.than.municipal.waste,.liquid.slurry.and.manure;.• prohibi<on.of.averaging&GHG&savings&from.biomethane.of.different.
substrates;.• individual&criteria&based.on.na<onal.legisla<on,.such.as.limita<on.of.
feedstock..• In.order.to.overcome.exis<ng.barriers.of.cross.border.biomethane.trade.with.
regard.to.sustainability.cer<fica<on,.common.criteria.should.become.mandatory.for.all.biomethane.applica<ons.and.na<onal.criteria.should.only.focus.on.biomethane.u<liza<on..
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
Conclusions.
....©.2016.Ins<tute.for.Biogas,.Waste.Management.&.Energy,.Prof..Dr.LIng..Frank.Scholwin.................. ...............www.biogasundenergie.de.
.
.
Biogas&–&Key&technology&in&Energy&and&material&cycle&of&the&future&
&&
Prof.&Dr.@Ing.&Frank&Scholwin&&Ins3tute&for&Biogas,&Waste&Management&&&Energy&
&Henßstraße.9,.DL99423.Weimar.Tel.......+49.(0)3643.L.7.40.23.64.Mobil....+49.(0)177.L.2.88.56.23.Fax......+49.(0)3643.L.7.40.23.63.scholwin@biogasundenergie.de.....
&
www.biogasundenergie.de&&
Thank.you.very.much.for.your.aqen<on!.
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