ham radio power and energy! ham radio depends on power & energy! it’s a whole new world of...
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Ham Radio Power and Energy!
Ham Radio depends on Power & Energy!
It’s a whole new world of Power
Finish this Sentence:
• There is nothing certain in life except
Death and ….
Finish this Sentence:
• There is nothing certain in life except
Death and ….
Taxes …
Finish this Sentence:
• There is nothing certain in life except
Death and ….
Taxes …
and Utilities!
Finish this Sentence:
• There is nothing certain in life except
Death and ….
Taxes …
and Utilities!
But you can do something about these!
Finish this Sentence:
• There is nothing certain in life except
Death and ….
Taxes …
and Utilities!
But you can do something about these!
Eliminate 100% to Zero!
Save 30%
Lets talk Solar!
Portable Power Generation350 W aux power1200W AC inverter $120
Invert to 120 VACFor distribution 95% efficiencySaves 100:1 in wire losses
Who is WB4APR?Who is WB4APR?
1970
1980
1990
2007
2010
2012
Future?
2009
2013
1978200
9
It’s a new world of Power
Power Systems have CHANGED!
Switching supply takes up 8% of the space
and only 10% of the mass and works 100-240 VAC
AND 100-330 VDC
9 amp 8 amp 18 amp
Power Distribution@ 330 VDCNearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC
Doubles 120 to 230 VAC
Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery
Eliminate 75% of
Distribution losses
730 mA
Power Distribution 330 VDCNearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC
Kenwood 115 VAC only supply
Actually has internal jumper
Eliminate 75% of
Distribution losses
Example: SWER Distribution
Problem: 6 Hr ops from Hill top 3200’ from car
Power Distribution SWEREmergency Power: Single Wire Earth Return
Double to 230 VAC at source
Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery
Not approved by NEC
Power Distribution SWEREmergency Power: Single Wire Earth Return
3200’ system fits in laptop bagNot approved by NEC
Power Distribution SWEREmergency Power: Use
Single Wire Earth Return
Not approved by NEC
Power Distribution SWEREmergency Power:
Single Wire Earth Return
Not approved by NECAnd 3200’ of #22 = 50 ohms
Power Distribution SWERSingle
Wire
Earth
Return
Not
approved
by NECDouble to 230 VAC at source
Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery
Power Distribution SWERSingle
Wire
Earth
Return
Not
approved
by NEC
2 Laptops, 50W dual band, 2 HT’s and APRS – 6 Hours
Golden Packet Event26 July
2010
14 Hops
Alabama to Maine!
2 Laptops, 50W dual band, 2 HT’s and APRS – 6 Hours
SUCCESS!
26 July
2014
220/330 VDC distribution
Greater distances At half the currentAt twice the power#18 zip cord can carry 1000 watts easily
50 kW peak (10 kW average)
Safe, cheap connectors
(Modified to prevent incorrect use.)
Hybrid - 50 kW generators on wheels
2005 in 2008$7k, 19k miles
P2
Prius Hotel P3
2005 in 2010$6k, 90k miles
P2
P1
Energy – it’s a whole new world!
Bob Bruninga, WB4APRAnnapolis, MD 21401http://www.aprs.org/alternative-energy.html
Solar Power for Electricity Electricity for commuting
Lighting
Fossil Burning Costs
Solar Power for Electricity Electric Vehicle Support
We include EV’s because about half of our easily-fixed energy is spent driving
At AFM we currently burn Propane for heat
Big Picture!
Heating
ElectricDriving
Lighting
When is the Payback ???When is the Breakeven ???
Paying for at-home Garbage Pickup -
is from Day ONE !
Big Picture!
When is the Payback ???When is the Breakeven ???
Paying for Sewage Plants – is from Day ONE !
Big Picture!
When is the Payback ???When is the Breakeven ???
Investing in Solar Power - is from Day ONE !Because that’s when we Stop Beating Mother Nature and stealing from our kids future.
Big Picture!
1 House, 1 Year
4 Tons of Coal
Yes, we have 100 years of coal, but there won’t be anything left of WV!
Big Picture!
OUR PRESENT LIFESTYLE
IS NOT SUSTAINABLE!
Or part of the Solution?
Are we part of the problem?
Just breathing Ur Car in Ur Garage
How long are you willing to stay in your garage with your engine running?
Just breathing Ur Car in Ur Garage
Just breathing Cars and Electricity
Breathing Cars, Electricity & Heat
Breathing Cars, Electricity & Heat for 24 hours
Breathing Cars, Electricity & Heat for a month
Clean Energy,SOLAR
Carbon Equivalence!
Each Panel = 8 Trees.
Our system = 312 trees!
= (3 acres of trees)
Big Picture!
Lighting: Save 4 to 1 Energy!(breakeven in 5 days!)
Only 1 in 4 households do it!
Cost 50 cents.
Save $50 over the life of the bulb!
House with 50 bulbs saves $2500
$1
Solar Power is here & Growing Exponentially
2013
Solar Cost! Equaled Utility in 2010Half the Utility in 2013
2009
I was so wrong!
• My concept of solar power was always this:
Battery Storage (off Grid)
Grid-tie Revolutionized Solar
• No Batteries!
Every Watt Produced is valued at full Retail Rates!
Grid-Tie
A simple Ground MountArray Cost
$15,000 2008
$ 9,000 2010
$ 6,000 2012
$ 3,000 2013
$ 2,000 2014
$ 1,900 2015
Panel
200 W
220 W
250 W
(300W)
What is Grid-tie Solar?As simple as a 20A breaker - L1, L2, N & Ground
Grid Solar Power = Emergency PowerGrid Solar Power = Emergency Power
• COMPLETELY DIVORCE any thoughts of “COMPLETELY DIVORCE any thoughts of “emergency emergency powerpower” from ” from Economical powerEconomical power..
• Solar power (grid-tie) Solar power (grid-tie) is for is for ECONOMICAL POWER!ECONOMICAL POWER!
• Emergency powerEmergency power has completely different optimal has completely different optimal solutions. (Short term and Armageddon)solutions. (Short term and Armageddon)
4444
$400$10,000
What isn’t Grid-tie Solar?
Standard Grid-tie SolarSeries up to 600 V to minimize wire loss (7A = #14 wire)
Grid-down Solar PowerEmergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems
Power Distribution@ 330 VDCNearly ALL modern switching supplies will run on VDC
Doubles 120 to 230 VAC
Rectify to 330 VDC for delivery
Eliminate 75% of
Distribution losses
730 mA
Grid-down Solar PowerEmergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems
Simple A/C Disconnect
60 amps
600v
Only $6
Grid-down Solar PowerEmergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems
TV, Stereo
PC, internet, laptop
Chargers: Cell
Ham Radio (Switching PS)
Lights (incandescent-series)
Anything with SW/PS
Grid-down Solar PowerEmergency Switch to 300 v to power Universal Powered Systems
TV, Stereo
PC, internet, laptop
Chargers: Cell
Ham Radio (Switching PS)
Lights (incandescent-series)
Anything with SW/PS
Well pump
Furnace Blower
Appliances
Heaters
A/C
Everything you NEED
Grid-down Solar PowerYou NEED a 200-500 VDC input – 60 Hz Inverter!
Prius Plug-out-kit: 2, 3 & 5 KVA 50 kW generator Hybrid!
Grid-down Solar PowerYou NEED a 200-500 VDC input – 60 Hz Inverter!
Leaf-to Home: 6 KVA – 24 kWh battery
Prius-to-Home (50 kW gen)
Solar Backup Power Ideas
• Even cloudy days = 10% of array power• Minimum overnight power: Refrigerator & Lights• 16 Hrs x 250W = 4 kWh• Four Deep-cycle Car Batteries
$150
$400
Angles - less important with Grid-Tie
Amazing, even due East, you still get 85% effectiveness!
Angles - less important, More Roof is!
Amazing! Increase power by 60% to 100% on other side!
• Federal gives 30% tax credit. No limit
• State of Maryland Grant – In 2010 for our 8kW system was $7000 – In 2011 was $5000– In 2013 was $1000– In 2014 is ??? (argh!)
• AA County Real Estate Tax credit– $2500
• Total Gov’t Tax Credits return ~ 40% of investment!
Government Incentives!
What to do with $12,000?
Put in bank @ 1%Pay $700/yr for life for electricity Buy 4 kW solar $12k
equityGet back $3600 immediately on taxesGet back $600/yr in SRECs (5 yrs)Get $700 free electricity/yearGet ??? From State? County? City?
$5,000 Equity left $ 900 Earned interest$5,900 EquityOwn nothingContinue $700/yr for life$ 0 after 7 more years
$12,000 System Value$ 3,600 Tax refund$ 3,000 SREC’s$18,600 EquityYou own your own Energy system NO utilities for life!
10 yrs
Finish this Sentence:
• There is nothing certain in life except
Death and ….
Taxes …
and Utilities!
But you can do something about these!
Eliminate 100% to Zero!
Save 30%
8% - 10%
Annapolis Church 9 kW Array $20k
Completed 31 Jan 2014
Now a year later, we have had 12 months of ZERO bills! (saving us $2400/yr)
Annapolis Church 9 kW Array
Inverter
Circuit Breaker Sturdy (don’t do this at home!)
System Components
Annapolis Church 9 kW Array
Tilt angle chosen was 25 deg instead of 35 deg to reduce visibiity (<1% loss)
Notice also that orienting to SE or SW would only lose <3%
Choosing Tilt Angle
50% Energy Driving to Church
http://aprs.org/EV-charging-everywhere.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
50% of Church’s energy/emissions due to driving!With the Solar array, EV driving is 100% renewable
Most of what we think we know about EV’s
might be wrong
Bob Bruninga, EVADC
Cost too much! Runs on coal from Power Plant (Carbon) Range too short Useless in power outage Planet Impact worse than a Hummer No Infrastructure Not enough chargers Takes too long to charge
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Most of us, Greybeards too,drive gas cars with gas-tank thinking
EVs Now cheaper than gas!....?2013
Over 30 EV’s now
on Market!(in just 4 years!)
Only 4 cost more than the average gas car! ($33k)
Public Charging (misplaced focus)
Provides comfort & security…
… like a spare gas can
EV Charging is done mostly at home or at work while parked
Background:
Public Charging (14% of need)
Buying an EV with the idea of public charging, means not understanding EV’s and maybe buying the wrong car!
Background:
Provides comfort & security…
like a spare gas can
85% of all charging is at home
A Battery is not a TANK!
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Gas cars drive-to-empty, then fill-to-full at Public Stations
EV’s charge daily at home and at work while parked
The Complete Paradigm Shift:
Every EV can charge from any 120v outlet
Charging stations for every EV is not sustainable at-work:
$6000 installed
Every EV comes with a 120v charge cord
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Exist or $15 each
Charge at Home (and at work)
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
0.3% of the need
Charge at Home (and at work)
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Public Charging is like looking for $10 gas!
0.3% of the need
85% of all charging is at home on standard 120v outlets
Charging While Parked (21 hrs/day)
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Oh the Horror!
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Reality with EV’s isPeople see thisAnd think $50
$1 a day
Our Legacy experience
20¢/hr
120v outlets solve 97% of charging-at-work
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
Church
Charging Load at 120v:
http://aprs.org/payin-to-plugin.htmlBob Bruninga, PE
IEEE Transportation Committee
1 Coffee Pot = Level 1 EV charging
Pay $20/moFor 20mi commute
Plug-in at work (double range, quadruple area)
Charge at home only = 16 mi range (chevy Volt)
Charge L1 at work/home = 64 mi range
Range of Chevy Volt (on electricity)
Electric!
One Family Example: from 3000 gal/year down to 200 gal/year
And we help Environment
And save money!
Solar Water Heating – WAS Best Application for solar1950 - 2005
Best energy capture per sqft… 1950-2005
Solar PV EQUAL to Thermal hot water… in 2005 !
Heatpump water heating – game-changer 2005 -
Solar PV now BETTER than Thermal hot water… !
100% hot water not used EVERYDAY… Excess solar every day is lost
100% of solar energy = full retail valueIndependent of how you use it!
My Kitchen DIY Heat Pump
So, Lets do the right thing…Move forward with clean Energy
Bob Bruninga, WB4APRAnnapolis, MD 21401http://www.aprs.org/AFM-environment.html410-293-6417
Fossil Burning Costs
Solar Power for Electricity Electric Vehicle Support
We include EV’s because about half of our easily-fixed energy is spent driving
At AFM we currently burn Propane for heat
Big Picture!
Heating
ElectricDriving
Lighting
Heating Costs – Oil,Propane…
Actually our biggest Energy cost is our Propane heating.
Switching to Ground Source Heatpump saved 60% of our energy costs!
Switching from Propane to Ground Source Heatpump
Our heating costs will go down 60% AND being electric, we can replace that with solar for additional savings!
Summary
• If you have sun, FREE Energy + 10%/yr for LIFE!• If most of your driving is local, Reduce Driving
costs by 4 to 1 with an EV!• If you have a Hybrid, your have 50 kW power!• Think - Energy & Power – Ham service• There are practically no 60 Hz Xformers now• Most new things run on 100-240 VAC/ (330VDC)• Prepare for flexible, versitile energy• Stop burning Fossil Fuel where U can!
Hams KNOW Energy!
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