growth & development of infants. physical development head to foot: head to foot: lift head,...
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Growth & Development of Infants
Physical Development
• Head to foot:Head to foot: lift head, gain muscle control of arms and hands
• Near to far:Near to far: wave arms, grab object, learn to pick up with thumbs and fingers• Simple to complex:Simple to complex: first eat with
fingers, than learns to use a spoon or fork
Growth During First Year• Weight-sign of good health-infant gains 1-2 lbs each month from birth
to 6 years old-Second 6 months=baby gains weight less
rapidly than in first 6 months.• Height-heredity influences height more than weight-At about a year old, average height=30
inches• Proportion-size relationship between different parts of
body -During first year, proportions of baby’s body
change.
Development During First Year
• Sight -newborn can focus on something that 7-10 inches
away and at 1 month, 3 feet -prefers high contrast , stripes, faces, bull's-eyes,
and the color red -helps develop hand eye coordination• Hearing -develops before birth -responds to a tone of a voice and is alarmed at
loud angry voices • Taste & Smell - within ten days they can distinguish by smell their
mother from another person - taste rapidly develops
Development Continued…
• Voice - cry becomes softer as lungs mature - physical growth of the throat muscles, tongue, lips, teeth, and vocal cords• Teeth - development begins the sixth week of pregnancy - first set of teeth are called primary teeth (baby teeth) which come at six to
seven months of age -Causes pain, swelling, and baby becomes cranky• Motor Skills - depends on muscle control - requires intellectual, social, & emotional development which shows during the
first year.
Motor Skills• 1 month:
lifts chin when placed on stomach• 2 months:
lifts chest well above surface when placed on stomach• 3-4 months:
holds head up steadilyunsteadily reaches for objects
rolls from side to back or back to side• 5-6 months:sits alone briefly
turns completely over when laid on back or stomach• 7-8 months:eats with fingers
picks up large objectspulls self up while holding onto furniture
• 9-10 months:reaches for and manipulates objects with good control
crawls on hands and knees• 11-12 months:
may walk alonepicks up small objects using thumb and forefinger
fits blocks, boxes, or nesting toys inside one another
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