grounding 101 grounding 101 – summer 2007 - ts3 why do we ground? protect equipment from fault...

GROUNDINGGROUNDING 101 101

GROUNDING 101

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 3

WHY DO WE GROUND?WHY DO WE GROUND?

Protect Equipment from Fault Currents

Protect People

SAFETY

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 4

Electricity will always follow theElectricity will always follow the path of least resistancepath of least resistance to groundto ground..

Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your body to get to groundbody to get to ground

Grounded Circuit Requirements:Grounded Circuit Requirements:• Path is continuous and permanentPath is continuous and permanent• Ample capacityAmple capacity• Low ResistanceLow Resistance• Circuit parts are bonded togetherCircuit parts are bonded together

WHY SHOULD WE GROUND?WHY SHOULD WE GROUND?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 5

WHAT DO WE GAIN?WHAT DO WE GAIN?

Provides personnel safety - #1 priorityProvides personnel safety - #1 priority

Provides a stable signal reference for Provides a stable signal reference for instrument accuracyinstrument accuracy

Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s)Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s)

Provides a discharge path for short Provides a discharge path for short circuits and lightning strikescircuits and lightning strikes

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 6

LIGHTNING PROTECTIONLIGHTNING PROTECTION

LIGHTNING FACTSLIGHTNING FACTS

Packs between 35,000 and 40,000 amperesPacks between 35,000 and 40,000 amperes

Generates temperatures as high as 50,000 CGenerates temperatures as high as 50,000 C

Travels as far as 40 milesTravels as far as 40 miles

Strikes somewhere on the earth every secondStrikes somewhere on the earth every second

Kills 100 people each year in the U.S.A.Kills 100 people each year in the U.S.A.

Destroys millions of dollars in property and equipmentDestroys millions of dollars in property and equipment

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 7

STATIC DISCHARGESTATIC DISCHARGE

THE UNWANTED SPARK

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 8

Example: TEL-COM CELL SITE

Grounding LocationsGrounding Locations

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 9

BURNDY HAS BURNDY HAS THREE TYPESTHREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTSOF GROUNDING PRODUCTS

COMPRESSION

EXOTHERMIC

(weld)

MECHANICAL

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 10

MECHANICALMECHANICAL

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 11

WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR?WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR? Makes a secure connection using bolts or other hardware to bind

conductors in place.

Range TakingRange Taking No special toolingNo special tooling InexpensiveInexpensive RemovableRemovable

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 12

WHAT ARE THE MOST WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON CONNECTORS?COMMON CONNECTORS?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 13

GBCable to bar with separator

GBMCable directly to bar

GZCable to bar loop

BUS BAR / FLAT BARBUS BAR / FLAT BARCONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 14

BUS BAR / FLAT BARBUS BAR / FLAT BAR

GCMTwo Cables directly to bar

GLTwo parallel cables / tap

QGFLEye in basket

GCTwo cable to bar with separator

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 15

KCServit postGKA

BUS BAR / FLAT BARBUS BAR / FLAT BAR

KPB

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 16

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBINGFENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING

GPTwo cable Perpendicular

GKThree cable parallel

GDTwo cable parallel

GARCable to rod

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 17

FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBINGFENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING

KCServit post

GGCable or braid to rod

GAR-TCCable at 45 90 degrees

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 18

FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBINGFENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING

GC-ADuel rated pipe clamps

Lower cost clamps

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 19

GROUND RODS / REBARGROUND RODS / REBAR

GAR

GRCGP GK

Three cable parallelTwo cable perpendicular

Ground Rod Clamp

Cable to rod

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 20

STATIC GROUNDSTATIC GROUND

GIEVehicle or temporary ground

GP-G1Raised flooring

GRFRaised flooring

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 21

CABLE & BRAIDCABLE & BRAID

Braid

GXCross connection

GGCable or braid to rod KA

Tap to run

Spans movable areas

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 22

RAIL & BEAMRAIL & BEAMTRANSFORMERTRANSFORMER

KCServit post

QGFLEye in basket

GA-HCable to H beam or tube

J&RGC

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 23

HIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTSHIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTS

KS25

AVAILABLE FROM

#2 TO 500 kcmil

UL Listed for direct burial

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 24

HIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split BoltHIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split Bolt

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 25

HIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split BoltsHIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split Bolts

Used for any combination of copper and aluminum conductors.

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 26

JOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUMJOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUM

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 27

RAISED FOOR GROUNDINGRAISED FOOR GROUNDING

RAISED FLOOR GROUND GRIDS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 28

GRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOORGRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOOR

Can be used on round or square pedestals

Accommodates one or two grounding wires

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 29

GP-G1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOORGP-G1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOOR

Epoxy paint penetrating

Can be used on round or square pedestals

Accommodates one or two grounding wires

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 30

QUESTION:QUESTION:WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR NOTNOT

ACCEPTABLE?ACCEPTABLE?

When a permanent connection is called out,

or

When connection is exposed to severe conditions such as extreme vibration

ANSWER:

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 31

MECHANICALMECHANICALQUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 32

BURNDYWELDBURNDYWELD

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 33

USES AN EXOTHERMIC PROCESS TO JOIN COPPER

PROVIDES A SOLID COPPER IRREVERSIBLE BOND

WILL NOT LOOSEN OR CORRODE AT THE WELD

BURNDYWELDBURNDYWELD

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 34

EXOTHERMIC PROCESSEXOTHERMIC PROCESS

The exothermic process is a simple, efficient method of welding copper to copper or copper to steel.

This process uses a high temperature reaction of powdered copper oxide and aluminum.

Reaction takes place in a graphite mold.

Mold will last for 50 or more welds with proper care.

This system is very field friendly, since it is light and portable and requires no outside power.

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 35

MOLD

THE SEQUENCE OF STEPSTHE SEQUENCE OF STEPS Open mold using handle

clamp, and insert the conductors as desired

Insert steel disc into the mold cavity

Pour powdered metal into the mold cavity

Close the lid

Tap powder container to add the starting powder to ignition pocket

Use flint device to ignite

Brush and remove mold

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 36

SIX STEPS FOR SIX STEPS FOR A PERFECT A PERFECT

BURNDYWELDBURNDYWELD1.1. 2.2.

3.3. 4.4.

5.5. 6.6.

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 37

OVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDSOVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDS

WELD TO REBAR

CABLE TO CABLE

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 38

MOUNT TO FLAT OR ROUND SURFACE

MOLDSMOLDS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 39

SINGLE SHOTSSINGLE SHOTS

PROVIDES THE SAME WELD RESULT IN A COST EFFECTIVE, ONE TIME USE PACKAGE

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 40

WELD WELD QUALITYQUALITY

What do What do you look you look

for?for?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 41

WELD QUALITY

Many factors contribute to the weld success

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 42

WELD INSPECTIONWELD INSPECTION

HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A WELD IN THE FIELD?WELD IN THE FIELD?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 43

COMMON PROBLEMS COMMON PROBLEMS WITH EXOTHERMIC WITH EXOTHERMIC

WELDINGWELDING

Moisture

Worn molds

Unclean conductors

Unclean mold

Mistakes made in welding process

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 44

ANY ANY QUESTIONS ON QUESTIONS ON BURNDYWELD?BURNDYWELD?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 45

COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 46

COMPRESSION THEORYCOMPRESSION THEORY

CREATION OF A HOMOGENEOUS MASS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 47

HY-GROUND SYSTEMHY-GROUND SYSTEM

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 48

COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION

BURNDY HAS DEVELOPED AN IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION GROUND SYSTEM WHICH MEETS THE STRINGENT SAFETY AND PREFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS UL AND IEEE.

CONNECTORS EMPLOY WELL PROVEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR OVER 60 YEARS.

»Range TakingRange Taking

»PermanentPermanent

»Safe to installSafe to install

»Quick and EasyQuick and Easy

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 49

COMMON APPLICATIONSCOMMON APPLICATIONS Where HY-GROUND is used

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 50

GRID LAY OUTGRID LAY OUT

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 51

COMPONENTS OF HY-GROUNDCOMPONENTS OF HY-GROUND

WHAT’S NEEDEDProper Connector

Correct Crimping Tool

Specified Die

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 52

IRREVERSIBLE CONNECTION

RATED FOR DIRECT BURIAL

MANY COMPONENTS AVAILABLE

CONNECTORSCONNECTORS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 53

MEETS REQUIREMENTSMEETS REQUIREMENTS

UNDERWRITERS LAB TESTS

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

IEEE 837 REQUIREMENTS

UL96 LISTED FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION

CANADA STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

APPROVED FOR DIRECT BURIAL

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 54

UL LISTINGSUL LISTINGS

Rigorous testing in the Burndy UL facilities ensures all product exceed standards.

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 55

SUPERIOR CONNECTIONSUPERIOR CONNECTION

PRE-FILLED WITH PENETROX OXIDE-INHIBITOR

Superior connection

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 56

PENETROX E FILLEDPENETROX E FILLED

SHOWS VERY FEW CONTACT POINTS

Penetrox Fills The Gaps For Better Contact

Air Gaps

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 57

EASY TO INSPECTEASY TO INSPECT

DIE INDEX EMBOSSMENT. Match embossed number to the number

listed the on connector.

U-997

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 58

INSTALLS IN ANY ENVIRONMENTINSTALLS IN ANY ENVIRONMENT

Installs In Wet Environments

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 59

YGL-CCross connection

YGLR-CGround rod to grid

YGHP-CFigure 6

YGHC-CFigure C

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUNDCOMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 60

YGHR-CFigure 8

YGHP-CGround rod or tap Wire

third handYGIBCrimp to structure

H-TapSplice or tap

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUNDCOMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 61

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUNDCOMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND

YGHS HGSSplice- heavy duty / standard

YGHAHylug

GSTUD-HYVersitail weld on

YGFGrounding plate

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 62

YGHC-C

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTORFINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 63

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTORFINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 64

HY-GROUND CRIMPING TOOLSHY-GROUND CRIMPING TOOLS

Y46 HY-PRESS REMOTE HEAD

Y750HS

PAT750XP 18V PATRIOT 18VOLT

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 65

FINDING THE PROPER DIEFINDING THE PROPER DIE

Installation Data Listed in Catalog

INSTALLATION DATA

DIEINDEX

NUMBER

Y750/Y35Y39

HYPRESS

1Y45

HYPRESS

2Y46

HYPRESS

NUMBER OF

CRIMPS

C U-C U-C U-C 1

O U-O U-O U-O 1

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 66

ANY ANY QUESTIONS ON QUESTIONS ON COMPRESSION?COMPRESSION?

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 67

WHERE DO YOU USEWHERE DO YOU USE THE THE THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING

PRODUCTS?PRODUCTS?

COMPRESSION

EXOTHERMIC

(weld)

MECHANICAL

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 68

TEL-COM TOWER

CONNECTION APPLICATIONSCONNECTION APPLICATIONS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 69

CENTRAL OFFICE SITE

CONNECTION APPLICATIONSCONNECTION APPLICATIONS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 70

DIFFERENT WIRE TYPESDIFFERENT WIRE TYPES

ALWAYS KNOW THE SIZE AND TYPE OF WIRE YOU ARE CRIMPING

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 71

WIRE GAGEWIRE GAGE KEEP A WIRE MIKE HANDY FOR WIRE IDENTIFICATION

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 72

AVOID CORROSIONAVOID CORROSION

USE PENETROX-E USE PENETROX-E OXIDE INHIBITOR OXIDE INHIBITOR

ON COPPER ON COPPER CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 73

THANKS FOR CONSIDERING BURNDY PRODUCTSTHANKS FOR CONSIDERING BURNDY PRODUCTS

PLEASE CONTACT US IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PRODUCT NEEDS.

TECHNICAL SERVICE (800) 451-4956

NEVER LET LIFE BE A SHOCK TO YOU!NEVER LET LIFE BE A SHOCK TO YOU!