growth crossings: trade flows 2020 infographic
Post on 26-Jan-2017
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Sources Evenett, Simon (2014); The Global Trade Disorder: the 16th Global Trade Alert, CEPR Press, London. UNCTAD.International Chamber of Commerce.
An infographic by The Economist Intelligence Unit
Two or more countries do not automatically trade with each other; they have to be open to it. Fortunately, most of the world’s significant economies are more open to trade today than in the past decade. However, the number of state-sponsored measures biased against foreign commercial interests, such as local content requirements, tariffs and export taxes, has increased since 2008 and exceeds the number of measures that improve trade transparency.
Notes The countries in this infographic represent the Group of 20 major economies.
The persistence of protectionism
Top 10 countrieswith protectionist policies
Top 10 countriesdiscriminated against
Number of measures that discriminate against foreign firms, 2008-2014.Developing economies comprise the top five countries that have erected protectionist policies since 2008. Apart from China, advanced economies have borne the brunt of these policies.
1Russia 307
2Argentina 216
3India 215
4Brazil 106
5Indonesia 87
6Germany 75
7USA 73
8Japan 66
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9China
China
USA
Germany
France
UK
Italy
Japan
South Korea
India63
994
RANKINGCOUNTRY MEASURES RANKING COUNTRYMEASURES
982
853
764
747
742
657
651
583
10 10Italy / UK Canada61 540
−8%
Less Open to trade More Open to trade
−7% −6% −5% −4% −3% −2% −1% 0% +1% +2% +3% +4% +5% +6% +7% +8%
Trade openness: Somewhat improvedDifference of total trade as a % of GDP from the 10-year average, 2005-2014.In the past decade, using total trade relative to GDP as a proxy for trade openness, Japan and Turkey have become much more open, while China and Saudi Arabia have become much less open.
China
UK
Australia
Canada
France
Germany
India
Indonesia
Saudi Arabia
Brazil
USA
South Africa
South Korea
Turkey
Japan
Mexico
Argentina
Italy
Global trade: Open passage?
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