h. haseroth friday, august 31, 2001 mug meeting 1 overview of the cern neutrino factory machine...
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H. HaserothFriday, August 31, 2001
MUG Meeting1
Overview of the CERN Neutrino Factory Machine Studies
H. Haserothfor the
Neutrino Factory Working Group
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The Basic Concept of ANeutrino Factory
Proton driver High-power proton beam onto a targetSystem for collection of the produced pions and their decay products, the muons.Energy spread and transverse emittance have to be reduced: “phase rotation” and ionisation coolingAcceleration of the muon beam with a linac and “RLAs” (Recirculating Linear Accelerators) Muons are injected into a storage ring (decay ring), where they decay in long straight sections in order to deliver the desired neutrino beams.
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Goal: 10E21 muons/year
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The original idea as expressed by Kurt had the goal of having ready two future options for CERN at the time when LHC is running: CLIC and the Neutrino Factory.
CLIC had been started much earlier and with this argument a distribution of R&D resources of 1/3 for the NF and 2/3 for CLIC has been justified.
Formally we are not too far away from the 1/2 ratio (of course we are lower!). It must, however, be remembered - especially when we are compared to the US - that in our case the proton driver (SPL and accumulator / compressor rings) is counted as "NF activity". The proton driver is a substantial element in our CERN scenario. In the US this is not really counted as NF activity, but as a mere and simple upgrade of their existing machines.
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Activities concerning the Proton Driver(Main CERN Actors with substantial fraction of their time)
SPL (Garoby, Lombardi, Vretenar)
Accumulator Ring (Schonauer, Metral, Cappi)
Compressor Ring (Schonauer, Metral, Cappi)
Fast cycling Synchrotrons (Schonauer)
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Schematic Layout of the SPL(4 MW of Beam Power)
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The SPL on the CERN site
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- 150 - 100 - 50 50 100 150z
50
100
150
200
250
300
x
RAL Accumulator (1)
ISR tunnel
2.2 GeV RAL Accumulator
Mean ring radius=150 m
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RAL Accumulator & CERN Compressor (2)
Accumulator & Compressor
Accumulator
Compressor
in ISR Tunnel
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33 Hz Operation with 3.41 1014 p/p : End of Compression (Phase painting +/- 90 deg)
8 turns 10 turns
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Non Proton Driver Activities(Main CERN Actors with substantial fraction of their time)Target and collection (magnetic horn) work, i.e. simulations of pion production, simulations of capture and experimental work on target issues (Ravn, Lettry, Volker, Maugain)
Simulation of the phase rotation (energy reduction), of the cooling channel and of the acceleration in the first linac (Lombardi, Hanke, Holzer)
Simulation the RLAs (Recirculating Linear Accelerators) and of the Decay Ring (Keil, Verdier)
Work by ST for layout on the site (Poehler)
Detector locations being investigated (Wenninger)
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Ideally a muon is stopped by passing through some material and is being accelerated in the forward direction.
Because it would have decayed in the meantime, only some reduction in longitudinal and transverse momentum is applied. The longitudinal momentum is being replaced again by RF acceleration.
Problem: Heating because of multiple scattering.
Principle of Ionisation Cooling
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p
t
Why a compressor ring? Why bunch rotation?(146 bunches during 3.3s)
Pions(used)
10 ns
1 ns 10 ns10 ns
Protons inaccumulator
Pionswasted
Pions(used)
Protons aftercompressor
Pions after target
Muons afterdrift
Muons afterphase rotation
1 ns
Works only if < 1
Works only if 1
(RF gradients)
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Asymmetric 88 MHz cavities
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Layout of 40/80 MHz Cooling Channelbeam in
beam out
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Parameters of Recirculating Linacs (RLAs)
Parameters of Decay Ring
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Preliminary Layout of Neutrino Factory
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Arguments for an International Muon Cooling Experimental Demonstration
There are quite different opinions about the necessity to do a cooling experiment, however, the majority believes strongly that there is a need to demonstrate that ionisation cooling is indeed technically feasible. Some people feel that even the relevant programs need checking by experiments. One remark to answer criticism like "we know Moliere scattering and Maxwell's laws" is that in spite of knowing Maxwell's laws and the properties of superconducting cable one has built not only one but several magnet prototypes for the LHC. Muon ionisation cooling is by no means more trivial.
As a by-product of the discussions in the context of the cooling experiment several new ideas came already up, which were the result of stimulating exchange of ideas, not limited to the SPL and the target:
The idea of "Beta - beams", i.e production of neutrino beams by decay of radioactive isotopesVery important findings about the H2 absorber heat load due to electron beams from the cavities.
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A possible (poor man's ) Muon Cooling Experiment
The main hardware is composed of the following items:
RF cavities RF transmitters, modulators and charging supplies Cavity sc solenoids Hydrogen absorbers Measuring lines at input and output including sc solenoids and data acquisition
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To minimise the cost, the following distribution of hardware contributions is envisaged (very personal and provisional!):
1) One 4 cell cavity from the US collaboration (LBNL)2) CERN (One rf transmitter refurbished with pieces from Linac1, one spare borrowed. Upgrading of power with special tube (old 516) needed. Russian manpower is sought to help)3) Swiss confederation, RAL, EU money?4) American / Japanese collaboration (IIT et al.)5) Collaboration of different physics institutes (V. Palladino)
+ a Muon Beam (PSI or RAL)
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Cooling experiment at PSI?
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